Nature and Significance of Eye Muscle Autoantigens in Endocrine Ophthalmopathy1

2015 ◽  
pp. 77-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jack R. Wall
Keyword(s):  
Eye Muscle

Detection and immunomodulation of eye muscle antibodies in Graves' ophthalmopathy

1987 ◽  
Vol 116 (3_Suppl) ◽  
pp. S12
Author(s):  
G. KAHALY ◽  
R. MONCAYO ◽  
U. BEMETZ ◽  
U. KRAUSE ◽  
J. BEYER
Keyword(s):  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy

scholarly journals Prediction of meat quality traits in the abattoir using portable near-infrared spectrometers: heritability of predicted traits and genetic correlations with laboratory-measured traits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Simone Savoia ◽  
Andrea Albera ◽  
Alberto Brugiapaglia ◽  
Liliana Di Stasio ◽  
Alessio Cecchinato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Quality ◽  
Near Infrared ◽  
External Validation ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Genetic Selection ◽  
Quality Traits ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Meat Quality Traits ◽  
Color Traits ◽  
Selection Of

Abstract Background The possibility of assessing meat quality traits over the meat chain is strongly limited, especially in the context of selective breeding which requires a large number of phenotypes. The main objective of this study was to investigate the suitability of portable infrared spectrometers for phenotyping beef cattle aiming to genetically improving the quality of their meat. Meat quality traits (pH, color, water holding capacity, tenderness) were appraised on rib eye muscle samples of 1,327 Piemontese young bulls using traditional (i.e., reference/gold standard) laboratory analyses; the same traits were also predicted from spectra acquired at the abattoir on the intact muscle surface of the same animals 1 d after slaughtering. Genetic parameters were estimated for both laboratory measures of meat quality traits and their spectra-based predictions. Results The prediction performances of the calibration equations, assessed through external validation, were satisfactory for color traits (R2 from 0.52 to 0.80), low for pH and purge losses (R2 around 0.30), and very poor for cooking losses and tenderness (R2 below 0.20). Except for lightness and purge losses, the heritability estimates of most of the predicted traits were lower than those of the measured traits while the genetic correlations between measured and predicted traits were high (average value 0.81). Conclusions Results showed that NIRS predictions of color traits, pH, and purge losses could be used as indicator traits for the indirect genetic selection of the reference quality phenotypes. Results for cooking losses were less effective, while the NIR predictions of tenderness were affected by a relatively high uncertainty of estimate. Overall, genetic selection of some meat quality traits, whose direct phenotyping is difficult, can benefit of the application of infrared spectrometers technology.

scholarly journals Consumer Perceptions of Meat Redness Were Strongly Influenced by Storage and Display Times

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 540
Author(s):  
Maddison T. Corlett ◽  
David W. Pethick ◽  
Khama R. Kelman ◽  
Robin H. Jacob ◽  
Graham E. Gardner
Keyword(s):  
Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Intramuscular Fat ◽  
Consumer Perceptions ◽  
Display Time ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Longissimus Lumborum ◽  
Retail Display ◽  
Lamb Growth ◽  
Long Storage

Lamb (n = 79) meat colour was scored by 879 untrained consumers using a scale of 0 (brown) to 100 (red). This consumer colour score (CCS) was obtained on m. longissimus lumborum (loin) and m. semimembranosus (topside), stored for short (5–7 days), medium (33–35 days), and long periods (110–112 days) and a retail display time of up to 4 days. Consumers perceived topside to be less red initially and changed from red to brown more rapidly when stored for the long-storage period (p < 0.01). Whereas, the initial CCS of loin samples were similar across the storage periods (p > 0.05). CCS and the instrument measure oxy/met (reflectance of light at wavelengths 630 nm and 580 nm) had a low correlation coefficient of 0.33 (p < 0.01). The propensity for lamb growth and leanness indicated by sire breeding values for lamb weight, eye muscle depth, eye muscle fat depth, and loin intramuscular fat had varied and inconsistent effects on CCS. Therefore, even the selection on CCS.

scholarly journals Comparison of two live-animal ultrasound systems for genetic evaluation of carcass traits in Angus cattle

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
C J Duff ◽  
J H J van der Werf ◽  
P F Parnell ◽  
S A Clark
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Genetic Evaluation ◽  
Ultrasound Scan ◽  
Ultrasound Scanning ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
Breeding Objective ◽  
Two Systems

