Foot Disorders of Female Marathon Runners before and after a Marathon Race

2015 ◽  
pp. 216-219
Author(s):  
G. Br�ggemann ◽  
W. Koring
Keyword(s):  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Before And After

Evolution of the slopes of ST2 and galectin-3 during marathon and ultratrail running compared to a control group

2020 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-321
Author(s):  
Caroline Le Goff ◽  
Jean-François Kaux ◽  
Jordi Farre Segura ◽  
Violeta Stojkovic ◽  
Arnaud Ancion ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Recovery Time ◽  
Cardiac Fibrosis ◽  
Cardiac Biomarkers ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiac Damage ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Recreational Runners

AbstractBackgroundPrevious studies have suggested that exercising may induce cardiac damage. Galectin-3 (Gal-3) and soluble suppression of tumorigenicity 2 (ST2) are very interesting biomarkers for heart failure and myocardial fibrosis. We aimed to compare the kinetics of emerging fibrosis cardiac biomarkers as Gal-3 and ST-2 in endurance runners, and recreational runners before and after a running event represented by a marathon and an ultratrail event.MethodsBlood samples were taken from 19 healthy non-elite marathon runners (42 km), 27 ultratour runners (67 km), and 14 recreational runners who represented the control group (10 km) just before the run (T0), just after (T1) and 3 h after (T2), in order to analyze Gal-3, ST2, hsTnT, NT-proBNP, CKMB and hsCRP. We compared the percentage of evolution and the slopes obtained from T0 to T1 (pT0T1) and from T1 to T2 (pT1T2), between the different groups of runners participating in three different races.ResultsPlasma cardiac biomarker concentrations increased significantly from baseline to immediately post-exercise and most of the time decreased over the subsequent 3-h period. For pT0T1 and pT1T2, the markers Gal-3 and ST2 showed a significant difference between types of run (p < 0.05 and p < 0.0001, respectively). During the recovery time, Gal-3 returned to the baseline values but not ST2 which continued to increase.ConclusionsGal-3 and ST2 are considered as a reflection of cardiac fibrosis and remodeling. The evolution of both was different, particularly after the recovery time. ST2 values exceeding cutoff values at any time.

Fatigue-Related Changes in Running Gait Patterns Persist in the Days Following a Marathon Race

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (7) ◽  
pp. 934-941 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian A. Clermont ◽  
Andrew J. Pohl ◽  
Reed Ferber
Keyword(s):  
Musculoskeletal Pain ◽  
Center Of Mass ◽  
Vertical Direction ◽  
Measurement Unit ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Gait Patterns ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Track Surface ◽  
Running Biomechanics

Context: The risk of experiencing an overuse running-related injury can increase with atypical running biomechanics associated with neuromuscular fatigue and/or training errors. While it is important to understand the changes in running biomechanics within a fatigue-inducing run, it may be more clinically relevant to assess gait patterns in the days following a marathon to better evaluate the effects of inadequate recovery on injury. Objective: To use center of mass (CoM) acceleration patterns to investigate changes in running patterns prior to (PRE) and at 2 (POST2) and 7 (POST7) days following a marathon race. Design: Pre–post intervention study. Setting: A 200-m oval track surface. Participants: Seventeen recreational marathon runners (10 females, age = 34.2 [5.67] y; 7 males, age = 47.41 [15.32] y). Intervention: Marathon race. Main Outcome Measures: An inertial measurement unit was placed near the CoM to collect triaxial acceleration data during overground running for PRE, POST2, and POST7 sessions. Twenty-two features were extracted from the acceleration waveforms to characterize different aspects of running gait. Lower-limb musculoskeletal pain was also recorded at each session with a visual analog scale. Results: At POST2, runners reported higher self-reported pain and exhibited elevated peak mediolateral acceleration with an increased mediolateral ratio of acceleration root mean square compared with PRE. At POST7, pain was reduced and more similar to PRE, with runners demonstrating increased stride regularity in the vertical direction and decreased peak resultant acceleration. Conclusions: The observed changes in CoM motion at POST2 may be associated with atypical running biomechanics that can translate to greater mediolateral impulses, potentially increasing the risk of injury. This study demonstrates the use of an accelerometer as an effective tool to detect atypical CoM motion for runners due to fatigue, recovery, and musculoskeletal pain in real-world environments.

