The Importance of the Uptake Mechanism of Adrenergic Nerves in Blood Vessels

2015 ◽  
pp. 126-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kalsner
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Uptake Mechanism

Platelet 5-Hydroxytryptamine and Vascular Adrenergic Nerves

Physiology ◽  
1988 ◽  
Vol 3 (5) ◽  
pp. 185-189
Author(s):  
RA Cohen
Keyword(s):  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Sympathetic Nerves ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Norepinephrine Release ◽  
Neuronal Function ◽  
Uptake Mechanism ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve Endings

Platelets contain and release large amounts of 5-hydroxytryptamine that can influence the function of vascular adrenergic nerves. The immediate effect on neuronal function of low concentrations of the amine is to inhibit norepinephrine release. 5-Hydroxytryptamine may also be accumulated by the same uptake mechanism that reaccumulates norepinephrine into the adrenergic nerve endings. In diseased blood vessels where platelet aggregation occurs, 5-hydroxytryptamine may therby assume an alternative transmitter role, altering the function of the sympathetic nerves.

The Croonian Lecture, 1964 The release and fate of the transmitter liberated by adrenergic nerves

1965 ◽  
Vol 162 (986) ◽  
pp. 1-19 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Vascular System ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Muscle Cells ◽  
Blood Stream ◽  
The Body ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Local Motion ◽  
Specific Enzyme

It is customary for Croonian lecturers, after expressing their thanks to the President and Council for the honour that they have received in being asked to give this lecture, to devote some time to a justification of their subject in terms of Mrs Croone’s suggestion that the lecture should deal with the advancement of natural knowledge on local motion. The first of these tasks, Mr President, I perform humbly and with deep gratitude, but at the same time with some surprise that Council in its wisdom should have chosen one so ill-fitted for the honour you have laid upon him. The second task is easier since my lecture will deal with the nerves which control the muscles surrounding the hollow organs of the body, blood vessels and bowels, and further justification as a theme dealing with local motion the most captious critic could not desire. Three years ago my former colleague Bernard Katz gave the Croonian Lecture on ‘ Transmission of impulses from nerve to muscle’ in which he described our present knowledge of the mechanism of the chemical mediation interposed between nerve and skeletal muscle and summarized his own brilliant contributions to this, to me, fascinating subject. Today I am dealing again with transmission from nerve to muscle, but in a different system and, I am afraid, at a quite different and lower intellectual level than that of Katz. The idea of chemical transmission from nerve to effector cell came first to T. R. Elliott in 1904 as a result of his observation, in an extensive comparative study, of the close similarities between the actions of adrenaline injected intravenously and the effects of stimulating nerves belonging to the sympathetic system. These nerves we should now call in Dale’s (1933) terminology the adrenergic nerves, those transmitting their effects whether excitatory or inhibitory by the liberation at their endings of a ‘minute charge’ of the catecholamine adrenaline or one of its analogues. The cells upon which these nerves exert their action are the smooth muscle cells controlling the movements of the hollow viscera, intestines, reproductive tract and so on, and of the muscle cells of the vascular system that regulate the diameter of the blood vessels. These are processes that do not demand high precision of timing nor do they apparently require the instant turning on and off of transmitter action with which we have grown familiar in the junction between nerve and skeletal muscle. At this junction, as Katz showed, liberation and action of acetylcholine and its inactivation by the specific enzyme cholinesterase are over in a few milliseconds, and there is no reason to believe that the liberated transmitter in the untreated junction can ever diffuse more than a few microus from its site of action. It is hemmed in by barriers of specific cholinesterase, and these are reinforced by barriers of the non-specific enzyme in blood and tissue fluids. This narrow coarctation of the transmitter acetylcholine in space and time seems, however, to be confined to places where precise timing is required, such as at the neuromuscular junction and in the ganglionic and central nervous synapse. When it is liberated as the transmitter from nerves to blood vessels, or to secretory glands, it can escape some way from its site of liberation and persist long enough to be detected by skeletal muscles sensitized by denervation, as is seen in the Sherrington, Rogowitz and Vulpian-Heidenhain phenomena. I have laboured a little this question of diffusion and action at a distance of transmitter because it constitutes prima facie one of the most striking differences between the adrenergic and the cholinergic transmitters in at least the mammalian body. It was indeed because the liberated adrenergic transmitter escaped into the blood stream and could be detected by another tissue or organ, sometimes, but not necessarily, specially sensitized, that W. B. Cannon and his colleagues in the 30’s were able to add so much to our knowledge of sympathetic innervation. Nevertheless, in spite of the relative stability of the adrenergic transmitter and its ready detection in the blood stream, little had been discovered about the quantitative aspects of its liberation and metabolism some 50 years after its existence had been postulated, whereas we now have, and have had for 30 years, quite reasonably complete information about the liberation, storage and metabolism of the unstable and ephemeral acetylcholine.