Abstract The improvement of carcass traits is an important breeding objective in beef cattle breeding programs. The most common way of selecting for improvement in carcass traits is via indirect selection using ultrasound scanning of selection candidates which are submitted to genetic evaluation programs. Two systems used to analyse ultrasound images to predict carcass traits are the Pie Medical Esaote Aquila (PIE) and Central Ultrasound Processing (CUP). This study compared the ability of the two systems to predict carcass traits for genetic evaluation in Australian Angus cattle. Genetic and phenotypic parameters were estimated using data from 1648 Angus steers which were ultrasound scanned twice with both systems, first at feedlot entry and then following 100 days in the feedlot. The traits interpreted from ultrasound scanning included eye muscle area (EMA), rib fat (RIB) rump fat (RUMP) and intramuscular fat (IMF). Abattoir carcass data were collected on all steers following the full feedlot feeding period of 285 days. For all ultrasound scan traits, CUP resulted in higher phenotypic and genetic variances compared to the PIE. For IMF, CUP had higher heritability at feedlot intake (0.51 for CUP compared to 0.37 for PIE) and after 100 days feeding (0.54 for CUP compared to 0.45 PIE). CUP predicted IMF also tended to have stronger correlations with the breeding objective traits of carcass IMF marbling traits, both genetically (ranging from 0.59 to 0.75 for CUP compared to 0.45 to 0.63 for PIE) and phenotypically (ranging from 0.27 to 0.43 for CUP compared to 0.19 to 0.28 for PIE). Ultrasound scan EMA were the only group of traits in which the heritabilities were higher for PIE (0.52 for PIE compared to 0.40 for CUP at feedlot intake and 0.46 for PIE compared to 0.43 for CUP at 100 days of feeding), however with similar relationships to the breeding objective carcass EMA observed. For subcutaneous fat traits of ultrasound RIB and RUMP, the heritabilites and genetic correlations to the related carcass traits were similar, with the exception being the higher heritability observed for CUP predicted RUMP at feedlot intake at 0.52 compared to 0.38 for PIE. The results from this study indicates that the CUP system, compared to PIE, provides an advantage for genetic evaluation of carcass traits in Angus cattle, particularly for the IMF and associated marbling traits.

Effects of maternal and post-weaned rumen-protected folic acid supplementation on slaughter performance and meat quality in the offspring lambs

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-28
Author(s):  
H.Q. Li ◽  
B. Wang ◽  
Z. Li ◽  
H.L. Luo ◽  
C. Zhang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Gastrointestinal Tract ◽  
Meat Quality ◽  
Maternal Diet ◽  
Folic Acid Supplementation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Morphological Development ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Slaughter Performance

Abstract This study was undertaken to evaluate the influence of rumen-protected folic acid (RPFA) on slaughter performance, visceral organ and gastrointestinal tract coefficients, and meat quality in lambs. Sixty-six lambs from 120 Hu ewes were selected based on body weight and maternal diets, and then assigned to six groups using a randomized block experimental design in a 3 × 2 factorial arrangement. The first factor was folic acid (FA) as RPFA in the maternal diet (0 mg/kg [M0F], 16 mg/kg [M16F] or 32 mg/kg [M32F] on dry matter basis). The second factor was FA in the lambs’ diet from weaning until slaughter (0 mg/kg [OC] or 4.0 mg/kg [OF]). The results indicated that the addition of 16 mg/kg FA to the maternal diet increased pre-slaughter weight (PSW), dressing and meat percentage, the reticulum and omasum coefficients, length of the jejunum and ileum, tail fat and perirenal fat coefficient and a* value of the meat color. The addition of RPFA to the lambs’ diet increased PSW, dressing and meat percentage, eye muscle area, abomasum weight, weight and length of the small intestine, but reduced the coefficients of tail fat. A M×O interaction was observed for the weights of heart, lungs, rumen and total stomach, weight and coefficient of omental fat and the GR value. Collectively, RPFA in the maternal and lambs’ diet improved slaughter performance and meat quality by stimulating the morphological development of the gastrointestinal tract and the distribution of fat in the body.

scholarly journals AB0854 A CASE REPORT OF BROWN SYNDROME COMPLICATING THE MANAGEMENT OF SCLEROMYOSITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1451.1-1451
Author(s):  
P. Arora ◽  
L. Croot
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Myasthenia Gravis ◽  
Muscle Weakness ◽  
Tendon Sheath ◽  
Motility Disorder ◽  
Ocular Motility ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Brown Syndrome ◽  
Superior Oblique

