Peritoneal Transport of Macromolecules in Patients on CAPD

2015 ◽  
pp. 161-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. T. Krediet ◽  
D. G. Struijk ◽  
G. C. M. Koomen ◽  
D. Zemel ◽  
E. W. Boeschoten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Transport ◽  
Transport Of Macromolecules

scholarly journals Efficient aortic lymphatic drainage is necessary for atherosclerosis regression induced by ezetimibe

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (50) ◽  
pp. eabc2697
Author(s):  
Kim Pin Yeo ◽  
Hwee Ying Lim ◽  
Chung Hwee Thiam ◽  
Syaza Hazwany Azhar ◽  
Caris Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lymphatic Vessels ◽  
Lymphatic Drainage ◽  
Lymphatic Transport ◽  
Atherosclerotic Plaques ◽  
Tissue Fluid ◽  
Atherosclerosis Progression ◽  
Lymphatic Vasculature ◽  
Lesion Regression ◽  
Transport Of Macromolecules

A functional lymphatic vasculature is essential for tissue fluid homeostasis, immunity, and lipid clearance. Although atherosclerosis has been linked to adventitial lymphangiogenesis, the functionality of aortic lymphatic vessels draining the diseased aorta has never been assessed and the role of lymphatic drainage in atherogenesis is not well understood. We develop a method to measure aortic lymphatic transport of macromolecules and show that it is impaired during atherosclerosis progression, whereas it is ameliorated during lesion regression induced by ezetimibe. Disruption of aortic lymph flow by lymphatic ligation promotes adventitial inflammation and development of atherosclerotic plaque in hypercholesterolemic mice and inhibits ezetimibe-induced atherosclerosis regression. Thus, progression of atherosclerotic plaques may result not only from increased entry of atherogenic factors into the arterial wall but also from reduced lymphatic clearance of these factors as a result of aortic lymph stasis. Our findings suggest that promoting lymphatic drainage might be effective for treating atherosclerosis.

The Effect of a Nitric Oxide Inhibitor (L-Name) on Peritoneal Transport during Dialysis in Rats

1998 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 188-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrzej Breborowicz ◽  
Katarzyna Wieczorowska Tobis ◽  
Katarzyna Korybalska ◽  
Alicja Polubinska ◽  
Maciej Radkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Significant Decline ◽  
Nitric Oxide Synthesis ◽  
Dialysis Fluid ◽  
Large Molecules ◽  
Acute Peritonitis ◽  
Important Mediator ◽  
Peritoneal Transport ◽  
Nitric Oxide Inhibitor

Objective To assess the effect of an inhibitor of nitric oxide synthesis [NG-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME)] on peritoneal transport during peritoneal dialysis (PD) and peritonitis in rats. Methods The authors studied peritoneal transport of small and large solutes, and net ultrafiltration (UF) in rats during PD with Dianeal 3.86 (Baxter, McGaw Park, IL, U.S.A.). They evaluated the effect of L-NAME used as an additive to dialysis fluid in concentrations 0.5 -5 mg/m L on peritoneal transport of small and large molecules and on transperitoneal UF. In addition, they studied the effect of L-NAME (5 mg/mL) during acute peritonitis induced by lipopolysaccharides (5 μg/mL) given intraperitoneally. Results The addition of L-NAME to dialysis fluid increased the selectivity of the peritoneum and net UF during dialysis. Lipopolysaccharides used as an additive to the dialysis fluid, together with L-NAME, did not induce changes in transperitoneal transport of small and large solutes and did not cause a significant decline in net UF. L-NAME given intraperitoneally reduced both local and systemic production of nitric oxide, which might explain its effects on peritoneal transport. Conclusions Nitric oxide is an important mediator of changes in peritoneal transport and its effect is especially significant during peritonitis.

scholarly journals A New Method to Increase Ultrafiltration in Peritoneal Dialysis: Steady Concentration Peritoneal Dialysis

