Antimicrobial Activity of the Secretory Innate Defense Factors Lactoferrin, Lactoperoxidase and Lysozyme1

2015 ◽  
pp. 75-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roland R. Arnold ◽  
James E. Russell ◽  
Sara M. Devine ◽  
Michael Adamson ◽  
Kenneth M. Pruitt
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Innate Defense

scholarly journals Short Palate, Lung, and Nasal Epithelial Clone 1 Has Antimicrobial and Antibiofilm Activities against the Burkholderia cepacia Complex

2016 ◽  
Vol 60 (10) ◽  
pp. 6003-6012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saira Ahmad ◽  
Jean Tyrrell ◽  
William G. Walton ◽  
Ashutosh Tripathy ◽  
Matthew R. Redinbo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Lung Disease ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia ◽  
Burkholderia Cepacia Complex ◽  
Upper Airways ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Opportunistic Bacteria ◽  
The Impact

ABSTRACTThe opportunistic bacteria of theBurkholderia cepaciacomplex (Bcc) are extremely pathogenic to cystic fibrosis (CF) patients, and acquisition of Bcc bacteria is associated with a significant increase in mortality. Treatment of Bcc infections is difficult because the bacteria are multidrug resistant and able to survive in biofilms. Short palate, lung, and nasal epithelial clone 1 (SPLUNC1) is an innate defense protein that is secreted by the upper airways and pharynx. While SPLUNC1 is known to have antimicrobial functions, its effects on Bcc strains are unclear. We therefore tested the hypothesis that SPLUNC1 is able to impair Bcc growth and biofilm formation. We found that SPLUNC1 exerted bacteriostatic effects against several Bcc clinical isolates, includingB. cenocepaciastrain J2315 (50% inhibitory concentration [IC50] = 0.28 μM), and reduced biofilm formation and attachment (IC50= 0.11 μM). We then determined which domains of SPLUNC1 are responsible for its antimicrobial activity. Deletions of SPLUNC1's N terminus and α6 helix did not affect its function. However, deletion of the α4 helix attenuated antimicrobial activity, while the corresponding α4 peptide displayed antimicrobial activity. Chronic neutrophilia is a hallmark of CF lung disease, and neutrophil elastase (NE) cleaves SPLUNC1. However, we found that the ability of SPLUNC1 to disrupt biofilm formation was significantly potentiated by NE pretreatment. While the impact of CF on SPLUNC1-Bcc interactions is not currently known, our data suggest that understanding this interaction may have important implications for CF lung disease.

scholarly journals Ascorbic Acid, Ultraviolet C Rays, and Glucose but not Hyperthermia Are Elicitors of Humanβ-Defensin 1 mRNA in Normal Keratinocytes

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Antonio Cruz Díaz ◽  
María Guadalupe Flores Miramontes ◽  
Paulina Chávez Hurtado ◽  
Kirk Allen ◽  
Marisela Gonzalez Ávila ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Independent Manner ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Normal Keratinocytes ◽  
Normal Human Keratinocytes ◽  
Ultraviolet C ◽  
Normal Human

Hosts’ innate defense systems are upregulated by antimicrobial peptide elicitors (APEs). Our aim was to investigate the effects of hyperthermia, ultraviolet A rays (UVA), and ultraviolet C rays (UVC) as well as glucose and ascorbic acid (AA) on the regulation of humanβ-defensin 1 (DEFB1), cathelicidin (CAMP), and interferon-γ(IFNG) genes in normal human keratinocytes (NHK). The indirectin vitroantimicrobial activity againstStaphylococcus aureusandListeria monocytogenesof these potential APEs was tested. We found that AA is a more potent APE forDEFB1than glucose in NHK. Glucose but not AA is an APE forCAMP. Mild hypo- (35°C) and hyperthermia (39°C) are not APEs in NHK. AA-dependentDEFB1upregulation below 20 mM predictsin vitroantimicrobial activity as well as glucose- and AA-dependentCAMPandIFNGupregulation. UVC upregulatesCAMPandDEFB1genes but UVA only upregulates theDEFB1gene. UVC is a previously unrecognized APE in human cells. Our results suggest that glucose upregulatesCAMPin an IFN-γ-independent manner. AA is an elicitor of innate immunity that will challenge the current concept of late activation of adaptive immunity of this vitamin. These results could be useful in designing new potential drugs and devices to combat skin infections.