Background:Brown syndrome is a rare ocular motility disorder which has been reported in JRA, RA and SLE but never in a patient with scleromyositis.Objectives:To report the first case of Brown syndrome in a patient with scleromyositis and increase awareness of this condition.Methods:A case report and discussion.Results:The patient was diagnosed with scleromyositis, at the age of 34, after presenting with arthralgia, sclerodactyly, skin pigmentation, Raynaud’s phenomenon, mild muscle weakness and dyspnoea. His labs were CRP 47 mg/L, CK 868 IU/L, ANA strongly positive; anticentromere Ab negative and Anti-PM/Scl-75 and Anti- PM/Scl-100 Ab positive. HRCT chest showed extensive pulmonary fibrosis with lower lobe honeycombing. TLCO was 3.98 (33% of predicted).He was initially managed with high dose steroids and pulsed IV cyclophosphamide with azathioprine for maintenance therapy. His lung disease stabilised and myositis resolved but he continued to develop calcinosis cutis so was switched to 6 monthly IV rituximab.6 years later, he developed morning headaches with intermittent diplopia, described as double vision in vertical gaze with one image being above the other. Episodes lasting 10 minutes to 2 hours. Examination showed normal visual acuity and fundoscopy, no peripheral or eye muscle weakness.Investigations to exclude myasthenia gravis, cerebral vasculitis and atypical infection were organised (MRI, AChR antibody, lumbar puncture, MRA) and were normal.Because of intermittent nature of his episodes, his eye examination was always normal but he captured images in disconjugate gaze with right eye looking upwards and outwards when trying to look straight (Figure 1). Occasionally this was associated with orbital pain and an audible click. These features are suggestive of Brown syndrome.He continues to have recurrent episodes despite immunosuppression but prednisolone 20mg daily for 1-2 days at onset of each attack causes rapid resolution of symptoms.Figure 1.Right eye looking upwards and outwards when trying to look straightConclusion:Scleromyositis is an overlap syndrome of scleroderma and dermatomyositis. Muscle involvement is mild and clinical presentation can be variable. The PM/Scl antibodies are highly characteristic of the syndrome. (1)Brown syndrome is an ocular motility disorder, first described in 1950, characterized by the inability to fully elevate the affected eye in adduction due to pathology of the superior oblique tendon sheath. (2)It can be congenital or acquired, viz, trauma, surgery or sinusitis and also been described in RA, JIA and SLE. (3)If superior oblique tendon cannot relax or slide freely through the trochlea then the affected eye cannot depress completely, leading to diplopia on upward gaze. (4) In inflammatory disease it is thought that swelling of the posterior part of the superior oblique tendon or tenosynovitis are likely causes of the tendon sheath abnormality. (4) This is likely to be the case in this patient because his symptoms are recurrent, respond to steroids and tend to occur more towards the end of rituximab cycles.Recognition of this syndrome is important because invasive investigations can be avoided. Also, intermittent diplopia in a patient with autoimmune disease is suggestive of myasthenia gravis which maybe incorrectly diagnosed.Finally, this case demonstrates the syndrome can be easily managed with short courses of oral steroids, although patients who are already on immunosuppressant treatment may need this in addition.References:[1]Török L, Dankó K, Cserni G, Szûcs G. PM-SCL autoantibody positive scleroderma with polymyositis (mechanic’s hand: clinical aid in the diagnosis). JEADV 2004; 18: 356–359[2]Brown H W. Congenital structural muscle anomalies. In:Alien J H, ed. Strabismus ophthalmic symposium I. St Louis:CV Mosby, 1950: 205-6.[3]Cooper C, Kirwan JR, McGill NW, Dieppe PA. Brown’s syndrome: an unusual ocular complication of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 1990; 49:188-9.[4]Sandford-Smith JH. Superior oblique tendon syndrome and its relationship to stenosing tenosynovitis. Br JOphthalmol 1973; 57:859-65.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Prediction of Hanwoo Cattle Phenotypes from Genotypes Using Machine Learning Methods

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2066
Author(s):  
Swati Srivastava ◽  
Bryan Irvine Lopez ◽  
Himansu Kumar ◽  
Myoungjin Jang ◽  
Han-Ha Chai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Support Vector ◽  
Learning Methods ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Important Species ◽  
Machine Learning Methods ◽  
Extreme Gradient Boosting ◽  
Boosting Method ◽  
Predictive Correlation ◽  
Hanwoo Cattle