Studies of the innervation of rabbit myometrium and cervix

1989 ◽  
Vol 67 (8) ◽  
pp. 837-844 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Bulat ◽  
M. S. Kannan ◽  
R. E. Garfield
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Smooth Muscle ◽  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Spontaneous Activity ◽  
Isometric Contraction ◽  
Glyoxylic Acid ◽  
Adrenergic Innervation ◽  
Significant Inhibition ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Field Stimulation

We characterized the innervation of isolated circular and longitudinal-oriented muscle strips from the nulliparous rabbit uterus and cervix by field stimulation (FS). FS with increasing frequency (2.5–50 pps) and voltage (2.5–70 V) caused graded increases in isometric contraction with no relaxation or inhibition of spontaneous activity. Tetrodotoxin(TTX, 3.1 × 10−6 M) significantly reduced the FS response by 75% in all strips at higher stimulus frequencies. Contractile responses to FS were also significantly inhibited by atropine (3.5 × 10−6 M) in circular uterus and in longitudinal cervix. Guanethidine (5 × 10−6 M) reduced the response in all strips, as did phentolamine (3.6 × 10−6 M) in longitudinal uterus and circular cervix. Propranolol (3.9 × 10−6 M) did not significantly change the response in longitudinal uterus or circular cervix. In longitudinal uterus, combined guanethidine and atropine produced significant inhibition, but not statistically different from either drug alone. Similar results were seen in circular uterus. Electron microscopy and glyoxylic acid histofluorescence indicate that both blood vessels and smooth muscle in rabbit uterus are supplied with adrenergic nerves. The results suggest the presence of TTX-sensitive adrenergic and cholinergic excitatory innervation of rabbit uterus and cervix.Key words: uterus, myometrium, cervix, adrenergic innervation.

Fluorescence microscopic morphometry of functioning blood vessels and adrenergic nerves in myocardium

1984 ◽  
Vol 208 (1) ◽  
pp. 65-68 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn H. Muntz ◽  
Herbert K. Hagler ◽  
H. Jay Boulas ◽  
L. Maximilian Buja
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves

scholarly journals Immunohistochemical study of the distribution of adrenergic and peptidergic innervation in the equine uterus and the cervix

Reproduction ◽  
2001 ◽  
pp. 275-282 ◽  
Author(s):  
SE Bae ◽  
BM Corcoran ◽  
ED Watson
Keyword(s):  
Blood Vessels ◽  
Uterine Horn ◽  
Adrenergic Nerves ◽  
Adrenergic Nerve ◽  
Uterine Contractility ◽  
Nerve Fibres ◽  
Peptidergic Nerves ◽  
Dopamine Beta Hydroxylase ◽  
Calcitonin Gene ◽  
Nerve Bundles

Little is known about neurogenic regulation of uterine contractility in mares. The present study investigated the distribution of adrenergic and peptidergic nerves in the mare uterus. Samples from the uterine horn, body and cervix were collected from 18 cyclic mares for immunohistochemistry. The uterus was well supplied with adrenergic nerves. A large number of tyrosine hydroxylase- and dopamine beta-hydroxylase-immunoreactive nerve bundles and fibres were present in the myometrium and endometrium in all regions of the uterus and cervix. These adrenergic nerve bundles and fibres travelled parallel to the muscle layers and were often associated with blood vessels. The density of peptidergic nerves was less than that of adrenergic nerves, but the pattern of distribution was similar. Neuropeptide Y-immunoreactive nerve fibres were the most abundant, whereas vasoactive intestinal polypeptide- and calcitonin gene-related peptide-immunoreactive nerve fibres were less frequently seen. Substance P-immunoreactive nerve fibres were the most sparse. Peptidergic nerves were distributed among the smooth muscle layers and near endometrial glands and were often associated with blood vessels in all regions of the uterus. The density of peptidergic nerve fibres was similar in the uterine horn and body but was slightly denser in the cervix. These findings indicate that uterine innervation may have an important role in controlling reproductive functions in mares.

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