Behavioral and Methodological Factors Influencing Heart Rate of Freely Moving Rats

2015 ◽  
pp. 185-187
Author(s):  
B�la Bohus
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Factors Influencing ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Freely Moving

scholarly journals Effect of L-glutamate injected into the hypothalamus on blood pressure and heart rate in freely moving rats

1982 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 268
Author(s):  
Shizuo Nakamura ◽  
Hisashi Ohta ◽  
Shigenori Watanabe ◽  
Showa Ueki
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Freely Moving

Blood pressure, heart rate, and behavioral responses to psychological "novelty" stress in freely moving rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 490-499 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maarten Buuse ◽  
Saskia A.B.E. Acker ◽  
Marc Fluttert ◽  
E. Ronald Kloet
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Heart Rate ◽  
Behavioral Responses ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Freely Moving

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia in freely moving and anesthetized rats

2004 ◽  
Vol 97 (4) ◽  
pp. 1431-1436 ◽  
Author(s):  
Evguenia Bouairi ◽  
Robert Neff ◽  
Cory Evans ◽  
Allison Gold ◽  
Michael C. Andresen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Respiratory Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Vagal Activity ◽  
General Anesthetics ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Lung Inflation ◽  
Pentobarbital Sodium ◽  
Freely Moving Rats ◽  
Anesthetized Rats ◽  
Freely Moving

Heart rate increases during inspiration and slows during postinspiration; this respiratory sinus arrhythmia helps match pulmonary blood flow to lung inflation and maintain an appropriate diffusion gradient of oxygen in the lungs. This cardiorespiratory pattern is found in neonatal and adult humans, baboons, dogs, rabbits, and seals. Respiratory sinus arrhythmia occurs mainly due to inhibition of cardioinhibitory parasympathetic cardiac vagal neurons during inspiration. Surprisingly, however, a recent study in anesthetized rats paradoxically found an enhancement of cardiac vagal activity during inspiration, suggesting that rats have an inverted respiratory sinus arrhythmia (Rentero N, Cividjian A, Trevaks D, Pequignot JM, Quintin L, and McAllen RM. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 283: R1327–R1334, 2002). To address this controversy, this study examined respiratory sinus arrhythmia in conscious freely moving rats and tested whether the commonly used experimental anesthetics urethane, pentobarbital sodium, or ketamine-xylazine alter respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Heart rate significantly increased 21 beats/min during inspiration in conscious rats, a pattern similar to the respiratory sinus arrhythmia that occurs in other species. However, anesthetics altered normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Ketamine-xylazine (87 mg/kg and 13 mg/kg) depressed and pentobarbital sodium (60 mg/kg) abolished normal respiratory sinus arrhythmia. Urethane (1 g/kg) inverted the cardiorespiratory pattern so that heart rate significantly decreased during inspiration. Our study demonstrates that heart rate normally increases during inspiration in conscious, freely moving rats, similar to the respiratory sinus arrhythmia pattern that occurs in other species but that this pattern is disrupted in the presence of general anesthetics, including inversion in the case of urethane. The presence and consequences of anesthetics need to be considered in studying the parasympathetic control of heart rate.

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