Influence of Dietary Fibre on Cholesterol Metabolism and Colonic Function in Healthy Subjects

2015 ◽  
pp. 100-140 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marianne Stasse-Wolthuis
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism

scholarly journals Serum Fetuin-B Levels Are Elevated in Women with Metabolic Syndrome and Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Shiyao Xue ◽  
Hongdong Han ◽  
Shunli Rui ◽  
Mengliu Yang ◽  
Yizhou Huang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Bioinformatics Analysis ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Regulatory Factors ◽  
Triglyceride Content

Previous studies on serum fetuin-B (fetuin-like protein IRL685) have investigated its association with T2DM; however, the reason for the variation in serum fetuin-B and its regulatory factors in metabolic disease remain unclear. Here, we evaluated serum fetuin-B levels in women with newly diagnosed MetS and performed multiple interventions to investigate the role of fetuin-B in the pathogenesis of MetS. Serum fetuin-B levels were assessed using ELISA. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to analyze fetuin-B-related genes and signaling pathways. Additionally, oxidative stress parameters were measured in the in vitro study. For subgroup analyses, we performed EHC, OGTT, and treatment with a GLP-1RA to investigate the regulatory factors of serum fetuin-B. We found that in comparison with healthy subjects, serum fetuin-B levels were markedly increased in women with MetS. Further, serum fetuin-B showed a positive correlation with WHR, FAT%, TG, FBG, HbA1c, FIns, HOMA-IR, VAI, and LAP. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that most fetuin-B-related core genes were involved in cholesterol metabolism and fat decomposition. Consistent with this finding, multivariate regression analysis showed that triglyceride content and WHR were independently associated with serum fetuin-B. We also observed that serum fetuin-B levels were markedly elevated in healthy subjects after glucose loading and in women with MetS during EHC. In vitro, overexpression of fetuin-B promoted oxidative stress in HepG2 cell. After 6 months of treatment with a GLP-1RA, serum fetuin-B levels in women with MetS decreased following an improvement in metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Therefore, serum fetuin-B is associated with MetS, which may serve as a biomarker of oxidative stress. This trial is registered with ChiCTR-OCC-11001422.

scholarly journals P848 A novel grape-derived prebiotic selectively enhances abundance and metabolic activity of butyrate producing bacteria in faecal samples of inflammatory bowel disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S653-S654
Author(s):  
L Oliver ◽  
S Ramió-Pujol ◽  
J Amoedo ◽  
M Malagón ◽  
M Serrano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Metabolic Activity ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Apple Pectin ◽  
Faecal Samples ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
Fresh Stool

Abstract Background Inflammatory Bowel Disease (IBD) is a clinical condition of the gastrointestinal tract of unknown aetiology. The two main forms of IBD are Crohn’s disease (CD) and Ulcerative colitis (UC). Recently, it has been reported that the bacterial communities present in the colon of patients with IBD are structurally different compared with those in healthy individuals. This particular dysbiosis consists of a decrease of butyrate producing bacteria and an increase of the pro-inflammatory species. The goal of this work was to test a new prebiotic of selected dietary fibre made from grape for its capacity to balance the dysbiosis typically found in patients with intestinal disorders. Methods Faecal samples from 16 healthy subjects and 11 IBD patients (5 CD and 6 UC) were collected by the Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta. Fresh stool samples were incubated with 200 mg, 600 mg of prebiotic, and 200 mg of apple pectin. A negative control without substrate addition was also performed. The tubes were incubated under continuous stirring for 72 hours at 37 ºC in semi-anaerobic atmosphere. Total DNA was extracted and the abundances of butyrate-producing bacterial markers (Faecalibacterium prausnitzii, and its phylogroups I and II, Roseburia hominis and Subdolinogranulum variabile) were analysed by qPCR. Concentrations of both butyrate and acetate were determined by gas chromatography as an indication of the bacterial metabolic activity. Results A significant increase of butyrate producing species, such as S. variabile, R. hominis and F. prausnitzii was observed in CD and UC samples when incubated with 200 mg of prebiotic compared with the negative control. F. prausnitzii phylogroup II, which is underrepresented in UC patients, also increased. No differences were found when samples were incubated with 600 mg. Regarding apple pectin, the increase on the abundance of butyrate producing bacteria was higher than the prebiotic in UC samples. In samples from healthy subjects, an increase in the butyrate producing species abundances was observed in both concentrations of prebiotic when compared with the negative control. In those samples no differences were observed when comparing apple pectin with the prebiotic. Concerning butyrate and acetate production, these substances increased in all prebiotic-supplemented samples when compared with the negative control. Conclusion The studied prebiotic causes an increase of the abundance and activity of butyrate-producing bacteria in both IBD patients and healthy subjects. These results points to this new dietary fibre as a promising prebiotic to maintain eubiosis and to promote the microbiota restoration of the intestinal mucosa.