scholarly journals Transcriptome Analysis of Psacothea hilaris: De Novo Assembly and Antimicrobial Peptide Prediction

Insects ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 676 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joon Ha Lee ◽  
Hoyong Chung ◽  
Yong Pyo Shin ◽  
In-Woo Kim ◽  
Sathishkumar Natarajan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptide ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Resistant Bacteria ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Innate Defense

Antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) are the frontline innate defense system evolutionarily preserved in insects to combat invading pathogens. These AMPs could serve as an alternative to classical antibiotics to overcome the burden of treating multidrug resistant bacteria. Psacotheasin, a knottin type AMP was isolated from Psacothea hilaris and shown to exhibit antimicrobial activity, especially against fungi through apoptosis mediated cell death. In this study, we aimed to identify novel probable AMPs from Psacothea hilaris, the yellow spotted longicorn beetle. The beetle was immunized with the two bacterial strains (E. coli and S. aureus), and the yeast strain C. albicans. After immunization, total RNA was isolated and sequenced in Illumina platform. Then, beetle transcriptome was de novo assembled and searched for putative AMPs with the known physiochemical features of the AMPs. A selection of AMP candidates were synthesized and tested for antimicrobial activity. Four peptides showed stronger activity against E. coli than the control AMP, melittin while one peptide showed similar activity against S. aureus. Moreover, four peptides and two peptides showed antifungal activity stronger than and similar to melittin, respectively. Collectively one peptide showed both antibacterial and antifungal activity superior to melittin; thus, it provides a potent antimicrobial peptide. All the peptides showed no hemolysis in all the tested concentrations. These results suggest that in silico mining of insects’ transcriptome could be a promising tool to obtain and optimize novel AMPs for human needs.

scholarly journals Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens are antimicrobial.

1997 ◽  
Vol 41 (7) ◽  
pp. 1615-1617 ◽  
Author(s):  
K A Brogden ◽  
M Ackermann ◽  
K M Huttner
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Amino Terminus ◽  
Active Protein ◽  
Gram Negative ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Trypsinogen Activation ◽  
New Class ◽  
Precursor Proteins ◽  
Trypsinogen Activation Peptide ◽  
Activation Peptide

Some inactive precursor proteins, or zymogens, contain small, amino terminus, homopolymeric regions of Asp that neutralize the cationic charge of the active protein during synthesis. After posttranslational cleavage, the anionic propeptide fragment may exhibit antimicrobial activity. To demonstrate this, ovine trypsinogen activation peptide, and frog (Xenopus laevis) PYL activation peptide, both containing homopolymeric regions of Asp, were synthesized and tested against previously described surfactant-associated anionic peptide. Peptides inhibited the growth of both gram-negative (MIC, 0.08 to 3.00 mM) and gram-positive (MIC, 0.94 to 2.67 mM) bacteria. Small, anionic, and charge-neutralizing propeptide fragments of zymogens form a new class of host-derived antimicrobial peptides important in innate defense.

scholarly journals Solution Structure of a Novel Tryptophan-Rich Peptide with Bidirectional Antimicrobial Activity

2006 ◽  
Vol 188 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shu-Yi Wei ◽  
Jiun-Ming Wu ◽  
Yen-Ya Kuo ◽  
Heng-Li Chen ◽  
Bak-Sau Yip ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Solution Structure ◽  
Sodium Dodecyl ◽  
Hydrophobic Core ◽  
Peptide Backbone ◽  
Bacterial Membranes ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Membrane Mimetic ◽  
Helical Segment

