Usefulness of the Brain Scan in Therapeutic Radiology

Radiology ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 86 (6) ◽  
pp. 1082-1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Roig ◽  
William T. Moss ◽  
James L. Quinn
Keyword(s):  
Therapeutic Radiology ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Brain

The ”true me”—one or many?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iris Berent ◽  
Melanie Platt
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
Optimality Theory ◽  
The Self ◽  
True Self ◽  
Behavioral Test ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Moral Behaviors ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Constraint Ranking

Recent results suggest that people hold a notion of the true self, distinct from the self. Here, we seek to further elucidate the “true me”—whether it is good or bad, material or immaterial. Critically, we ask whether the true self is unitary. To address these questions, we invited participants to reason about John—a character who simultaneously exhibits both positive and negative moral behaviors. John’s character was gauged via two tests--a brain scan and a behavioral test, whose results invariably diverged (i.e., one test indicated that John’s moral core is positive and another negative). Participants assessed John’s true self along two questions: (a) Did John commit his acts (positive and negative) freely? and (b) What is John’s essence really? Responses to the two questions diverged. When asked to evaluate John’s moral core explicitly (by reasoning about his free will), people invariably descried John’s true self as good. But when John’s moral core was assessed implicitly (by considering his essence), people sided with the outcomes of the brain test. These results demonstrate that people hold conflicting notions of the true self. We formally support this proposal by presenting a grammar of the true self, couched within Optimality Theory. We show that the constraint ranking necessary to capture explicit and implicit view of the true self are distinct. Our intuitive belief in a true unitary “me” is thus illusory.

Bioinformatics-Inspired Algorithms for 2D-Image Analysis-Application to Synthetic and Medical Images Part I

2012 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 14-38
Author(s):  
Perambur S. Neelakanta ◽  
Deepti Pappusetty
Keyword(s):  
Image Analysis ◽  
Medical Images ◽  
Synthetic Image ◽  
Local Alignment ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Analysis Application ◽  
Binary Correlation ◽  
Global And Local ◽  
The Brain ◽  
2D Images

To ascertain specific features in bio-/medical-images, a new avenue of using the so-called Needleman-Wunsch (NW) and Smith-Waterman (SW) algorithms (of bioinformatics) is indicated. In general, NW/SW algorithms are adopted in genomic science to obtain optimal (global and local) alignment of two linear sequences (like DNA nucleotide bases) to determine the similarity features between them and such 1D-sequence algorithms are presently extended to compare 2D-images via binary correlation. The efficacy of the proposed method is tested with synthetic images and a brain scan image. Thus, the way of finding the location of a distinct part in a synthetic image and that of a tumour in the brain scan image is demonstrated.

scholarly journals MRI Brain Classification Using the Quantum Entropy LBP and Deep-Learning-Based Features

Entropy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (9) ◽  
pp. 1033
Author(s):  
Ali M. Hasan ◽  
Hamid A. Jalab ◽  
Rabha W. Ibrahim ◽  
Farid Meziane ◽  
Ala’a R. AL-Shamasneh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Brain Tumor ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Local Binary Patterns ◽  
Quantum Entropy ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Quantum Calculus ◽  
Mri Brain ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Brain

Brain tumor detection at early stages can increase the chances of the patient’s recovery after treatment. In the last decade, we have noticed a substantial development in the medical imaging technologies, and they are now becoming an integral part in the diagnosis and treatment processes. In this study, we generalize the concept of entropy difference defined in terms of Marsaglia formula (usually used to describe two different figures, statues, etc.) by using the quantum calculus. Then we employ the result to extend the local binary patterns (LBP) to get the quantum entropy LBP (QELBP). The proposed study consists of two approaches of features extractions of MRI brain scans, namely, the QELBP and the deep learning DL features. The classification of MRI brain scan is improved by exploiting the excellent performance of the QELBP–DL feature extraction of the brain in MRI brain scans. The combining all of the extracted features increase the classification accuracy of long short-term memory network when using it as the brain tumor classifier. The maximum accuracy achieved for classifying a dataset comprising 154 MRI brain scan is 98.80%. The experimental results demonstrate that combining the extracted features improves the performance of MRI brain tumor classification.

scholarly journals God Spots in the Brain: Nine Categories of Unasked, Unanswered Questions

Religions ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 468 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. R. Klemm
Keyword(s):  
Academic Discipline ◽  
Functional Anatomy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Brain Scans ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Network Operations ◽  
Religious Thoughts ◽  
Self Learning ◽  
The Brain

Neurotheology is an emerging academic discipline that examines mind-brain relationships in terms of the inter-relatedness of neuroscience, spirituality, and religion. Neurotheology originated from brain-scan studies that revealed specific correlations between certain religious thoughts and localized activated brain areas known as “God Spots.” This relatively young scholarly discipline lacks clear consensus on its definition, ideology, purpose, or prospects for future research. Of special interest is the consideration of the next steps using brain scans to develop this field of research. This review proposes nine categories of future research that could build on the foundation laid by the prior discoveries of God Spots. Specifically, this analysis identifies some sparsely addressed issues that could be usefully explored with new kinds of brain-scan studies: neural network operations, the cognitive neuroscience of prayer, biology of belief, measures of religiosity, role of the self, learning and memory, religious and secular cognitive commonalities, static and functional anatomy, and recruitment of neural processing circuitry. God Spot research is poised to move beyond observation to robust hypothesis generation and testing.