scholarly journals Dietary sources of inorganic microparticles and their intake in healthy subjects and patients with Crohn's disease

2004 ◽  
Vol 92 (6) ◽  
pp. 947-955 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miranda C. E. Lomer ◽  
Carol Hutchinson ◽  
Sara Volkert ◽  
Simon M. Greenfield ◽  
Adrian Catterall ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
General Practice ◽  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Dietary Intakes ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Food Diaries ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Controls

Dietary microparticles are non-biological, bacterial-sized particles. Endogenous sources are derived from intestinal Ca and phosphate secretion. Exogenous sources are mainly titanium dioxide (TiO2) and mixed silicates (Psil); they are resistant to degradation and accumulate in human Peyer's patch macrophages and there is some evidence that they exacerbate inflammation in Crohn's disease (CD). However, whether their intake differs between those with and without CD has not been studied. We aimed to identify dietary microparticle sources and intakes in subjects with and without CD. Patients with inactive CD and matched general practice-based controls (ninety-one per group) completed 7d food diaries. Intake data for dietary fibre and sucrose were compared as positive controls. All foods, pharmaceuticals and toothpastes were examined for microparticle content, and intakes of Ca and exogenous microparticles were compared between the two groups. Dietary intakes were significantly different between cases and controls for dietary fibre (12 (SD 5) v. 14 (sd 5) g/d; P=0.001) and sucrose (52 (sd 27) v. 45 (sd 18) g/d; P=0·04) but not for Ca. Estimated median TiO2 and Psil intakes (2·5 and 35mg/individual per d respectively, totalling 1012–1013 microparticles/individual per d) were broadly similar to per capita estimates and while there was wide variation in intakes between individuals there was no significant difference between subjects with CD and controls. Hence, if exposure to microparticles is associated with the inflammation of CD, then the present study rules out excess intake as the problem. Nonetheless, microparticle-containing foods have now been identified which allows a low-microparticle diet to be further assessed in CD.

Naturally-occurring phytosterols in the usual diet influence cholesterol metabolism in healthy subjects

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (10) ◽  
pp. 849-855 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Sanclemente ◽  
I. Marques-Lopes ◽  
M. Fajó-Pascual ◽  
M. Cofán ◽  
E. Jarauta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Usual Diet

scholarly journals Apple Polyphenols Influence Cholesterol Metabolism in Healthy Subjects with Relatively High Body Mass Index

2007 ◽  
Vol 56 (8) ◽  
pp. 417-428 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Nagasako-Akazome ◽  
Tomomasa Kanda ◽  
Yasuyuki Ohtake ◽  
Hiroyuki Shimasaki ◽  
Tetsuyuki Kobayashi
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
High Body Mass Index ◽  
High Body

The fermentable fibre inulin increases postprandial serum short-chain fatty acids and reduces free-fatty acids and ghrelin in healthy subjects

2010 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-16 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua Tarini ◽  
Thomas M.S. Wolever
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Fatty Acids ◽  
Dietary Fibre ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Short Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

It is thought that diets high in dietary fibre are associated with reduced risk for type 2 diabetes, at least in part because the short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) produced during the colonic fermentation of fibre beneficially influence circulating concentrations of free-fatty acids (FFAs) and gut hormones involved in the regulation of blood glucose and body mass. However, there is a paucity of data showing this sequence of events in humans. Thus, our objective was to determine the effect of the fermentable fibre inulin on postprandial glucose, insulin, SCFA, FFA, and gut hormone responses in healthy subjects. Overnight fasted healthy subjects (n = 12) were studied for 6 h after consuming 400 mL drinks, containing 80 g high-fructose corn syrup (80HFCS), 56 g HFCS (56HFCS), or 56 g HFCS plus 24 g inulin (Inulin), using a randomized, single-blind, crossover design. A standard lunch was served 4 h after the test drink. Glucose and insulin responses after Inulin did not differ significantly from those after 80HFCS or 56HFCS. Serum acetate, propionate, and butyrate were significantly higher after Inulin than after HFCS drinks from 4–6 h. FFAs fell at a similar rate after all 3 test drinks, but were lower after Inulin than after 56HFCS at 4 h (0.40 ± 0.06 vs. 0.51 ± 0.06 mmol·L–1; p < 0.05). Compared with 56HFCS, Inulin significantly increased plasma glucagon-like peptide-1 concentrations at 30 min, and reduced ghrelin at 4.5 h and 6 h. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that dietary fibre increases the production of colonic SCFAs, which may reduce type 2 diabetes risk by reducing postprandial FFAs and favorably affecting gut hormones, which regulate food intake.

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