2016 ◽  
Vol 36 (5) ◽  
pp. 555-561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vicente Pérez-Díaz ◽  
Alfonso Pérez-Escudero ◽  
Sandra Sanz-Ballesteros ◽  
Guadalupe Rodríguez-Portela ◽  
Susana Valenciano-Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Peritoneal Dialysis ◽  
Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fluid Overload ◽  
Glucose Solution ◽  
Osmotic Gradient ◽  
Single Session ◽  
Peritoneal Equilibration Test ◽  
Peritoneal Transport ◽  
Constant Rate ◽  
Limited Power

Background Peritoneal dialysis (PD) has limited power for liquid extraction (ultrafiltration), so fluid overload remains a major cause of treatment failure. Methods We present steady concentration peritonal dialysis (SCPD), which increases ultrafiltration of PD exchanges by maintaining a constant peritoneal glucose concentration. This is achieved by infusing 50% glucose solution at a constant rate (typically 40 mL/h) during the 4-hour dwell of a 2-L 1.36% glucose exchange. We treated 21 fluid overload episodes on 6 PD patients with high or average-high peritoneal transport characteristics who refused hemodialysis as an alternative. Each treatment consisted of a single session with 1 to 4 SCPD exchanges (as needed). Results Ultrafiltration averaged 653 ± 363 mL/4 h — twice the ultrafiltration of the peritoneal equilibration test (PET) (300 ± 251 mL/4 h, p < 0.001) and 6-fold the daily ultrafiltration (100 ± 123 mL/4 h, p < 0.001). Serum and peritoneal glucose stability and dialysis efficacy were excellent (glycemia 126 ± 25 mg/dL, peritoneal glucose 1,830 ± 365 mg/dL, D/P creatinine 0.77 ± 0.08). The treatment reversed all episodes of fluid overload, avoiding transfer to hemodialysis. Ultrafiltration was proportional to fluid overload ( p < 0.01) and inversely proportional to final peritoneal glucose concentration ( p < 0.05). Conclusion This preliminary clinical experience confirms the potential of SCPD to safely and effectively increase ultrafiltration of PD exchanges. It also shows peritoneal transport in a new dynamic context, enhancing the influence of factors unrelated to the osmotic gradient.

Transdermal Delivery Of Macromolecules Using Nanolipid Carriers

2021 ◽  
Vol 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sana Kalave ◽  
Bappaditya Chatterjee ◽  
Parth Shah ◽  
Ambikanandan Misra
Keyword(s):  
Delivery System ◽  
Transdermal Delivery ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Nanostructured Lipid Carriers ◽  
Skin Damage ◽  
Low Frequency Ultrasound ◽  
Transdermal Delivery System ◽  
Nanolipid Carriers ◽  
Transport Of Macromolecules ◽  
Frequency Ultrasound

: Skin being the largest external organ, offers an enticing procedure for transdermal drug delivery, so the drug needs to rise above the outermost layer of the skin, i.e., stratum corneum. Small molecular drug entities obeying the Lipinski rule, i.e., drugs having a molecular weight less than 500Da, high lipophilicity, and optimum polarity, are favored enough to be used on the skin as therapeutics. Skin's barrier action properties prevent the transport of macromolecules at pre-determined therapeutic rates. Notable advancement in macromolecules' transdermal delivery occurred in recent years. Scientists have opted for liposomes, the use of electroporation or, low-frequency ultrasound techniques. Some of these have shown better delivery of macromolecules at clinically beneficial rates. These physical technologies involve complex mechanisms, which may irreversibly incur skin damage. Majorly, two types of lipid-based formulations, including Solid Lipid Nanoparticles (SLNs) and Nanostructured Lipid Carriers (NLCs) are widely investigated as a transdermal delivery system. In this review, the concepts, mechanisms, and applications of Nanostructured Lipid Carriers that are considered feasible for transporting macromolecules via transdermal delivery system are thoroughly reviewed and presented along with their clinical perspective.

scholarly journals Epithelial Transport of Macromolecules: Gastric Mucous Exocytosis

MEMBRANE ◽  
2011 ◽  
Vol 36 (6) ◽  
pp. 286-292
Author(s):  
Takashi Nakahari ◽  
Yukinori Sawabe ◽  
Chikao Shimamoto
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Transport ◽  
Gastric Mucous ◽  
Transport Of Macromolecules
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