An Approach to Quantitative Interpretation of the Brain Scan Using Gamma Camera

2015 ◽  
pp. 574-577
Author(s):  
M. J. K. De Roo ◽  
M. Goris
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Quantitative Interpretation ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Brain

scholarly journals Study of Workplace Radiation Dose Rate during the Brain Scanning Procedures

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
MM Ahasan ◽  
SM Badruddoza ◽  
AK Paul ◽  
SK Dey ◽  
FU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Patient Handling ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Brain

Radiation dose rate in the gamma camera workplace were measured during brain scanning procedures using a dose of 15-20 mCi99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) given intravenously to each patient. The study based on randomly selected 20 patients duly registered for brain scan at Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound (CNMU), Rajshahi. Radiation dose rate at the patienthandling place and computer-operating place were measured by a high sensitive portable dose ratemeter and a NaI detector. Brain imaging procedures were usually done two hours post injection. Radiation dose rate at the patient-handling place found to be 20±4μSvhr-1 and the computer-operating place were 2±0.4μSvhr-1. Patient skull surface doses were measured also and found to be 120±24μSvhr-1 (one hour post injection) and 80±13μSvhr-1 (two hours post injection). The results showed that the radiation dose rate in the gamma camera workplace during brain scanning procedures found to be nearly 6 to 60 times higher than the background level. The research goals of the study were to measure the workplace radiation level during brain scanning procedures and sketched some special remedial measures to reduce the radiation exposure rate in the gamma camera work environment. doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3486 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 27-30

The ”true me”—one or many?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Berent ◽  
Melanie Platt
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
True Self ◽  
Behavioral Test ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Moral Behaviors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Constraint Ranking

Recent results suggest that people hold a notion of the true self, distinct from the self. Here, we seek to further elucidate the “true me”—whether it is good or bad, material or immaterial. Critically, we ask whether the true self is unitary. To address these questions, we invited participants to reason about John—a character who simultaneously exhibits both positive and negative moral behaviors. John’s character was gauged via two tests--a brain scan and a behavioral test, whose results invariably diverged (i.e., one test indicated that John’s moral core is positive and another negative). Participants assessed John’s true self along two questions: (a) Did John commit his acts (positive and negative) freely? and (b) What is John’s essence really? Responses to the two questions diverged. When asked to evaluate John’s moral core explicitly (by reasoning about his free will), people invariably descried John’s true self as good. But when John’s moral core was assessed implicitly (by considering his essence), people sided with the outcomes of the brain test. These results demonstrate that people hold conflicting notions of the true self. We formally support this proposal by presenting a grammar of the true self, couched within Optimality Theory. We show that the constraint ranking necessary to capture explicit and implicit view of the true self are distinct. Our intuitive belief in a true unitary “me” is thus illusory.

Usefulness of the Brain Scan in Therapeutic Radiology

Radiology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Roig ◽  
William T. Moss ◽  
James L. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Radiology ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Brain

SPECT of the Brain Using Radiolabeled Amphetamines and a Rotating Gamma Camera

1985 ◽  
pp. 295-300
Author(s):  
H. J. Biersack ◽  
A. Hartmann ◽  
W. Fröscher ◽  
K. Reichmann ◽  
S. N. Reske ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Camera ◽  
The Brain

Bioinformatics-Inspired Algorithms for 2D-Image Analysis-Application to Synthetic and Medical Images Part I

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-38
Author(s):  
Perambur S. Neelakanta ◽  
Deepti Pappusetty
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Synthetic Image ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Binary Correlation ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Brain ◽  
2D Images

To ascertain specific features in bio-/medical-images, a new avenue of using the so-called Needleman-Wunsch (NW) and Smith-Waterman (SW) algorithms (of bioinformatics) is indicated. In general, NW/SW algorithms are adopted in genomic science to obtain optimal (global and local) alignment of two linear sequences (like DNA nucleotide bases) to determine the similarity features between them and such 1D-sequence algorithms are presently extended to compare 2D-images via binary correlation. The efficacy of the proposed method is tested with synthetic images and a brain scan image. Thus, the way of finding the location of a distinct part in a synthetic image and that of a tumour in the brain scan image is demonstrated.

scholarly journals MRI Brain Classification Using the Quantum Entropy LBP and Deep-Learning-Based Features

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Ali M. Hasan ◽  
Hamid A. Jalab ◽  
Rabha W. Ibrahim ◽  
Farid Meziane ◽  
Ala’a R. AL-Shamasneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Local Binary Patterns ◽  
Quantum Entropy ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Brain

Brain tumor detection at early stages can increase the chances of the patient’s recovery after treatment. In the last decade, we have noticed a substantial development in the medical imaging technologies, and they are now becoming an integral part in the diagnosis and treatment processes. In this study, we generalize the concept of entropy difference defined in terms of Marsaglia formula (usually used to describe two different figures, statues, etc.) by using the quantum calculus. Then we employ the result to extend the local binary patterns (LBP) to get the quantum entropy LBP (QELBP). The proposed study consists of two approaches of features extractions of MRI brain scans, namely, the QELBP and the deep learning DL features. The classification of MRI brain scan is improved by exploiting the excellent performance of the QELBP–DL feature extraction of the brain in MRI brain scans. The combining all of the extracted features increase the classification accuracy of long short-term memory network when using it as the brain tumor classifier. The maximum accuracy achieved for classifying a dataset comprising 154 MRI brain scan is 98.80%. The experimental results demonstrate that combining the extracted features improves the performance of MRI brain tumor classification.

