Physiological Responses to Prolonged Exercise in Premenarcheal and Adult Females

1995 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 183-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas W. Rowland ◽  
Tasha A. Rimany
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Temperature Pattern ◽  
Adult Females ◽  
Ventilatory Anaerobic Threshold ◽  
Load Cycling ◽  
Steady Load

This study compared aerobic, cardiac, and ventilatory changes in 11 premenarcheal girls ages 9–13 years with those of 13 women ages 20–31 during 40 min of steady-load cycling at an intensity of 63% VO2max. Forty-five percent of the girls were cycling above their ventilatory anaerobic threshold, compared to 77% of the women. Between 10 and 40 min of exercise, mean VO2 increased 8.6% (SD = 3.8) and 8.3% (SD = 6.3) in the girls and women, respectively (p > .05), with no significant differences in rise in body temperature. Pattern and magnitude of ventilatory drift (increased VE and respiratory rate with fall in tidal volume) were similar in the two groups. Likewise, the rise in cardiac output and heart rate (with no change in stroke volume) was not significantly different in the two groups. These findings indicate that physiological responses to prolonged aerobic exercise are both quantitatively and qualitatively similar in girls and young women.

scholarly journals Effects of Walking in a Forest on Young Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chorong Song ◽  
Harumi Ikei ◽  
Takahide Kagawa ◽  
Yoshifumi Miyazaki
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Young Women ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Nervous Activity ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Sympathetic Nervous Activity ◽  
Relaxation Effects ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Total Mood Disturbance ◽  
Negative Feelings

The effects of forest activities on health promotion have received increasing attention. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physiological and psychological effects of brief walks in forests on young women. The experiments were conducted in 6 forests (test) and 6 city areas (control). Overall, 12 participants in each area (60 participants in total, mean age: 21.0 ± 1.3 years) were instructed to walk in a forest and a city area for approximately 15 min; simultaneously, their heart rate variability, heart rate, blood pressure, and pulse rate were measured to quantify their physiological responses to walking. The modified semantic differential method, Profile of Mood States (POMS), and the State–Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) were used to determine their psychological responses. Walking in a forest was associated with significantly higher parasympathetic nervous activity and lower sympathetic nervous activity and heart rate. In addition, scores for the comfortable, relaxed, and natural parameters and vigor subscale of POMS were significantly higher, whereas scores for negative feelings, such as tension–anxiety, depression–dejection, anger–hostility, fatigue, and confusion, were significantly lower, as were the total mood disturbance of POMS and the anxiety dimension of the STAI. The subjective evaluations were generally in accordance with the physiological responses. A brief walk in a forest resulted in physiological and psychological relaxation effects in young women.

Fluid replacement and glucose infusion during exercise prevent cardiovascular drift

1991 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 871-877 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. T. Hamilton ◽  
J. Gonzalez-Alonso ◽  
S. J. Montain ◽  
E. F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Rectal Temperature ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentration ◽  
Fluid Replacement ◽  
O2 Uptake ◽  
Trained Subjects ◽  
Cardiovascular Drift

This study examined the influence of both hydration and blood glucose concentration on cardiovascular drift during exercise. We first determined if the prevention of dehydration during exercise by full fluid replacement prevents the decline in stroke volume (SV) and cardiac output (CO) during prolonged exercise. On two occasions, 10 endurance-trained subjects cycled an ergometer in a 22 degrees C room for 2 h, beginning at 70 +/- 1% maximal O2 uptake (VO2max) and in a euhydrated state. During one trial, no fluid (NF) replacement was provided and the subject's body weight declined 2.09 +/- 0.19 kg or 2.9%. During the fluid replacement trial (FR), water was ingested at a rate that prevented body weight from declining after 2 h of exercise (i.e., 2.34 +/- 0.17 1/2 h). SV declined 15% and CO declined 7% during the 20- to 120-min period of the NF trial while heart rate (HR) increased 10% and O2 uptake (VO2) increased 6% (all P less than 0.05). In contrast, SV was maintained during the 20- to 120-min period of FR while HR increased 5% and thus CO actually increased 7% (all P less than 0.05). Rectal temperature, SV, and HR were similar during the 1st h of exercise during NF and FR. However, after 2 h of exercise, rectal temperature was 0.6 degree C higher (P less than 0.05) and SV and CO were 11–16% lower (P less than 0.05) during NF compared with FR.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Stroke volume decline during prolonged exercise is influenced by the increase in heart rate