ABSTRACT Trp-rich antimicrobial peptides play important roles in the host innate defense mechanisms of many plants, insects, and mammals. A new type of Trp-rich peptide, Ac-KWRRWVRWI-NH2, designated Pac-525, was found to possess improved activity against both gram-positive and -negative bacteria. We have determined that the solution structures of Pac-525 bound to membrane-mimetic sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) micelles. The SDS micelle-bound structure of Pac-525 adopts an α-helical segment at residues Trp2, Arg3, and Arg4. The positively charged residues are clustered together to form a hydrophilic patch. The three hydrophobic residues Trp2, Val6, and Ile9 form a hydrophobic core. The surface electrostatic potential map indicates the three tryptophan indole rings are packed against the peptide backbone and form an amphipathic structure. Moreover, the reverse sequence of Pac-525, Ac-IWRVWRRWK-NH2, designated Pac-525rev, also demonstrates similar antimicrobial activity and structure in membrane-mimetic micelles and vesicles. A variety of biophysical and biochemical methods, including circular dichroism, fluorescence spectroscopy, and microcalorimetry, were used to show that Pac-525 interacted strongly with negatively charged phospholipid vesicles and induced efficient dye release from these vesicles, suggesting that the antimicrobial activity of Pac-525 may be due to interactions with bacterial membranes.

scholarly journals The Double-Edged Sword of Beta2-Microglobulin in Antibacterial Properties and Amyloid Fibril-Mediated Cytotoxicity

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6330
Author(s):  
Shean-Jaw Chiou ◽  
Huey-Jiun Ko ◽  
Chi-Ching Hwang ◽  
Yi-Ren Hong
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Amyloid Fibrils ◽  
Amyloid Fibril ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocyte ◽  
Antibacterial Properties ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Surface Protein ◽  
Innate Defense ◽  
Wide Range

Beta2-microglobulin (B2M) a key component of major histocompatibility complex class I molecules, which aid cytotoxic T-lymphocyte (CTL) immune response. However, the majority of studies of B2M have focused only on amyloid fibrils in pathogenesis to the neglect of its role of antimicrobial activity. Indeed, B2M also plays an important role in innate defense and does not only function as an adjuvant for CTL response. A previous study discovered that human aggregated B2M binds the surface protein structure in Streptococci, and a similar study revealed that sB2M-9, derived from native B2M, functions as an antibacterial chemokine that binds Staphylococcus aureus. An investigation of sB2M-9 exhibiting an early lymphocyte recruitment in the human respiratory epithelium with bacterial challenge may uncover previously unrecognized aspects of B2M in the body’s innate defense against Mycobactrium tuberculosis. B2M possesses antimicrobial activity that operates primarily under pH-dependent acidic conditions at which B2M and fragmented B2M may become a nucleus seed that triggers self-aggregation into distinct states, such as oligomers and amyloid fibrils. Modified B2M can act as an antimicrobial peptide (AMP) against a wide range of microbes. Specifically, these AMPs disrupt microbe membranes, a feature similar to that of amyloid fibril mediated cytotoxicity toward eukaryotes. This study investigated two similar but nonidentical effects of B2M: the physiological role of B2M, in which it potentially acts against microbes in innate defense and the role of B2M in amyloid fibrils, in which it disrupts the membrane of pathological cells. Moreover, we explored the pH-governing antibacterial activity of B2M and acidic pH mediated B2M amyloid fibrils underlying such cytotoxicity.

Antimicrobial activity of withanolides from the leaves of Withania aristata

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
L Araujo ◽  
N Padilla ◽  
GG Llanos ◽  
IL Bazzocchi ◽  
L Moujir
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity

Antimicrobial activity of Eurycoma longifolia and Momordica charantia

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Łos ◽  
K Skalicka-Wozniak ◽  
J Widelski ◽  
A Malm ◽  
K Głowniak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Momordica Charantia ◽  
Eurycoma Longifolia

Antioxidant and antimicrobial activity of willow herb (Epilobium angustifolium L.)

Planta Medica ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 74 (09) ◽  
Author(s):  
I Kosalec ◽  
M Zovko ◽  
K Sankovic ◽  
D Kremer ◽  
S Pepeljnjak
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Epilobium Angustifolium ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activity
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document