The Effect of Craniotomy on the Brain Scan

1965 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 425-430 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter D. Van Vliet ◽  
W. Newlon Tauxe ◽  
Hendrik J. Svien ◽  
Dorothy A. Jenkins
Keyword(s):  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Brain

Understanding Stroke

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher R. Burton ◽  
Caroline Smith
Keyword(s):  
Evidence Synthesis ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
Focal Neurological Deficit ◽  
Initial Event ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Health Nursing ◽  
Ct Brain ◽  
Health Organization ◽  
The Brain

The aim of this chapter is to provide nurses with the knowledge to be able to assess, manage, and care for people with stroke in an evidence-based and person-centred way. The chapter will provide a comprehensive overview of the seven stages of stroke, exploring best practice to deliver care, as well as to prevent or minimize further ill-health. Nursing assessments and priorities are highlighted throughout, and the nursing management of the symptoms and common health problems associated with stroke can be found in Chapters 23, 24, and 27, respectively. Stroke is defined as the rapid onset of focal neurological deficit lasting more than 24 hours (in which the patient survives the initial event), with no apparent cause other than disruption of blood supply to the brain (World Health Organization, 1978). As well as being the third commonest cause of death only in middle- and high-income countries (WHO, 1978) (along with cancer and heart disease), stroke is the largest cause of adult physical disability in the world (Bath and Lees, 2000). However, owing to advances in research and evidence synthesis, stroke is now a preventable and treatable disease (National Collaborating Centre for Chronic Conditions (NCCC), 2008). Despite its relative small weight (approximately 2% of body weight), the brain requires 750 ml of bloodflow every minute, and consumes nearly 45% of arterial oxygen (Alexandrov, 2003). Bloodflow to the brain is assured through two circulatory systems (anterior and posterior), which are connected by the circle of Willis, and supplied by the internal carotid and vertebral arteries. Disruption of this bloodflow can be either in the form of a bleed (haemorrhagic stroke) or clot (ischaemic stroke), and the clinical presentation will vary depending on the location of the disruption in the brain. Ischaemic strokes are more common and account for almost 70% of all events (Wolfe et al., 2002). Whilst thorough clinical examination is essential, the only clear tool to identify the type of stroke is to perform a brain scan using either magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) or computed tomography (CT) technology. It is important to note that, often, when a CT brain scan is performed within the first few hours of an event, the scan may not show any significant tissue damage because the changes that occur may take several days to be clearly visible.

scholarly journals Study of Workplace Radiation Dose Rate during the Brain Scanning Procedures

1970 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-30
Author(s):  
MM Ahasan ◽  
SM Badruddoza ◽  
AK Paul ◽  
SK Dey ◽  
FU Ahmed
Keyword(s):  
Radiation Dose ◽  
Dose Rate ◽  
Gamma Camera ◽  
Background Level ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
Patient Handling ◽  
Radiation Dose Rate ◽  
Radiation Level ◽  
Brain Scan ◽  
The Brain

Radiation dose rate in the gamma camera workplace were measured during brain scanning procedures using a dose of 15-20 mCi99mTc-pertechnetate (99mTcO4-) given intravenously to each patient. The study based on randomly selected 20 patients duly registered for brain scan at Centre for Nuclear Medicine & Ultrasound (CNMU), Rajshahi. Radiation dose rate at the patienthandling place and computer-operating place were measured by a high sensitive portable dose ratemeter and a NaI detector. Brain imaging procedures were usually done two hours post injection. Radiation dose rate at the patient-handling place found to be 20±4μSvhr-1 and the computer-operating place were 2±0.4μSvhr-1. Patient skull surface doses were measured also and found to be 120±24μSvhr-1 (one hour post injection) and 80±13μSvhr-1 (two hours post injection). The results showed that the radiation dose rate in the gamma camera workplace during brain scanning procedures found to be nearly 6 to 60 times higher than the background level. The research goals of the study were to measure the workplace radiation level during brain scanning procedures and sketched some special remedial measures to reduce the radiation exposure rate in the gamma camera work environment. doi: 10.3329/taj.v17i1.3486 TAJ 2004; 17(1) : 27-30

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