Carbohydrates in Early Nutrition: Are There Effects in Later Life?

2015 ◽  
pp. 112-120
Author(s):  
F. -K. Gr�tte ◽  
R. Noack
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Early Nutrition

scholarly journals Effects of early nutrition and sanitary conditions on antibody levels in early and later life of broiler chickens

2021 ◽  
Vol 117 ◽  
pp. 103954
Author(s):  
M.S. Hollemans ◽  
G. de Vries Reilingh ◽  
S. de Vries ◽  
H.K. Parmentier ◽  
A. Lammers
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Antibody Levels ◽  
Sanitary Conditions

scholarly journals Development of the Immune System - Early Nutrition and Consequences for Later Life

10.5772/37902 ◽  
2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
JoAnn Kerperien ◽  
Bastiaan Schouten ◽  
Gnther Boehm ◽  
Linette E.M. ◽  
Johan Garssen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Nutrition

scholarly journals Early nutrition and leptin concentrations in later life

2002 ◽  
Vol 75 (6) ◽  
pp. 993-999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Singhal ◽  
I Sadaf Farooqi ◽  
Stephen O'Rahilly ◽  
Tim J Cole ◽  
Mary Fewtrell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Later Life ◽  
Early Nutrition

scholarly journals Realising the potential human development returns to investing in early and maternal nutrition: The importance of identifying and addressing constraints over the life course

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (10) ◽  
pp. e0000021
Author(s):  
Chris Desmond ◽  
Agnes Erzse ◽  
Kathryn Watt ◽  
Kate Ward ◽  
Marie-Louise Newell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Life Course ◽  
Human Development ◽  
School Quality ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Scale Up ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Height For Age ◽  
Years Of Schooling

The benefits of interventions which improve early nutrition are well recognised. These benefits, however, only accrue to the extent that later life circumstances allow. Consequently, in adverse contexts many of the benefits will never be realised, particularly for the most vulnerable, exacerbating inequality. Returns to investment in early nutrition could be improved if we identified contextual factors constraining their realisation and interventions to weaken these. We estimate cost and impact of scaling 10 nutrition interventions for a cohort of South African children born in 2021. We estimate associated declines in malnutrition and mortality, and improvements in years of schooling and future earnings. To examine the role of context over the life-course we estimate benefits with and without additional improvements in school quality and employment opportunities by socio-economic quintile. Scale up reduces national stunting (height for age < = -2SD) rates among children at 24 months by 3.18 percentage points, implying an increase in mean height for age z-score (HAZ) of 0.10, and 53,000 years of additional schooling. Quintile 1 (the poorest) displays the largest decline in stunting, and largest increase in mean HAZ. Estimated total cost of increasing coverage of the interventions for the cohort is US$90 million. The present value of the additional years of schooling is estimated at close to US$2 billion. Cost-benefit ratios suggest the highest return occurs in quintile 5 (1:23). Reducing inequality in school quality closes the gap between quintile 5 and the lower quintiles. If school quality and labour force participation were equal the highest returns are in quintile 1(1:31). An enabling environment is key to maximising human development returns from investing in early nutrition, and to avoid exacerbating existing inequality. Therefore, particularly for children in adverse conditions, it is essential to identify and implement complementary interventions over the life course.

scholarly journals Nutrition and neurodevelopment: mechanisms of developmental dysfunction and disease in later life

1999 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 231-253 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Dauncey ◽  
R. J. Bicknell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Performance ◽  
Brain Structure ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Drug Exposure ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Brain Structure And Function ◽  
Randomized Intervention ◽  
And Function

AbstractNutrition plays a central role in linking the fields of developmental neurobiology and cognitive neuroscience. It has a profound impact on the development of brain structure and function and malnutrition can result in developmental dysfunction and disease in later life. A number of diseases, including schizophrenia, may be related to neurodevelopmental insults such as malnutrition, hypoxia, viruses or in utero drug exposure. Some of the most significant findings on nutrition and neurodevelopment during the last three decades, and especially during the last few years, are discussed in this review. Attention is focused on the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms by which diet exerts its effects. Randomized intervention studies have revealed important effects of early nutrition on later cognitive development, and recent epidemiological findings show that both genetics and environment are risk factors for schizophrenia. Particularly important is the effect of early nutrition on development of the hippocampus, a brain structure important in establishing learning and memory, and hence for cognitive performance. A major aim of future research should be to elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying nutritionally-induced impairment of neurodevelopment and specifically to determine the mechanisms by which early nutritional experience affects later cognitive performance. Key research objectives should include: (1) increased understanding of mechanisms underlying the normal processes of ageing and neurodegenerative disorders; (2) assessment of the role of susceptibility genes in modulating the effects of early nutrition on neurodevelopment; and (3) development of nutritional and pharmaceutical strategies for preventing and/or ameliorating the adverse effects of early malnutrition on long-term programming.

scholarly journals The impact of early nutrition on the ageing trajectory

2014 ◽  
Vol 73 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-301 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jane L. Tarry-Adkins ◽  
Susan E. Ozanne
Keyword(s):  
Animal Models ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Developmental Programming ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Cellular Ageing ◽  
The Impact

Epidemiological studies, including those in identical twins, and in individualsin uteroduring periods of famine have provided robust evidence of strong correlations between low birth-weight and subsequent risk of disease in later life, including type 2 diabetes (T2D), CVD, and metabolic syndrome. These and studies in animal models have suggested that the early environment, especially early nutrition, plays an important role in mediating these associations. The concept of early life programming is therefore widely accepted; however the molecular mechanisms by which early environmental insults can have long-term effects on a cell and consequently the metabolism of an organism in later life, are relatively unclear. So far, these mechanisms include permanent structural changes to the organ caused by suboptimal levels of an important factor during a critical developmental period, changes in gene expression caused by epigenetic modifications (including DNA methylation, histone modification and microRNA) and permanent changes in cellular ageing. Many of the conditions associated with early-life nutrition are also those which have an age-associated aetiology. Recently, a common molecular mechanism in animal models of developmental programming and epidemiological studies has been development of oxidative stress and macromolecule damage, specifically DNA damage and telomere shortening. These are phenotypes common to accelerated cellular ageing. Thus, this review will encompass epidemiological and animal models of developmental programming with specific emphasis on cellular ageing and how these could lead to potential therapeutic interventions and strategies which could combat the burden of common age-associated disease, such as T2D and CVD.

scholarly journals Impact of Micronutrient Status during Pregnancy on Early Nutrition Programming

2019 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 269-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irene Cetin ◽  
Kai Bühling ◽  
Cansun Demir ◽  
Ashraf Kortam ◽  
Susan L. Prescott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Risk ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Nutrition Status ◽  
Early Nutrition ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Micronutrient Status

Background: Nutrition status prior to conception and during pregnancy and infancy seems to have an influence on the disease risk in adulthood (early nutrition/developmental programming). We aimed to review the current knowledge on the role of micronutrients in early nutrition programming and its implications for healthcare. Summary of Findings: Globally and even in high-income countries where a balanced diet is generally accessible, an inadequate maternal micronutrient status is common. This may induce health problems in the mother and foetus/newborn both immediately and in later life. Pregnant women and those who may become pregnant should aim to achieve a satisfactory micronutrient status from a well-balanced diet, and where necessary from additional supplements. Key Messages: We emphasise the need for a call to action for healthcare providers and policymakers to better educate women of child-bearing age regarding the short- and long-term benefits of an appropriate micronutrient status. The role of micronutrient status in early nutrition programming needs to be emphasized more to address the still limited awareness of the potential long-term health repercussions of suboptimal micronutrient supply during pregnancy.

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