Acute Changes in Vitamin B6, Status in Endurance Athletes before and after a Marathon

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 154-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lothar Rokitzki ◽  
Andree N. Sagredos ◽  
Friedrich Reuß ◽  
Michael Büchner ◽  
Josef Keul
Keyword(s):  
Reference Values ◽  
Whole Blood ◽  
Serum Vitamin ◽  
Endurance Athletes ◽  
Blood Levels ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Balanced Diet ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Acute Changes

The vitamin status of 13 endurance athletes was determined by whole blood (microbiological) and urine 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA) (HPLC), serum vitamin (pyridoxal, pyridoxol, pyridoxamin) (HPLC), and erythrocyte α- EGOT measurements with the aid of 7-day records. In addition, blood and serum samples and urine were collected before (Time A), directly after (Time B), and 2 hr after a marathon race (Time C). The total energy intake was 12,303 ± 3,464 Wday (34% fat, 48% carbohydrates, 14% protein). The vitamin intake, serum concentrations, α-EGOT value, and 4-PA excretion were higher than the reference values at Time A. Only the vitamin whole blood levels were below the normal level at Time A. The vitamin B, status of the athletes corresponded essentially to reference values obtained for untrained individuals. There was a mean loss of about 1 mg vitamin as a result of the marathon race. Vitamin supplementation does not appear necessary if a balanced diet is consumed.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of the Psychological Intervention in Amateur Male Marathon Runners

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jose C. Jaenes ◽  
Dominika Wilczyńska ◽  
David Alarcón ◽  
Rafael Peñaloza ◽  
Arturo Casado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Perceived Stress ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Psychological Intervention ◽  
Skills Training ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Psychological Skills ◽  
Psychological Skills Training ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Before And After

Background: The Marathon runners must have the proper technical preparation to reach excellence and to achieve adequate psychological preparation for the race. Against this background, the current study aims to describe the implementation results of a cognitive-behavioral intervention based on psychological skills training for marathon runners.Methods: Fourteen amateur male marathoners with an average age of 30 (SD = 5.75) were trained with various emotional and cognitive control techniques to enhance their performance in competition. Various psychological variables, related to the subjects level of perceived stress, and to qualitative characteristics of their thoughts were measured before and after the target marathon race. Results were analyzed through non-parametric tests for two related samples. The Cohen's d effect size for single-group pretest-posttest repeated measures were also performed.Results: Statistical analysis reveals that, controlling for age and running experience, the intervention decreased significantly the level of perceived stress and the occurrence of negative thoughts before the race, during, and after the race.Conclusion: Training in cognitive control and relaxation techniques, as part of the psychological skills training could determine the quality of performance of marathon runners.

scholarly journals Continuous Protein Supplementation Reduces Acute Exercise-Induced Stress Markers in Athletes Performing Marathon

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2929
Author(s):  
Martin Röhling ◽  
David McCarthy ◽  
Aloys Berg
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Daily Intake ◽  
Endurance Performance ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Induced Stress ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Muscle Stress ◽  
Exercise Induced

The aim of this study was to determine the changes in endurance performance and metabolic, hormonal, and inflammatory markers induced by endurance stress (marathon race) in a combined strategy of training and dietary protein supplementation. The study was designed as a randomised controlled trial consisting of regular endurance training without and with a daily intake of a soy protein-based supplement over a three-month period in 2 × 15 (10 males and 5 females per group) endurance-trained adults. Body composition (body mass, BMI, and fat mass) was determined, and physical fitness was measured by treadmill ergometry at baseline and after 3 months of intervention; changes in exercise-induced stress and inflammatory markers (CK, myoglobin, interleukin-6, cortisol, and leukocytes) were also determined before and after a marathon competition; eating behaviour was documented before and after intervention by a three-day diet diary. Although no significant influence on endurance performance was observed, the protein supplementation regime reduced the exercise-induced muscle stress response. Furthermore, a protein intake of ≥20% of total energy intake led to a lower-level stress reaction after the marathon race. In conclusion, supplementary protein intake may influence exercise-induced muscle stress reactions by changing cellular metabolism and inflammatory pathways.

scholarly journals Development and Validation of Prediction Equation of “Athens Authentic Marathon” Men’s Race Speed

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pantelis T. Nikolaidis ◽  
Thomas Rosemann ◽  
Beat Knechtle
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass ◽  
Prediction Equation ◽  
Physiological Characteristics ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Running Speed ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Race Time ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Weekly Training

