scholarly journals Reproductive Toxicity to Male Mice of Nose Only Exposure to Water- Pipe Smoke

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-37 ◽  
Author(s):  
Badreldin H. Ali ◽  
Sirin A. Adham ◽  
Khalid A. Al Balushi ◽  
Asem Shalaby ◽  
Mostafa I. Waly ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
The Body ◽  
Water Pipe ◽  
Endothelial Growth Factor

Background/Aims: Water-pipe smoking (WPS) is popular in the Middle East and is starting to gain popularity in several Western countries as well. It is widely and erroneously perceived to be less harmful than other forms of tobacco use. The reproductive adverse effects of cigarette smoking have been studied before with conflicting results, but data on the possible adverse reproductive effects of WPS are lacking. Here, we assessed the effects of nose-only exposure to mainstream WPS generated by commercially available honey-flavored "moasel" tobacco in mice. Methods: The duration of the session was 30 min/day for one month. Control mice were exposed to air. Twenty- four h after the last exposure, mice were killed and the testes and plasma removed for analysis. In testicular homogenates total protein, alkaline phosphatase activity, several indices of oxidative damage and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor 2 (VEGFR2) were quantified. The plasma concentrations of leptin, testosterone, estrogen and luteinizing hormone (LH) were also measured. Histological analysis of testes and lungs was also conducted. Results: WPS caused statistically significant decreases in the plasma concentrations of leptin, testosterone, and LH, and in the concentrations of total protein and the antioxidant indices measured. A statistically non - significant decrease in VEGFR2 protein in the WPS - exposed mice compared to the control mice was also found. The body and testicular weights of mice exposed to WPS, as well as their testicular alkaline phosphatase activity and light microscopic histology, and plasma estrogen concentration were all not significantly affected by WPS. Conclusion: Further studies on the functional implications of these findings in mice exposed to WPS for longer durations are warranted.

Evaluation of feed restriction effects on mineral metabolism of intact male, female and castrated male goat kids

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 2252
Author(s):  
Paula Fernanda Varella Santos ◽  
Carla Joice Härter ◽  
Nhayandra Christina Dias e Silva ◽  
Rafael Fernandes Leite ◽  
Fernanda Oliveira de Miranda Figueiredo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Mineral Metabolism ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Restriction ◽  
Mineral Density ◽  
Saanen Goat ◽  
Magnesium Metabolism ◽  
Ad Libitum

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of feed restriction on calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P) and magnesium metabolism in goat kids from 15 to 30 kg bodyweight, and to evaluate the role of sex in these processes. The study used a split plot design comprising three sex groups (intact males, castrated males and females), and the subplot comprised three levels of feed restriction (0% (ad libitum), 25% and 50%). Mineral intake and retention, mineral concentration in the blood, alkaline phosphatase activity and bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur were determined. The data were analysed as mixed models. Daily Ca, P and magnesium retention in the body decreased linearly with increasing feed restriction (P < 0.05). At 50% feed restriction, we observed a 22% reduction of alkaline phosphatase activity, and 9% and 7% reductions of Ca and P contents in blood serum. The BMD of females fed ad libitum was greater than castrated and intact males, whereas when subjected to 50% feed restriction, no differences in BMD were noted among the sexes (P < 0.01). Irrespective of feed restriction, females tended to retain less P in their bodies (P < 0.10) and tended to have the lowest P serum concentrations (P = 0.08). Our results indicated that only females showed decreased BMD under feed restriction; Ca, P and magnesium metabolism in prepubertal Saanen goat kids was mainly affected by feed restriction, whereas sex mainly affected the P metabolism.

Plasma B-6 Vitamer Changes Following a 50-km Ultramarathon

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 302-314 ◽  
Author(s):  
Scott W. Leonard ◽  
James E. Leklem
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Plasma Glucose ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Blood Samples ◽  
Liquid Intake ◽  
Physical Conditions ◽  
The Mean

The purpose of this study was to measure plasma B-6 vitamers, and other factors which may affect the plasma concentrations of these vitamers under extreme physical conditions. Blood samples were drawn from 8 men and 3 women (43.7 ± 8.6 years) 30 min prior to the start of a 50-km ultramarathon race (pre), and at 5 (PST) and 60 (PST60) min post race. HPLC was used to measure plasma pyridoxal 5’-phosphate (PLP), pyridoxal (PL), pyridoxine (PN), and 4-pyridoxic acid (4-PA). Plasma glucose, albumin, lactate, and alkaline phosphatase activity, as well as hematocrit, and hemoglobin levels were measured. Food and liquid intake was assessed during the run. There was a significant (p < .001) decrease in the plasma PLP concentration between pre and PST, with a mean decrease of 12.9 ± 8.8 nmol/L (31% decrease). At PST60, there was a further decrease in plasma PLP concentration bringing the total decrease to 17.9 nmol/L (44%). The plasma TB6 concentration also decreased after the run, but the mean decrease was only 13.5 nmol/L (pre to PST60). PL increased 25% after the run, and did not change further at PST60. The mean plasma 4-PA concentration increased 21% post run and decreased to just below the pre-run value 1 hr post race. The plasma PLP decrease measured in the current study is not consistent with what has previously been reported during shorter length endurance studies.

Carbohydrate reserves and phosphatase activity in the mollusc-trematode relationship ofMytilus edulisL. andProctoeces maculatus(Looss, 1901) Odhner, 1911

1974 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emmet A. Dennis ◽  
Marian Sharp ◽  
Rudd Douglass
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Leydig Cells ◽  
Glycogen Content ◽  
Maximum Level ◽  
The Body ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Carbohydrate Reserves ◽  
High Metabolic Activity

AbstractBiochemical and histochemical techniques were employed to study tissue distribution, and concentrations of carbohydrate reserves and phosphatase activity in uninfected Mytilus edulis and specimens parasitized byProctoeces maculatus. Glycogen was stored in the mantle, hepatopancreas, labial palps and mesosomal Leydig cells of the mussel, and in the body parenchyma of post-miracidial stages of the trematode. The glycogen content of the mantle and hepatopancreas increased steadily from January to a maximum level in June and then declined sharply to a minimum level in December. No differences were observed in the annual glycogen cycle of infected and uninfected mussels. Starvation of mussels at a temperature conducive to high metabolic activity of the worms resulted in a rapid decline in the glycogen content of infected mussels by the first week of starvation. A stable glycogen concentration was maintained for 4 weeks by starved uninfected mussels. The distribution of acid phosphatase activity in the tissues ofM. edulisandP. maculatuswas greater than that of alkaline phosphatase activity, but increased alkaline phosphatase activity was observed in the haemolymph of mussels infected with adultP. maculatus.

LEUCOCYTE METABOLISM IN PREGNANCY

1960 ◽  
Vol XXXV (IV) ◽  
pp. 575-584 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Borel ◽  
J. Frei ◽  
A. Vannotti
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Oxygen Consumption ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Alkaline Phosphatase Activity ◽  
Lactate Production ◽  
Glucose Consumption ◽  
In Pregnancy

ABSTRACT Enzymatic studies, on leucocytes of pregnant women, show an increase of the alkaline phosphatase activity and a decrease of the glucose consumption and lactate production, as well as of proteolysis. The oxygen consumption, with succinate as substrate, does not vary.

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