Orbital Connective Tissue in Endocrine Ophthalmopathyl

2015 ◽  
pp. 46-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca S. Bahn ◽  
Armin E. Heufelder
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Orbital Connective Tissue

scholarly journals Changes of orbital connective tissue after bimatoprost injection. Experimental study in rats

2016 ◽  
Vol 75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilson Lopes da Fonseca Junior ◽  
Giuliana Petri ◽  
Juliana Mora Veridiano ◽  
José Ricardo Carvalho Lima Rehder
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Orbital Connective Tissue

scholarly journals Viscoelastic properties of bovine orbital connective tissue and fat: constitutive models

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 901-914 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lawrence Yoo ◽  
Vijay Gupta ◽  
Choongyeop Lee ◽  
Pirouz Kavehpore ◽  
Joseph L. Demer
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Viscoelastic Properties ◽  
Constitutive Models ◽  
Orbital Connective Tissue

scholarly journals Graves' ophthalmopathy: eye muscle involvement in patients with diplopia

2000 ◽  
Vol 142 (6) ◽  
pp. 591-597 ◽  
Author(s):  
EV Nagy ◽  
J Toth ◽  
I Kaldi ◽  
J Damjanovich ◽  
E Mezosi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Relaxation Time ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Relaxation Times ◽  
Tissue Expansion ◽  
Muscle Thickness ◽  
T2 Relaxation Time ◽  
T2 Relaxation ◽  
Muscle Involvement ◽  
Eye Muscle ◽  
Orbital Connective Tissue

BACKGROUND: Diplopia identifies patients with eye muscle involvement in Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO). OBJECTIVE: To identify clinical parameters that could eliminate the need for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to assess the activity of inflammation in the eye muscles of GO patients with diplopia. METHODS: In 43 patients with GO with recently developed diplopia, orbital ultrasound and MRI were performed. Muscle diameters and MRI T2 relaxation times were measured, and the amount of orbital connective tissue was calculated from MRI scans and compared with ultrasound readings, diplopia grades, degree of protrusion, ocular pressure, tear production, antibody levels and hormonal parameters of thyroid function. RESULTS: No correlation was found between diameters of 233 extraocular muscles measured by MRI and by ultrasound. For each of the four muscles, there was a diameter above which ultrasound was always unreliable. MRI data were used in further analysis. Of the muscles examined, the inferior rectuses were the most frequently enlarged - at least one, in 93% of cases. Medial, lateral and superior rectuses were enlarged in 59%, 37% and 34% of the orbits respectively. The pattern of muscle involvement of the two orbits tended to be symmetric (r=0.49, P=0.003), particularly for the medial rectuses (r=0.90, P=0.000). Proptosis correlated with the sum of the muscle diameters for a given eye (right eye: r=0.54, P=0.003; left eye: r=0.57, P=0.001), but it failed to correlate with the amount of orbital connective tissue. In 53% of the patients, normal T2 relaxation times were found in all eight muscles. There was only a weak correlation between muscle thickness and T2 relaxation time (r=0.49, P=0.003), indicating that muscle enlargement alone is not a sign of disease activity. The severity of diplopia was independent of T2 relaxation time. The amount of orbital connective tissue showed a negative correlation with the greatest T2 relaxation time for a given eye (r= -0.52, P=0.004); this suggests that disease types exist that have predominant muscle involvement and predominant connective tissue expansion. No correlation between connective tissue expansion and proptosis, diplopia grade, muscle thickness or disease duration was found - that is, connective tissue expansion is not a major factor in diplopia. Both muscle and connective tissue findings were independent of thyroid function. CONCLUSION: Ultrasound and MRI eye muscle diameter readings do not correlate, because of the inherent inaccuracy of orbital ultrasound. Muscle enlargement alone does not mean oedematous swelling and active disease. Neither ultrasound, nor any combination of 11 clinical and laboratory parameters provided the degree of information on muscles and connective tissue that was obtainable by MRI. In unclear cases of recently developed diplopia, before orbital decompression surgery, in the case of treatment failure or if, for any other reason, imaging is needed in GO, MRI is the method of choice.

Immunohistochemical Analysis of Orbital Connective Tissue Specimens of Patients With Active Graves Ophthalmopathy

2005 ◽  
Vol 30 (8) ◽  
pp. 631-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Avni Murat Avunduk ◽  
Mustafa Cihat Avunduk ◽  
Halit Pazarli ◽  
Velittin Oguz ◽  
Emily D. Varnell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Immunohistochemical Analysis ◽  
Graves Ophthalmopathy ◽  
Tissue Specimens ◽  
Orbital Connective Tissue

Analysis of human thyrotropin receptor gene expression and immunoreactivity in human orbital tissue

1997 ◽  
Vol 136 (6) ◽  
pp. 599-607 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine Spitzweg ◽  
Werner Joba ◽  
Nicholas Hunt ◽  
Armin E Heufelder
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Connective Tissue ◽  
Extraocular Muscle ◽  
Polyclonal Antibodies ◽  
Receptor Gene ◽  
Immunocytochemical Staining ◽  
Thyrotropin Receptor ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Normal Individuals ◽  
Orbital Connective Tissue

Abstract The human thyrotropin receptor (hTSHR) represents an autoantigen that plays a central role in the hyperthyroidism of Graves' disease (GD). hTSHR transcripts have recently been detected by reverse transcription (RT)-PCR in various extrathyroidal tissues, suggesting that the hTSHR may be more widely distributed than previously thought, and that it may serve as a common antigen in the thyroidal and extrathyroidal manifestations of GD. Using techniques other than RT-PCR, we examined whether RNA encoding hTSHR and hTSHR-specific immunoreactivity can be detected and localized in cultured orbital fibroblasts (OF), orbital connective tissue, extraocular muscle and various extraorbital tissues derived from both patients with Graves' ophthalmopathy (GO) and normal individuals. Using in situ hybridization with a digoxigenin-labeled antisense oligonucleotide probe specific for the extra-cellular domain of hTSHR, specific perinuclear and cytoplasmic hTSHR gene expression was detected in OF of patients with GO and, to a lesser degree, normal individuals. Using a highly sensitive immunostaining technique and a panel of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies directed against different epitopes of recombinant hTSHR, distinct cytoplasmic hTSHR-like immunoreactivity was detected in methanol-fixed OF and orbital connective tissue, which was absent in abdominal fibroblasts, or when using isotype-matched non-immune immunoglobulins. Mouse monoclonal and pig polyclonal hTSHR antibodies detected cytoplasmic hTSHR-like immunoreactivity in perimysial fibroblasts within extraocular muscle, but not in extraocular muscle fibers. Immunocytochemical staining with rabbit polyclonal hTSHR antibody revealed, in addition, distinct cell surface-associated immunoreactivity in paraformaldehyde-fixed OF, but not in abdominal fibroblasts. Taken together, our results suggest that RNA encoding hTSHR is present and actively processed to immunoreactive hTSHR-like protein in OF residing within orbital connective tissue and extraocular muscle. These data support the concept that OF expressing intact or variant hTSHR may act as extrathyroidal targets for sensitized T-cells and immunoglobulins in GD. European Journal of Endocrinology 136 599–607

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