Hanwoo was originally raised for draft purposes, but the increase in local demand for red meat turned that purpose into full-scale meat-type cattle rearing; it is now considered one of the most economically important species and a vital food source for Koreans. The application of genomic selection in Hanwoo breeding programs in recent years was expected to lead to higher genetic progress. However, better statistical methods that can improve the genomic prediction accuracy are required. Hence, this study aimed to compare the predictive performance of three machine learning methods, namely, random forest (RF), extreme gradient boosting method (XGB), and support vector machine (SVM), when predicting the carcass weight (CWT), marbling score (MS), backfat thickness (BFT) and eye muscle area (EMA). Phenotypic and genotypic data (53,866 SNPs) from 7324 commercial Hanwoo cattle that were slaughtered at the age of around 30 months were used. The results showed that the boosting method XGB showed the highest predictive correlation for CWT and MS, followed by GBLUP, SVM, and RF. Meanwhile, the best predictive correlation for BFT and EMA was delivered by GBLUP, followed by SVM, RF, and XGB. Although XGB presented the highest predictive correlations for some traits, we did not find an advantage of XGB or any machine learning methods over GBLUP according to the mean squared error of prediction. Thus, we still recommend the use of GBLUP in the prediction of genomic breeding values for carcass traits in Hanwoo cattle.

Genetic importance of fat and eye muscle depth in Merino breeding programs

2016 ◽  
Vol 56 (4) ◽  
pp. 690 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. J. Brown ◽  
A. A. Swan
Keyword(s):  
Carcass Traits ◽  
Genetic Correlations ◽  
Fibre Diameter ◽  
Economic Index ◽  
Parasite Resistance ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Internal Parasite ◽  
Reproduction Traits

Australian Merino breeders have traditionally selected animals for breeding predominately on the basis of wool characteristics. Over recent decades, an increasing proportion of Merino breeders are interested in producing a ewe that can be used for prime-lamb production, but that also performs well for wool characteristics. Correlations between ultrasound carcass traits and other traits such as wool, internal parasite resistance and reproduction traits, are not very well known. The aims of this study were three-fold: (1) to estimate the genetic relationships between ultrasound carcass traits and wool, internal parasite resistance and reproduction traits, (2) to determine the value of recording ultrasound carcass traits in Merino breeding programs, and (3) to evaluate the impact of improving ewe genetic merit for fatness on their reproduction performance. Ultrasound fat and eye muscle depth had small to moderate genetic correlations with most traits, with positive correlations observed for bodyweight, fibre diameter, fibre curvature and reproduction, and negative correlations observed for fleece weight, fibre diameter coefficient of variation, worm egg count and breech wrinkle. As expected on the basis of these genetic correlations, estimated breeding values for fat depth of ewes had a positive association with their observed reproduction performance, but the effect explained only minimal variation in reproductive performance, and was extremely variable among flocks and years. A range of measurement scenarios was investigated for three standard MERINOSELECT indexes. Measuring fat and eye muscle depth resulted in 3%, 4% and 21% additional economic index gain for the fine, medium and dual purpose indexes, respectively, whereas measuring reproduction traits directly resulted in 17%, 27% and 45% additional gain in the economic index. Dual purpose index gains benefited more from measuring ultrasound carcass traits as it is the only index with a direct economic value placed on carcass traits. Measuring fat and eye muscle depth also resulted in a greater reduction in worm egg count. The results indicated that desirable genetic progress can be made in wool, ultrasound carcass, internal parasite resistance and number of lambs born and weaned simultaneously using multiple trait selection to account for the mix of favourable and unfavourable correlations between these traits. These results also demonstrated that the best method to maximise economic gain is to measure as many traits (or closely correlated traits) in the breeding objective as possible.

The area of eye muscle of beef cattle carcasses

1963 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 249
Author(s):  
RM Seebeck
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Cross Sectional Area ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Sectional Area ◽  
Muscle Area ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Angus Cattle ◽  
The Cross

Variations in the cross-sectional area of eye muscle of carcasses cut between the tenth and eleventh ribs were investigated, using 105 Hereford and 51 Angus steers aged 20 months. These cattle consisted of three groups, born in successive years. At constant carcass weight, statistically significant differences in eye muscle area were found between breeds and between years. Breed and year differences were also found in eye muscle area with width and depth of eye muscle constant, so that there are limitations to the estimation of eye muscle area from width and depth measurements. A nomograph is given for estimating eye muscle area from width and depth for Hereford and Angus cattle, when all animals are reared in the same year and environment. The use of eye muscle area as an indicator of weight of carcass muscle is discussed.

Adaptation to tilt is not produced by eye-muscle potentiation

1990 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 779-783 ◽  
Author(s):  
H.H. Mikaelian ◽  
D.M. Mikaelian ◽  
E.L. Cameron
Keyword(s):  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Muscle Potentiation
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