scholarly journals God Spots in the Brain: Nine Categories of Unasked, Unanswered Questions

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Network Operations ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
The Brain

Neurotheology is an emerging academic discipline that examines mind-brain relationships in terms of the inter-relatedness of neuroscience, spirituality, and religion. Neurotheology originated from brain-scan studies that revealed specific correlations between certain religious thoughts and localized activated brain areas known as “God Spots.” This relatively young scholarly discipline lacks clear consensus on its definition, ideology, purpose, or prospects for future research. Of special interest is the consideration of the next steps using brain scans to develop this field of research. This review proposes nine categories of future research that could build on the foundation laid by the prior discoveries of God Spots. Specifically, this analysis identifies some sparsely addressed issues that could be usefully explored with new kinds of brain-scan studies: neural network operations, the cognitive neuroscience of prayer, biology of belief, measures of religiosity, role of the self, learning and memory, religious and secular cognitive commonalities, static and functional anatomy, and recruitment of neural processing circuitry. God Spot research is poised to move beyond observation to robust hypothesis generation and testing.

scholarly journals In vivo tracking of intravenously injected mesenchymal stem cells in an Alzheimer’s animal model

2018 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1203-1209
Author(s):  
Bok-Nam Park ◽  
Tae Sung Lim ◽  
Joon-Kee Yoon ◽  
Young-Sil An
Keyword(s):  
Stem Cells ◽  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Animal Model ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Indium 111 ◽  
The Brain

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to investigate how intravenously injected bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) are distributed in the body of an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) animal model. Methods: Stem cells were collected from bone marrow of mice and labeled with Indium-111 (111In). The 111In-labeled BMSCs were infused intravenously into 3×Tg-AD mice in the AD group and non-transgenic mice (B6129SF2/J) as controls. Biodistribution was evaluated with a gamma counter and gamma camera 24 and 48 h after injecting the stem cells. Results: A gamma count of the brain showed a higher distribution of labeled cells in the AD model than in the control group at 24 (p = .0004) and 48 h (p = .0016) after injection of the BMSCs. Similar results were observed by gamma camera imaging (i.e., brain uptake in the AD model was significantly higher than that in the control group). Among the other organs, uptake by the spleen was the highest in both groups. More BMSCs were found in the lungs of the control group than in those of the AD group. Conclusions: These results suggest that more intravenously infused BMSCs reached the brain in the AD model than in the control group, but the numbers of stem cells reaching the brain was very small.

Spect imaging of the serotonin transporter using a novel ligand - 123-I mZIENT - in human subjects - a dosimetry and biodisortribution study

2011 ◽  
Vol 26 (S2) ◽  
pp. 935-935
Author(s):  
R. Krishnadas ◽  
A. Nicol ◽  
S. Champion ◽  
S. Pimlott ◽  
J. Stehouwer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Healthy Volunteers ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Images ◽  
Promising Agent ◽  
Regional Brain ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Spect Images

Levels of serotonin in the body are regulated by the serotonin transporters (SERT), which are predominantly located on the presynaptic terminals of serotonin-containing neurons. Alterations in the density of SERT have been implicated in the pathophysiology of many neuropsychiatric disorders.AimTo evaluate 123-I mZIENT (2(S)-[(S)-2b-carbomethoxy-3b-[3′-((Z)-2-iodoethenyl)phenyl]nortropane), a novel radiopharmaceutical for imaging SERT. The bio-distribution of the radiopharmaceutical in humans was investigated and dosimetry performed.MethodsThe study includes three healthy volunteers and three patients receiving SSRIs. Whole body images obtained on a gamma camera at 10 minutes, 1, 2, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post administration. Dosimetry was performed. ROIs were drawn over the brain, heart, kidneys, liver, lungs, salivary glands, spleen, thyroid and intestines. Blood was sampled at 5, 15, & 30 minutes and 1, 2, 3, 6, 24 and 48 hours post administration. Urine was collected at 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 24 and 48 hours. Brain SPECT images were obtained using a neuroSPECT scanner at 4 hours, evaluated visually and analysed using ROI analysis.ResultsHigh quality SPECT images can be obtained after 100–150 MBq 123-ImZEINT. Regional brain uptake was observed in midbrain and basal ganglia in healthy volunteers, consistent with the known distribution of SERT. Biodistribution images demonstrated highest uptake in the lungs, brain, liver and intestines. The effective dose was within range of other commonly used ligands and is acceptable for clinical imaging.Conclusion123-ImZIENT is a promising agent for imaging SERT in humans with acceptable dosimetry.

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