AimDespite the increasing popularity of outdoor endurance running races of different distances, little information exists about the role of training and physiological characteristics of recreational runners. The aim of the present study was (a) to examine the role of training and physiological characteristics on the performance of recreational marathon runners and (b) to develop a prediction equation of men’s race time in the “Athens Authentic Marathon.”MethodsRecreational male marathon runners (n = 130, age 44.1 ± 8.6 years)—who finished the “Athens Authentic Marathon” 2017—performed a series of anthropometry and physical fitness tests including body mass index (BMI), body fat percentage (BF), maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max), anaerobic power, squat, and countermovement jump. The variation of these characteristics was examined by quintiles (i.e., five groups consisting of 26 participants in each) of the race speed. An experimental group (EXP, n = 65) was used to develop a prediction equation of the race time, which was verified in a control group (CON, n = 65).ResultsIn the overall sample, a one-way ANOVA showed a main effect of quintiles on race speed on weekly training days and distance, age, body weight, BMI, BF, and VO2max (p ≤ 0.003, η2 ≥ 0.121), where the faster groups outscored the slower groups. Running speed during the race correlated moderately with age (r = −0.36, p &lt; 0.001) and largely with the number of weekly training days (r = 0.52, p &lt; 0.001) and weekly running distance (r = 0.58, p &lt; 0.001), but not with the number of previously finished marathons (r = 0.08, p = 0.369). With regard to physiological characteristics, running speed correlated largely with body mass (r = −0.52, p &lt; 0.001), BMI (r = −0.60, p &lt; 0.001), BF (r = −0.65, p &lt; 0.001), VO2max (r = 0.67, p &lt; 0.001), moderately with isometric muscle strength (r = 0.42, p &lt; 0.001), and small with anaerobic muscle power (r = 0.20, p = 0.021). In EXP, race speed could be predicted (R2 = 0.61, standard error of the estimate = 1.19) using the formula “8.804 + 0.111 × VO2max + 0.029 × weekly training distance in km −0.218 × BMI.” Applying this equation in CON, no bias was observed (difference between observed and predicted value 0.12 ± 1.09 km/h, 95% confidence intervals −0.15, 0.40, p = 0.122).ConclusionThese findings highlighted the role of aerobic capacity, training, and body mass status for the performance of recreational male runners in a marathon race. The findings would be of great practical importance for coaches and trainers to predict the average marathon race time in a specific group of runners.

scholarly journals Exploring the Anthropometric, Cardiorespiratory, and Haematological Determinants of Marathon Performance

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Georgios A. Christou ◽  
Efstathios D. Pagourelias ◽  
Asterios P. Deligiannis ◽  
Evangelia J. Kouidi
Keyword(s):  
Blood Test ◽  
Minute Ventilation ◽  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Testing ◽  
Multivariate Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Haemoglobin Mass ◽  
Marathon Performance

AimWe aimed to investigate the main anthropometric, cardiorespiratory and haematological factors that can determine marathon race performance in marathon runners.MethodsForty-five marathon runners (36 males, age: 42 ± 10 years) were examined during the training period for a marathon race. Assessment of training characteristics, anthropometric measurements, including height, body weight (n = 45) and body fat percentage (BF%) (n = 33), echocardiographic study (n = 45), cardiopulmonary exercise testing using treadmill ergometer (n = 33) and blood test (n = 24) were performed. We evaluated the relationships of these measurements with the personal best marathon race time (MRT) within a time frame of one year before or after the evaluation of each athlete.ResultsThe training age regarding long-distance running was 9 ± 7 years. Training volume was 70 (50–175) km/week. MRT was 4:02:53 ± 00:50:20 h. The MRT was positively associated with BF% (r = 0.587, p = 0.001). Among echocardiographic parameters, MRT correlated negatively with right ventricular end-diastolic area (RVEDA) (r = −0.716, p &lt; 0.001). RVEDA was the only independent echocardiographic predictor of MRT. With regard to respiratory parameters, MRT correlated negatively with maximum minute ventilation indexed to body surface area (VEmax/BSA) (r = −0.509, p = 0.003). Among parameters of blood test, MRT correlated negatively with haemoglobin concentration (r = −0.471, p = 0.027) and estimated haemoglobin mass (Hbmass) (r = −0.680, p = 0.002). After performing multivariate linear regression analysis with MRT as dependent variable and BF% (standardised β = 0.501, p = 0.021), RVEDA (standardised β = −0.633, p = 0.003), VEmax/BSA (standardised β = 0.266, p = 0.303) and Hbmass (standardised β = −0.308, p = 0.066) as independent variables, only BF% and RVEDA were significant independent predictors of MRT (adjusted R2 = 0.796, p &lt; 0.001 for the model).ConclusionsThe main physiological determinants of better marathon performance appear to be low BF% and RV enlargement. Upregulation of both maximum minute ventilation during exercise and haemoglobin mass may have a weaker effect to enhance marathon performance.Clinical Trial Registrationwww.ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT04738877.