1999 ◽  
Vol 86 (3) ◽  
pp. 799-805 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ricardo G. Fritzsche ◽  
Thomas W. Switzer ◽  
Bradley J. Hodgkinson ◽  
Edward F. Coyle
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Stroke Volume ◽  
Prolonged Exercise ◽  
Placebo Control ◽  
Cutaneous Blood Flow ◽  
Con A ◽  
Adrenoceptor Blocker ◽  
Cutaneous Blood

This study determined whether the decline in stroke volume (SV) during prolonged exercise is related to an increase in heart rate (HR) and/or an increase in cutaneous blood flow (CBF). Seven active men cycled for 60 min at ∼57% peak O2 uptake in a neutral environment (i.e., 27°C, <40% relative humidity). They received a placebo control (CON) or a small oral dose (i.e., ∼7 mg) of the β1-adrenoceptor blocker atenolol (BB) at the onset of exercise. At 15 min, HR and SV were similar during CON and BB. From 15 to 55 min during CON, a 13% decline in SV was associated with an 11% increase in HR and not with an increase in CBF. CBF increased mainly from 5 to 15 min and remained stable from 20 to 60 min of exercise in both treatments. However, from 15 to 55 min during BB, when the increase in HR was prevented by atenolol, the decline in SV was also prevented, despite a normal CBF response (i.e., similar to CON). Cardiac output was similar in both treatments and stable throughout the exercise bouts. We conclude that during prolonged exercise in a neutral environment the decline in SV is related to the increase in HR and is not affected by CBF.

Cardiovascular and Metabolic Responses to Electrical Stimulation-Induced Leg Exercise in Spinal Cord Injury

1997 ◽  
Vol 36 (04/05) ◽  
pp. 372-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. R. Sutton ◽  
A. J. Thomas ◽  
G. M. Davis
Keyword(s):  
Spinal Cord ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Spinal Cord Injury ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Electrical Stimulation ◽  
Knee Flexion ◽  
Flexion Extension ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Leg Exercise ◽  
Leg Muscle

Abstract:Electrical stimulation-induced leg muscle contractions provide a useful model for examining the role of leg muscle neural afferents during low-intensity exercise in persons with spinal cord-injury and their able-bodied cohorts. Eight persons with paraplegia (SCI) and 8 non-disabled subjects (CONTROL) performed passive knee flexion/extension (PAS), electrical stimulation-induced knee flexion/extension (ES) and voluntary knee flexion/extension (VOL) on an isokinetic dynamometer. In CONTROLS, exercise heart rate was significantly increased during ES (94 ± 6 bpm) and VOL (85 ± 4 bpm) over PAS (69 ± 4 bpm), but no changes were observed in SCI individuals. Stroke volume was significantly augmented in SCI during ES (59 ± 5 ml) compared to PAS (46 ± 4 ml). The results of this study suggest that, in able-bodied humans, Group III and IV leg muscle afferents contribute to increased cardiac output during exercise primarily via augmented heart rate. In contrast, SCI achieve raised cardiac output during ES leg exercise via increased venous return in the absence of any change in heart rate.

