III. Relationship Between Sweat Secretion and Sweat Retention and the Vesicles

2015 ◽  
pp. 21-27
Keyword(s):  
Sweat Secretion

scholarly journals Role of Bradykinin Type 2 Receptors in Human Sweat Secretion: Translational Evidence Does Not Support a Functional Relationship

2021 ◽  
Vol 34 (3) ◽  
pp. 162-166
Author(s):  
Thad E. Wilson ◽  
Seetharam Narra ◽  
Kristen Metzler-Wilson ◽  
Artur Schneider ◽  
Kelsey A. Bullens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Sweat Rate ◽  
Sweat Glands ◽  
Potential Therapeutic Target ◽  
Sweat Secretion ◽  
Hoe 140 ◽  
A Current

Bradykinin increases skin blood flow via a cGMP mechanism but its role in sweating in vivo is unclear. There is a current need to translate cell culture and nonhuman paw pad studies into in vivo human preparations to test for therapeutic viability for disorders affecting sweat glands. Protocol 1: physiological sweating was induced in 10 healthy subjects via perfusing warm (46–48°C) water through a tube-lined suit while bradykinin type 2 receptor (B2R) antagonist (HOE-140; 40 μM) and only the vehicle (lactated Ringer’s) were perfused intradermally via microdialysis. Heat stress increased sweat rate (HOE-140 = +0.79 ± 0.12 and vehicle = +0.64 ± 0.10 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>/min), but no differences were noted with B2R antagonism. Protocol 2: pharmacological sweating was induced in 6 healthy subjects via intradermally perfusing pilocarpine (1.67 mg/mL) followed by the same B2R antagonist approach. Pilocarpine increased sweating (HOE-140 = +0.38 ± 0.16 and vehicle = +0.32 ± 0.12 mg/cm<sup>2</sup>/min); again no differences were observed with B2R antagonism. Last, 5 additional subjects were recruited for various control experiments which identified that a functional dose of HOE-140 was utilized and it was not sudorific during normothermic conditions. These data indicate B2R antagonists do not modulate physiologically or pharmacologically induced eccrine secretion volumes. Thus, B2R agonist/antagonist development as a potential therapeutic target for hypo- and hyperhidrosis appears unwarranted.

Selection and Substantiation of Methods for Evaluating Cosmetic Products for Deodorant and Antiperspirant Action

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 (2) ◽  
pp. 54-64
Author(s):  
D.V. Barabash ◽  
I.A. Butorova
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Gravimetric Method ◽  
Population Data ◽  
Diffusion Method ◽  
Disc Diffusion ◽  
Disc Diffusion Method ◽  
Large Scale Testing ◽  
Sweat Secretion ◽  
Microbiological Methods ◽  
Number Of Microorganisms

The possibility of using simple and available methods for analyzing deodorants/antiperspirants has been studied. The gravimetric method was shown to have acceptable metrological characteristics under repeatability conditions when evaluating antiperspirant activity. A decrease in the number of microorganisms (CFU) on the axilla skin was observed in a rinse test experiment 4 h and 8 h after the application of deodorants/antiperspirants. The microbial population data were inversely proportional to the antiperspirant activity values of the tested compositions. The sweat secretion reducing decreases the amount of nutrients required for microbial development, which makes it possible to use the rinse test to indirectly evaluate deodorant activity in research and development of personal care products. However, due to its laboriousness and the need for volunteers, the method cannot be recommended for large-scale testing. It was shown that the disc diffusion method (DDM) used to detect Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus subtilis cannot be applied to the assessment of the intrinsic antimicrobial activity of the tested cosmetic compositions. This indicates the necessity of additional studies to select test microorganisms typical for the armpit area. In addition, DDM is useful if the deodorant effect of the composition is created by the addition of low-volatile antibacterial compounds. Therefore, microbiological methods have limited applications and are not suitable for widespread use. deodorant action; antiperspirant action, gravimetry, disc diffusion method, rinse test; deodorant; antiperspirant; cosmetic; efficiency; consumer properties, functional properties This work was supported by MUCTR (project no. K-2020-007).

Effect of a precooling maneuver on body temperature and exercise performance

1981 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 772-778 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Schmidt ◽  
K. Bruck
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Body Temperature ◽  
Peak Oxygen Uptake ◽  
Work Rate ◽  
Time To Exhaustion ◽  
Total Work ◽  
Mean Body Temperature ◽  
Deep Body Temperature ◽  
Sweat Secretion ◽  
Maximum Work

Twelve subjects exercised to exhaustion at an ambient temperature of 18 degrees C on a bicycle ergometer with the load being stepwise increased. On one day, exercise was preceded by a precooling maneuver. In the precooling tests, deep body temperature attained values of about 1 degree C lower than in the control tests. There was no indication of metabolic cold defense reactions being evoked throughout the exercise period. In the precooling tests, heart rate was significantly lower than in the controls, but the mean maximum work rate, peak oxygen uptake (VO2), time to exhaustion, and total work were not reduced, i.e., work rate and VO2 were increased for a given heart rate. In the three subjects with the lowest maximum work rates, total work and exhaustion time and, in two cases, maximum work rate were increased after precooling. The onset of sweating occurred at higher work rates but at lower core, mean skin, and mean body temperature after precooling. However, the accumulated sweat secretion was considerably smaller after precooling, indicating less thermoregulatory effort.

Na-K-2Cl cotransporters are present and regulated in simian eccrine clear cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 273 (1) ◽  
pp. R270-R277 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Toyomoto ◽  
D. Knutsen ◽  
G. Soos ◽  
K. Sato
Keyword(s):  
Cell Volume Regulation ◽  
Human Colon ◽  
Cell Shrinkage ◽  
Hypertonic Medium ◽  
Clear Cells ◽  
Sweat Secretion ◽  
Strong Homology ◽  
Colon Cell ◽  
Colon Cell Line ◽  
Secretory Type

In freshly dissociated rhesus palm eccrine clear cells, regulatory volume increase (RVI) was studied using image analysis as a measure of Na-K-2Cl cotransport activity. Pseudo-RVIs, as well as RVI during methacholine (MCh)-induced cell shrinkage, were observed in clear cells and were inhibited by 100 microM bumetanide or in Na-free medium, but were not inhibited by amiloride or ouabain. RVI in hypertonic medium and RVI after MCh-induced cell shrinkage were accelerated by adenosine 3',5'-cyclic monophosphate (cAMP)-elevating agents (forskolin+isoproterenol) and inhibited by phorbol ester. RVI in hypertonic medium was enhanced by a phosphatase inhibitor, okadaic acid. mRNA for Na-K-2Cl cotransporter (NaKCC) was demonstrated in freshly isolated rhesus sweat secretory coils by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) after reverse transcription using a set of primers derived from the published human NaKCC (hNaKCC) 1 sequence, i.e., nucleotides 2,043-2,810. The deduced amino acid sequence of the PCR-amplified 767-base pair segment was identical to that of hNaKCC 1 from a human colon cell line (T84). The data are interpreted to indicate that NaKCC, showing strong homology to secretory type hNaKCC 1, is present in rhesus eccrine secretory coils and may participate in the cotransport component of eccrine sweat secretion and cell volume regulation, especially during cholinergic stimulation. The data also raise the possibility that sweat gland NaKCC may be upregulated by cAMP-mediated protein phosphorylation and downregulated by protein kinase C.

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