The Effects of Combined Radiation Therapy and Chemotherapy on the Immune Response

2015 ◽  
pp. 219-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Markoe
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy

scholarly journals Combining PARP inhibition, radiation, and immunotherapy: A possible strategy to improve the treatment of cancer?

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (12) ◽  
pp. 3793 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mathieu Césaire ◽  
Juliette Thariat ◽  
Serge M. Candéias ◽  
Dinu Stefan ◽  
Yannick Saintigny ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Ionizing Radiation ◽  
Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes ◽  
Tumor Antigens ◽  
Checkpoint Inhibitors ◽  
Parp Inhibitors ◽  
Antitumor Immune Response ◽  
Parp Inhibition

Immunotherapy has revolutionized the practice of oncology, improving survival in certain groups of patients with cancer. Immunotherapy can synergize with radiation therapy, increase locoregional control, and have abscopal effects. Combining it with other treatments, such as targeted therapies, is a promising means of improving the efficacy of immunotherapy. Because the value of immunotherapy is amplified with the expression of tumor antigens, coupling poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and immunotherapy might be a promising treatment for cancer. Further, PARP inhibitors (PARPis) are being combined with radiation therapy to inhibit DNA repair functions, thus enhancing the effects of radiation; this association might interact with the antitumor immune response. Cytotoxic T lymphocytes are central to the antitumor immune response. PARP inhibitors and ionizing radiation can enhance the infiltration of cytotoxic T lymphocytes into the tumor bed, but they can also enhance PD-1/PDL-1 expression. Thus, the addition of immune checkpoint inhibitors with PARP inhibitors and/or ionizing radiation could counterbalance such immunosuppressive effects. With the present review article, we proposed to evaluate some of these associated therapies, and we explored the biological mechanisms and medical benefits of the potential combination of radiation therapy, immunotherapy, and PARP inhibitors.

Hafnium Oxide Nanoparticle Activated By Radiation Therapy Generates an Anti-Tumor Immune Response

2018 ◽  
Vol 102 (3) ◽  
pp. S204-S205 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Galon ◽  
M. Laé ◽  
J.O. Thariat ◽  
S. Carrere ◽  
Z. Papai ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Hafnium Oxide ◽  
Oxide Nanoparticle

Current Concepts of Tumor Immunology III. Immune Therapy

1978 ◽  
Vol 87 (1) ◽  
pp. 138-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charles J. Krause ◽  
John O. Nysather
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Tumor Cells ◽  
Tumor Immunology ◽  
Normal Tissue ◽  
Immune Therapy ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Adjacent Normal Tissue ◽  
Immune Response To Cancer ◽  
Treatment Surgery

It is apparent that development of consistently effective methods of immunotherapy must await a more thorough understanding of the immune response to cancer. However, even those forms of immunotherapy which have been developed to date indicate a tremendous potential. It appears that immunotherapy may be most useful as an adjuvant to established forms of treatment. Surgery, radiation therapy and/or chemotherapy are used to remove all of the gross tumor, with immune therapy then employed to destroy the small foci of tumor which remain. As methods are developed which are effective in counteracting the immunosuppression of tumors, other means of immunotherapy may be found which are capable of destroying tumor cells while not affecting the adjacent normal tissue. Thus, the future of immune therapy holds great promise. As more is learned about the immune response to cancer, advances in therapy will certainly follow.

Role of Immune Response in the Prognosis of Carcinoma of the Uterine Cervix: Can in Vitro Analysis Provide a better Framework for more Effective Management?

1992 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Radhakrishna Pillai ◽  
Prabha Balaram ◽  
M. Krishnan Nair
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
Cervical Carcinoma ◽  
Uterine Cervix ◽  
Surgical Techniques ◽  
Staging System ◽  
The United States ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Vitro Analysis

Cancer of the uterine cervix is the single largest female malignancy in India and also remains a major problem facing oncologists in other parts of the world. While advances in radiation therapy and surgical techniques have made the treatment of cervical carcinoma impressive, limitations to successful management still remain. In fact, the 5-year survival rate, stage for stage, has not improved in the United States or world wide in the past 40 years. With an estimated half a million women developing this disease annually, this lack of improved survival poses an international unresolved health problem. Immune response has been shown to be a major factor involved In the course of the disease for this cancer. Immunologic monitoring was also shown to be of effective value in assessing the prognosis for cervical carcinoma. We studied the various immunologic abnormalities in cervical cancer, the effects of radiation therapy on immune function, prospects of an immunologic staging system, the relationship between human papillomavirus infection and the Immune response, and the possibility of using in vitro Immunologic assessment to provide a better framework for more effective management of cancer of the uterine cervix.

scholarly journals Three discipline collaborative radiation therapy (3DCRT) special debate: The single most important factor in determining the future of SBRT is immune response

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (10) ◽  
pp. 6-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clemens Grassberger ◽  
Kathryn Huber ◽  
Naduparambil K. Jacob ◽  
Michael D. Green ◽  
Peter Mahler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
The Future

Randomized phase II trial of sipuleucel-T immunotherapy preceded by sensitizing radiation therapy and sipuleucel-t alone in patients with metastatic castrate resistant prostate cancer.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 222-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
Przemyslaw Twardowski ◽  
Jeffrey Y.C. Wong ◽  
Sumanta K. Pal ◽  
Paul Henry Frankel ◽  
Kelly Franklin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Radiation Therapy ◽  
T Cell Activation ◽  
Cell Activation ◽  
Activation Parameters ◽  
Progression Free Survival ◽  
Prostatic Acid Phosphatase ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castrate Resistant

222 Background: Sipuleucel-T (sip-T) is an autologous cellular vaccine indicated for patients (pts) with asymptomatic or minimally symptomatic metastatic castration resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Since radiation therapy (RT) can suppress the bone marrow function and immune response, previous studies evaluating sip-T excluded pts who received RT less than or equal to 28 days prior to sip-T therapy. Recent evidence suggests that RT may act synergistically with immunotherapy to enhance and broaden antitumor immune response. Methods: Pts who met standard criteria for sip-T were randomized to receive sip-T alone (Arm A) or sip-T initiated 1 week after completing sensitizing RT to single metastatic site (Arm B). RT was delivered at 300cGy/day to 3000 cGy total. The primary endpoint was the ability to safely combine sip-T preceded by RT and generate sip-T product with adequate immune activation parameters. Secondary endpoints included the measurement of immune responses to prostatic acid phosphatase (PAP) and PA20204 (recombinant fusion protein utilized in the generation of sip-T). Results: 51 pts were enrolled, 2 did not receive any sip-T because of vascular access problems and were excluded. 24 were treated on Arm A, 25 on Arm B. 47/49 pts received all 3 sip-T infusions. Median age was 66 yrs (range 45-90). Sip-T product parameters including: total nucleated cell (TNC) count, antigen presenting cell (APC) count and APC activation were similar in both groups. 2 pts on Arm A demonstrated PSA response. Median progression free survival (PFS) was 3.0 months on Arm A and 4.6 months on Arm B (p = 0.19). Both arms showed similar increases in humoral responses to PA2024 and PAP. IFN-ƴ ELISPOT T-cell activation responses to PA20204 were observed in both arms, but were more robust in the Arm A (p = 0.04). Both arms were well-tolerated, with fatigue as the most common grade 2 adverse event (1 pt in Arm A and 3 pts in Arm B). Conclusions: Sensitizing RT completed 1 week before generation of sip-T did not affect product parameters and the ability to deliver sip-T therapy. RT did not enhance the humoral and cellular responses associated with sip-T therapy. Clinical trial information: NCT01807065.

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