Psychophysiological Responses of Pilots in Hypoxia Training at 7000 and 7500 m

2020 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 785-789
Author(s):  
Dongqing Wen ◽  
Lei Tu ◽  
Guiyou Wang ◽  
Zhao Gu ◽  
Weiru Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Psychomotor Performance ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Arterial Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Arterial Oxygen ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Similar Frequency ◽  
Psychophysiological Responses ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Training Protocol

INTRODUCTION: We compared the physiological responses, psychomotor performances, and hypoxia symptoms between 7000 m and 7500 m (23,000 and 24,600 ft) exposure to develop a safer hypoxia training protocol.METHODS: In altitude chamber, 66 male pilots were exposed to 7000 and 7500 m. Heart rate and arterial oxygen saturation were continuously monitored. Psychomotor performance was assessed using the computational task. The hypoxic symptoms were investigated by a questionnaire.RESULTS: The mean duration time of hypoxia was 323.0 56.5 s at 7000 m and 218.2 63.3 s at 7500 m. The 6-min hypoxia training was completed by 57.6% of the pilots and 6.1% of the pilots at 7000 m and at 7500 m, respectively. There were no significant differences in pilots heart rates and psychomotor performance between the two exposures. The Spo2 response at 7500 m was slightly severer than that at 7000 m. During the 7000 m exposure, pilots experienced almost the same symptoms and similar frequency order as those during the 7500 m exposure.CONCLUSIONS: There were concordant symptoms, psychomotor performance, and very similar physiological responses between 7000 m and 7500 m during hypoxia training. The results indicated that 7000-m hypoxia awareness training might be an alternative to 7500-m hypoxia training with lower DCS risk and longer experience time.Wen D, Tu L, Wang G, Gu Z, Shi W, Liu X. Psychophysiological responses of pilots in hypoxia training at 7000 and 7500 m. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2020; 91(10):785789.

Diastolic pressure and peripheral resistance during stellate ganglion stimulation

1963 ◽  
Vol 204 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edward D. Freis ◽  
Jay N. Cohn ◽  
Thomas E. Liptak ◽  
Aristide G. B. Kovach
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Total Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Diastolic Pressure ◽  
Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Peripheral Resistance ◽  
Resistance Vessels ◽  
Left Stellate Ganglion ◽  
Increased Blood Flow

The mechanism of the diastolic pressure elevation occurring during left stellate ganglion stimulation was investigated. The cardiac output rose considerably, the heart rate remained essentially unchanged, and the total peripheral resistance fell moderately. The diastolic rise appeared to be due to increased blood flow rather than to any active changes in resistance vessels.

University Biology and Music Majors' Emotional Ratings of Musical Stimuli and Their Physiological Correlates of Heart, Rate, Finger Temperature, and Blood Pressure

1994 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 1391-1397 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherman D. Vanderark ◽  
Daniel Ely
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Anechoic Chamber ◽  
Music Majors ◽  
Finger Temperature ◽  
Biology Students ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Experimental Group

Physiological responses associated with the ratings of musical stimuli were investigated. For 101 university music and biology students in the experimental group, heart rate, blood pressure, and finger temperature were measured before and after listening to about 10 min. of music (Venus and Jupiter from Holst's The Planets) in an anechoic chamber. They also served as their own controls by sitting in silence for about 10 min. No significant differences were found on the three measures for the two musical stimuli between the musical or control conditions or between the two majors.

A Comparison of the Acute Haemodynamic Effects of Propranolol and Pindolol at Rest and during Supine Exercise in Man

1980 ◽  
Vol 59 (s6) ◽  
pp. 465s-468s ◽  
Author(s):  
T. L. Svendsen ◽  
J. E. Carlsen ◽  
O. Hartling ◽  
A. McNair ◽  
J. Trap-Jensen
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Pulmonary Artery ◽  
Pulmonary Artery Pressure ◽  
Response Curves ◽  
Receptor Blocking ◽  
Artery Pressure ◽  
Arterial Blood ◽  
Β Receptor

