Effects of Training Intensity on Cardiac Output in Young Women

2015 ◽  
pp. 148-154
Author(s):  
D. Massicotte ◽  
G. Avon
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Training Intensity

Aerobic power as a factor in women's response to work in hot environments

1976 ◽  
Vol 41 (6) ◽  
pp. 815-821 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Drinkwater ◽  
J. E. Denton ◽  
I. C. Kupprat ◽  
T. S. Talag ◽  
S. M. Horvath
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Women Athletes ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Aerobic Power ◽  
Peripheral Blood Flow ◽  
Evaporative Heat Loss ◽  
Work Period ◽  
Severe Heat Stress ◽  
Hot Environments ◽  
Lower Cardiac Output

Twelve young women, athletes (n = 6) and nonathletes (n = 6), walked on a treadmill at loads equivalent to approximately 30% Vo2 max for two 50-minperiods in three environments: 1) 28 degrees C, 45% rh, 2) 35 degrees C, 65% rh, and 3) 48 degrees C, 10% rh. There were no differences between groupsin rectal temperature, heart rate, evaporative heat loss, or mean skin temperature at 28 or 35 degrees C or during the first work period in the 48 degrees C environment. However, a significantly lower cardiac output (Q) andstroke volume (SV) observed for nonathletes by the 46th min of work at 48 degrees C may explain why no nonathletes were able to complete a 2nd h of workwhile four of six athletes successfully finished the period. It appearsthatin conditions of severe heat stress (48 degrees C) athletes were able to maintain a cardiac output sufficient to meet the metabolic requirements and the large increase in peripheral blood flow for a longer period of time thannonathletes.

Physiological Responses to Prolonged Exercise in Premenarcheal and Adult Females

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Rowland ◽  
Tasha A. Rimany
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Load Cycling ◽  
Steady Load

This study compared aerobic, cardiac, and ventilatory changes in 11 premenarcheal girls ages 9–13 years with those of 13 women ages 20–31 during 40 min of steady-load cycling at an intensity of 63% VO2max. Forty-five percent of the girls were cycling above their ventilatory anaerobic threshold, compared to 77% of the women. Between 10 and 40 min of exercise, mean VO2 increased 8.6% (SD = 3.8) and 8.3% (SD = 6.3) in the girls and women, respectively (p > .05), with no significant differences in rise in body temperature. Pattern and magnitude of ventilatory drift (increased VE and respiratory rate with fall in tidal volume) were similar in the two groups. Likewise, the rise in cardiac output and heart rate (with no change in stroke volume) was not significantly different in the two groups. These findings indicate that physiological responses to prolonged aerobic exercise are both quantitatively and qualitatively similar in girls and young women.

scholarly journals Neurovascular control of blood pressure is influenced by aging, sex, and sex hormones

2016 ◽  
Vol 311 (6) ◽  
pp. R1271-R1275 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah E. Baker ◽  
Jacqueline K. Limberg ◽  
Sushant M. Ranadive ◽  
Michael J. Joyner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Sex Hormones ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Inverse Relationship ◽  
Contraceptive Use ◽  
Muscle Sympathetic Nerve Activity ◽  
Menopausal Status ◽  
Contributing Factors ◽  
Oral Contraceptive Use

In this review, we highlight that the relationship between muscle sympathetic nerve activity (MSNA) and mean arterial pressure is complex, differs by sex, and changes with age. In young men there is an inverse relationship between MSNA and cardiac output where high MSNA is compensated for by low cardiac output. This inverse relationship is not seen in older men. In young women sympathetic vasoconstriction is offset by β-adrenoreceptor mediated vasodilation, limiting the ability of young women to maintain blood pressure in response to orthostatic stress. However, β-mediated dilation in women is attenuated with age, leading to unopposed α-adrenergic vasoconstriction and a rise in the direct transduction of MSNA into increases in blood pressure. We propose that these changes with age and menopausal status are major contributing factors in the increased prevalence of hypertension in older women. In addition to aging, we highlight that changes in sex hormones in young women (across the menstrual cycle, with oral contraceptive use, or with pregnancy) influence MSNA and the transduction of MSNA into increases in blood pressure. It is likely that the β-adrenergic receptors and/or changes in baroreflex sensitivity play a large role in these sex differences and changes with alterations in sex hormones.

