Pathogenesis and Pathophysiology of Diarrheal Diseases Caused by Vibrio cholerae and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

2015 ◽  
pp. 53-63
Author(s):  
R. Bradley Sack
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Diarrheal Diseases

scholarly journals Enumeration of Gut-Homing β7-Positive, Pathogen-Specific Antibody-Secreting Cells in Whole Blood from Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli- and Vibrio cholerae-Infected Patients, Determined Using an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Spot Assay Technique

2015 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-36 ◽  
Author(s):  
Taufiqur Rahman Bhuiyan ◽  
Mohammad Rubel Hoq ◽  
Naoshin Sharmin Nishat ◽  
Deena Al Mahbuba ◽  
Rasheduzzaman Rashu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Elispot Assay ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Watery Diarrhea ◽  
Content Type ◽  
A Cell ◽  
Mucosal Immune Responses ◽  
Antibody Secreting Cells

ABSTRACTVibrio choleraeand enterotoxigenicEscherichia coli(ETEC) are noninvasive mucosal pathogens that cause acute watery diarrhea in people in developing countries. Direct assessment of the mucosal immune responses to these pathogens is problematic. Surrogate markers of local mucosal responses in blood are increasingly being studied to determine the mucosal immune responses after infection. However, the volume of blood available in children and infants has limited this approach. We assessed whether an approach that first isolates β7-positive cells from a small volume of blood would allow measurement of the antigen-specific immune responses in patients with cholera and ETEC infection. β7 is a cell surface marker associated with mucosal homing. We isolated β7-expressing cells from blood on days 2, 7, and 30 and used an enzyme-linked immunosorbent spot (ELISPOT) assay to assess the gut-homing antibody-secreting cells (ASCs) specific to pathogen antigens. Patients with ETEC diarrhea showed a significant increase in toxin-specific gut-homing ASCs at day 7 compared to the levels at days 2 and 30 after onset of illness and to the levels in healthy controls. Similar elevations of responses to the ETEC colonization factors (CFs) CS6 and CFA/I were observed in patients infected with CS6- and CFA/I-positive ETEC strains. Antigen-specific gut-homing ASCs to the B subunit of cholera toxin and cholera-specific lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were also observed on day 7 after the onset of cholera using this approach. This study demonstrates that a simple ELISPOT assay can be used to study the mucosal immunity to specific antigens using a cell-sorting protocol to isolate mucosal homing cells, facilitating measurement of mucosal responses in children following infection or vaccination.

scholarly journals Impact of Rapid Urbanization on the Rates of Infection by Vibrio cholerae O1 and Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli in Dhaka, Bangladesh

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. e999 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fahima Chowdhury ◽  
Mohammad Arif Rahman ◽  
Yasmin A. Begum ◽  
Ashraful I. Khan ◽  
Abu S. G. Faruque ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Rapid Urbanization ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae O1

Expression of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli colonization factors in Vibrio cholerae

Vaccine ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 24 (20) ◽  
pp. 4354-4368 ◽  
Author(s):  
Didier Favre ◽  
Stefan Lüdi ◽  
Michael Stoffel ◽  
Joachim Frey ◽  
Michael P. Horn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Colonization Factors
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