1. Dose-response curves for heart rate, cardiac output, arterial blood pressure and pulmonary artery pressure were obtained in 16 male patients after intravenous administration of three increasing doses of pindolol, propranolol or placebo. All patients had an uncomplicated acute myocardial infarction 6–8 months earlier. 2. The dose-response curves were obtained at rest and during repeated bouts of supine bicycle exercise. The cumulative dose amounted to 0.024 mg/kg body weight for pindolol and to 0.192 mg/kg body weight for propranolol. 3. At rest propranolol significantly reduced heart rate and cardiac output by 12% and 15% respectively. Arterial mean blood pressure was reduced by 9.2 mmHg. Mean pulmonary artery pressure increased significantly by 2 mmHg. Statistically significant changes in these variables were not seen after pindolol or placebo. 4. During exercise pindolol and propranolol both reduced cardiac output, heart rate and arterial blood pressure to the same extent. After propranolol mean pulmonary artery pressure was increased significantly by 3.6 mmHg. Pindolol and placebo did not change pulmonary artery pressure significantly. 5. The study suggests that pindolol may offer haemodynamic advantages over β-receptor-blocking agents without intrinsic sympathomimetic activity during low activity of the sympathetic nervous system, and may be preferable in situations where the β-receptor-blocking effect is required only during physical or psychic stress.

CARDIAC OUTPUT RESPONSE TO CHANGES IN CONTRACTILITY, PRELOAD AND HEART RATE DURING ENELURANE ANESTHESIA

1989 ◽  
Vol 71 (Supplement) ◽  
pp. A499
Author(s):  
M. Sato ◽  
S. Hoka ◽  
H. Arintura ◽  
K. Ono ◽  
J. Yoshitake
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Cardiac Output ◽  
Output Response

Effect of season on thermoregulatory responses and energy expenditure of goats on semi-arid range in India

2002 ◽  
Vol 139 (1) ◽  
pp. 87-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. K. SHINDE ◽  
RAGHAVENDRA BHATTA ◽  
S. K. SANKHYAN ◽  
D. L. VERMA
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Solar Radiation ◽  
Energy Expenditure ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Physiological Responses ◽  
Face Mask ◽  
Mean Value ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Semi Arid

A study of the physiological responses and energy expenditure of goats was carried out from June 1999 to May 2000 by conducting two experiments: one on bucks maintained on stall feeding in autumn 1999 (Expt 1) followed by year-round grazing on native ranges over three seasons: monsoon, winter and summer (Expt 2). Physiological responses and energy expenditure (EE) measurements of housed and grazing goats were recorded at 06.00 h and 14.00 h for 5 consecutive days in each season. Goats were fixed with a face mask and meteorological balloon for collection of expired air and measurement of EE. Respiration rate (RR) at 06.00 h was similar in all seasons (14 respiration/min) except in the monsoon, where a significantly (P<0.05) higher value (26 respiration/min) was recorded. At 14.00 h, RR was higher in monsoon and summer (81 and 91 respiration/min) than in winter (52 respiration/min). Irrespective of the season, heart rate (HR) was higher at 14.00 h (86 beat/min) than at 06.00 h (64 beat/min). The rise of rectal temperature (RT) from morning (06.00 h) to peak daily temperature (14.00 h) was 0.9 °C in housed goats in autumn and 1.0, 2.1 and 2.0 °C in grazing goats during monsoon, winter and summer, respectively. The mean value was 1.7 °C. Skin temperature (ST) was lowest in winter (30.1 °C) and highest at 14.00 h in summer (40.3 °C). Energy expenditure of goats at 06.00 h was 32.7 W in winter and significantly (P<0.05) increased to 52.0 W in summer and 107.8 W in monsoon. At 14.00 h, EE was 140.2 W in winter and increased to 389.0 W and 391.3 W respectively in monsoon and summer. It is concluded that monsoon and summer are both stressful seasons in semi-arid regions. Animals should be protected from direct solar radiation during the hottest hours of the day to ameliorate the effect of heat stress.

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