scholarly journals Sex differences in carotid baroreflex control of arterial blood pressure in humans: relative contribution of cardiac output and total vascular conductance

2011 ◽  
Vol 301 (6) ◽  
pp. H2454-H2465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Areum Kim ◽  
Shekhar H. Deo ◽  
Lauro C. Vianna ◽  
George M. Balanos ◽  
Doreen Hartwich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Vascular Conductance ◽  
Baroreflex Control ◽  
Relative Contribution ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Carotid Baroreflex ◽  
Neck Pressure

It is presently unknown whether there are sex differences in the magnitude of blood pressure (BP) responses to baroreceptor perturbation or if the relative contribution of cardiac output (CO) and total vascular conductance (TVC) to baroreflex-mediated changes in BP differs in young women and men. Since sympathetic vasoconstrictor tone is attenuated in women, we hypothesized that carotid baroreflex-mediated BP responses would be attenuated in women by virtue of a blunted vascular response (i.e., an attenuated TVC response). BP, heart rate (HR), and stroke volume were continuously recorded during the application of 5-s pulses of neck pressure (NP; carotid hypotension) and neck suction (NS; carotid hypertension) ranging from +40 to −80 Torr in women ( n = 20, 21 ± 0.5 yr) and men ( n = 20, 21 ± 0.4 yr). CO and TVC were calculated on a beat-to-beat basis. Women demonstrated greater depressor responses to NS (e.g., −60 Torr, −17 ± 1%baseline in women vs. −11 ± 1%baseline in men, P < 0.05), which were driven by augmented decreases in HR that, in turn, contributed to larger reductions in CO (−60 Torr, −15 ± 2%baseline in women vs. −6 ± 2%baseline in men, P < 0.05). In contrast, pressor responses to NP were similar in women and men (e.g., +40 Torr, +14 ± 2%baseline in women vs. +10 ± 1%baseline in men, P > 0.05), with TVC being the primary mediating factor in both groups. Our findings indicate that sex differences in the baroreflex control of BP are evident during carotid hypertension but not carotid hypotension. Furthermore, in contrast to our hypothesis, young women exhibited greater BP responses to carotid hypertension by virtue of a greater cardiac responsiveness.

Severe Paradoxical Dysphonia in Two Young Women

1993 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 52-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Collins ◽  
Robert McDonald ◽  
Robert Stanley ◽  
Timothy Donovan ◽  
C. Frank Bonebrake
Keyword(s):  
Young Women ◽  
Theoretical Basis ◽  
Therapeutic Regimen ◽  
Instrumental Data ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

This report describes an unusual and persistent dysphonia in two young women who had taken a therapeutic regimen of isotretinoin for intractable acne. We report perceptual and instrumental data for their dysphonia, and pose a theoretical basis for the relationship of dysphonia to this drug. We also provide recommendations for reducing the risk of acquiring a dysphonia during the course of treatment with isotretinoin.

What Do We Want Them To Be When They Grow Up?

2010 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31
Author(s):  
Lyn Robertson
Keyword(s):  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Social Development ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Hearing Aids ◽  
Test Scores ◽  
Spoken Language ◽  
Language Therapy ◽  
Profound Hearing Loss ◽  
Children With Hearing Loss ◽  
Learning To Listen

Abstract Learning to listen and speak are well-established preludes for reading, writing, and succeeding in mainstream educational settings. Intangibles beyond the ubiquitous test scores that typically serve as markers for progress in children with hearing loss are embedded in descriptions of the educational and social development of four young women. All were diagnosed with severe-to-profound or profound hearing loss as toddlers, and all were fitted with hearing aids and given listening and spoken language therapy. Compiling stories across the life span provides insights into what we can be doing in the lives of young children with hearing loss.

Chronic Disease of the Liver in Young Women: An Evaluation of Patients with a Negative Clot Test for Lupus Erythematosus

1962 ◽  
Vol 43 (5) ◽  
pp. 532-538 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clarence P. Alfrey ◽  
Lloyd G. Bartholomew ◽  
James C. Cain ◽  
Archie H. Baggbnstoss
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Disease ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus
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