Leukocyte, neutrophil, immature granulocyte counts and interleukin-6 are superior to procalcitonin, C-reactive protein and delta-He for detection of mild inflammation: data from marathon runners producing mild systemic inflammation visible immediately after the run / Leukozyten, Neutrophile, unreife Granulozyten und Interleukin-6 sind zum Nachweis geringgradiger Entzündungen Procalcitonin, C-reaktivem Protein und Delta-He überlegen: Ergebnisse aus einer Untersuchung von Marathonläufern

2010 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreas Weimann ◽  
Andreas Lun ◽  
Sebastian Lun ◽  
Mathias Zimmermann ◽  
Adrian C. Borges ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interleukin 6 ◽  
C Reactive Protein ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Reactive Protein ◽  
Surface Molecules ◽  
Marathon Race ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Immature Granulocyte ◽  
Diagnostic Sensitivity And Specificity ◽  
Haemoglobin Content

AbstractImmature granulocytes (IGs) and differences between reticulocyte and erythrocyte haemoglobin content (delta-He) are now available as modern parameters on routine haematology analysers for detecting inflammation. Are these markers more suitable to detect mild inflammation when compared with traditional inflammation markers such as leukocyte count, C-reactive protein (CRP), procalcitonin (PCT), interleukin-6 (IL-6) or diverse leukocyte surface molecules mainly used in research programs? To answer this question, a marathon race was used as a model of mild inflammation. Full blood counts, CRP, PCT, IL-6, expression of surface molecules on granulocytes, monocytes and lymphocytes were measured before and immediately after the race (inflammatory state) and were compared with each other. A further blood sample was taken after a 10-day rest. In the inflammatory state leukocytes, neutrophil counts and IL-6 concentration were considerably increased compared with basic conditions. Diagnostic sensitivity and specificity came up to 100%. CRP was not increased and delta-He did not drop to negative values, as it occurs in severe inflammation. Leukocyte surface molecules were able to indicate a mild inflammatory state induced by the marathon race, but these markers did not achieve the same discriminatory power when compared with IL-6 levels or neutrophil count. In conclusion, leukocytes, neutrophils and IG counts as well as IL-6 levels are the best indicators in a mild inflammation model similar to a marathon race.

scholarly journals Marathon-Induced Cardiac Strain as Model for the Evaluation of Diagnostic microRNAs for Acute Myocardial Infarction

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 5
Author(s):  
Omid Shirvani Samani ◽  
Johannes Scherr ◽  
Elham Kayvanpour ◽  
Jan Haas ◽  
David H. Lehmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Myocardial Infarction ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Organ Specificity ◽  
Diagnostic Specificity ◽  
Stress Injury ◽  
Marathon Runners ◽  
Cardiac Strain ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Serum Micrornas

Background: The current gold standard biomarker for myocardial infarction (MI), cardiac troponin (cTn), is recognized for its high sensitivity and organ specificity; however, it lacks diagnostic specificity. Numerous studies have introduced circulating microRNAs as potential biomarkers for MI. This study investigates the MI-specificity of these serum microRNAs by investigating myocardial stress/injury due to strenuous exercise. Methods: MicroRNA biomarkers were retrieved by comprehensive review of 109 publications on diagnostic serum microRNAs for MI. MicroRNA levels were first measured by next-generation sequencing in pooled sera from runners (n = 46) before and after conducting a full competitive marathon. Hereafter, reverse transcription quantitative real-time PCR (qPCR) of 10 selected serum microRNAs in 210 marathon runners was performed (>10,000 qPCR measurements). Results: 27 potential diagnostic microRNA for MI were retrieved by the literature review. Eight microRNAs (miR-1-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-26a-5p, miR-122-5p, miR-133a-3p, miR-142-5p, miR-191-5p, miR-486-3p) showed positive correlations with cTnT in marathon runners, whereas two miRNAs (miR-134-5p and miR-499a-5p) showed no correlations. Upregulation of miR-133a-3p (p = 0.03) and miR-142-5p (p = 0.01) went along with elevated cTnT after marathon. Conclusion: Some MI-associated microRNAs (e.g., miR-133a-3p and miR-142-5p) have similar kinetics under strenuous exercise and MI as compared to cTnT, which suggests that their diagnostic specificity could be limited. In contrast, several MI-associated microRNAs (miR-26a-5p, miR-134-5p, miR-191-5p) showed different release behavior; hence, combining cTnT with these microRNAs within a multi-marker strategy may add diagnostic accuracy in MI.

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