Psychiatric Genetics and the Primary Prevention of Psychiatric Disorders

2015 ◽  
pp. 7-14
Author(s):  
Paul H. Wender
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics

Techniques for the Identification of Genes Involved in Psychiatric Disorders

2005 ◽  
Vol 39 (7) ◽  
pp. 542-549 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian P. Blair ◽  
Philip B. Mitchell ◽  
Peter R. Schofield
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Susceptibility Genes ◽  
Genome Project ◽  
Mental Illnesses ◽  
Gene Identification ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Biochemical Basis ◽  
Genetic Traits ◽  
The Future

Objective: Most psychiatric disorders are complex genetic traits involving both genetic and environmental risk factors. This paper aims to review the gene identification strategies being applied bymolecular geneticists in their efforts to elucidate the genetic and molecular basis of psychiatric disorders. Future strategies will also be canvassed. Method: The psychiatric genetic literature was reviewed to identify current strategies applied to gene identification, with examples provided where available. The future strategies and applications that will arise from genome projects, including the International Haplotype Mapping Project, are also discussed. Results: Many advances in the techniques of gene discovery, and the increasing resources available, are rapidly being adopted by researchers and applied to the complex problem of identifying susceptibility genes for mental illnesses. Perhaps the single most important advance to date is the Human Genome Project and all that has stemmed from the vast quantity of information that this endeavour has provided. With these technological advances and the massive increase of publicly available genetic resources, several genes have recently been implicated in the susceptibility to psychiatric illnesses including schizophrenia and depression. After many years of fruitless endeavours, these recent reports indicate that the labours of researchers in psychiatric genetics are beginning to show exciting results. Conclusions: Identification of these susceptibility genes holds great promise, with the unravelling of the molecular and biochemical basis of some conditions now being a more realistic and tangible goal. The increasing number of genes being identified augers well for the future treatment of psychiatric disorders. The genes identified, and the pathways of genes and proteins that they implicate, will provide potential novel targets for new therapeutic drugs. Psychiatric genetics appears to be poised for significant advances in our knowledge and understanding of the molecular genetic basis of mental illness.

Considerations on the Role of Genetics in Psychiatric Research

CNS Spectrums ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 2 (9) ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Giovanni P. A. Placidi ◽  
Maura Boldrini
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Factors ◽  
Sample Selection ◽  
Great Emphasis ◽  
Psychiatric Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Analysis Methods ◽  
Manic Depressive ◽  
Statistical Analysis Methods

AbstractDuring the last 30 years, several studies in psychiatric genetics have been conducted. These include a series of clinical and family-oriented studies on genetic factors in schizophrenia, alcoholism, and manic-depressive disorder. Since these trials have taken place, great emphasis has been placed on the hypothesis that psychiatric disorders could have a genetic vulnerability. This hypothesis is supported by significant advancements in biological and mathematical analysis methods, as well as by the large number of epidemiological and diagnostic studies on the prevalence of psychiatric disorders in patients' families. This article provides on overview of this research.Many other hypotheses have been raised by the optimism of research, but are often followed by experimental failures. There are several pitfalls in methods, ranging from sample selection to genotyping to statistical analysis methods. Finally, the interpretations of the results often have been misunderstood. Nonetheless, this body of research contributes to future genetic perspectives in psychiatry.

scholarly journals Four Actionable Bottlenecks and Potential Solutions to Translating Psychiatric Genetics Research: An Expert Review

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Jessica L. Bourdon ◽  
Rachel A. Davies ◽  
Elizabeth C. Long
Keyword(s):  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Genetic Information ◽  
Original Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Genetics Research ◽  
Psychiatric Genetic ◽  
Gene Environment ◽  
Narrative Literature ◽  
Narrative Literature Review

<b><i>Background:</i></b> Psychiatric genetics has had limited success in translational efforts. A thorough understanding of the present state of translation in this field will be useful in the facilitation and assessment of future translational progress. <b><i>Purpose:</i></b> A narrative literature review was conducted. Combinations of 3 groups of terms were searched in EBSCOhost, Google Scholar, and PubMed. The review occurred in multiple steps, including abstract collection, inclusion/exclusion criteria review, coding, and analysis of included papers. <b><i>Results:</i></b> One hundred and fourteen articles were analyzed for the narrative review. Across those, 4 bottlenecks were noted that, if addressed, may provide insights and help improve and increase translation in the field of psychiatric genetics. These 4 bottlenecks are emphasizing linear translational frameworks, relying on molecular genomic findings, prioritizing certain psychiatric disorders, and publishing more reviews than experiments. <b><i>Conclusions:</i></b> These entwined bottlenecks are examined with one another. Awareness of these bottlenecks can inform stakeholders who work to translate and/or utilize psychiatric genetic information. Potential solutions include utilizing nonlinear translational frameworks as well as a wider array of psychiatric genetic information (e.g., family history and gene-environment interplay) in this area of research, expanding which psychiatric disorders are considered for translation, and when possible, conducting original research. Researchers are urged to consider how their research is translational in the context of the frameworks, genetic information, and psychiatric disorders discussed in this review. At a broader level, these efforts should be supported with translational efforts in funding and policy shifts.

Primary prevention of psychiatric disorders

1987 ◽  
Vol 76 (S337) ◽  
pp. 7-13 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alexander H. Leighton ◽  
Jane M. Murphy
Keyword(s):  
Primary Prevention ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders

scholarly journals The current state of research on psychiatric genetics in Poland and the world: A report covering recent years

2018 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Anna Grzywacz ◽  
Małgorzata Ryder ◽  
Iwona Małecka ◽  
Jolanta Chmielowiec
Keyword(s):  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Unipolar Depression ◽  
Psychiatric Genetics ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
Current State ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
State Of Research ◽  
The Impact

The aim of this article was to review the results of research carried out in recent years in relation to genetic studies in psychiatry. The authors’ focus is on the selected disorders, with particular emphasis on the reports from Poland. For this purpose, the most often mentioned studies describing genes and biomarkers involved in psychiatry were selected. Genetic polymorphisms were described in relation to schizophrenia, alcoholism, addiction to psychoactive substances, autistic spectrum, unipolar depression and bipolar disorder, eating disorders and other psychiatric disorders. Characterizing the impact of inheritance factors on the processes in the central nervous system, it can be observed that some biological mechanisms forms associations with tested genetic variants and this combination is linked with the risk of mental disorders. To understand the role of psychiatric genetics, surveys which join genotype and phenotype associations (endophenotype) are essential. It seems important to study and search for associations of genes polymorphisms and biomarkers with mental and psychiatric disorders in order to better understanding the biological basis of the disease and more effective treatment of patients. In many cases, the variability analysis of selected genes sheds new light on understanding the etiology of diseases and mental disorders. Genetics is a powerful technique which allows us to study the impact of the inherited variance on changes in mental state, even without having prior knowledge about biological changes.

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