Immediate Metabolic Consequences of Intrauterine Growth Restriction and Low Birthweight

2013 ◽  
pp. 157-164
Author(s):  
Jatinder Bhatia ◽  
Amy Gates
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

scholarly journals Correction to: Low birthweight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth restriction: results from the baseline data of the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil (Guarani Birth Cohort)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Tatiana Garcia Barreto ◽  
Felipe Guimarães Tavares ◽  
Mariza Theme-Filha ◽  
Yasmin Nascimento Farias ◽  
Lídia de Nazaré Pantoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via the original article.

Assessment of learning ability and behaviour in low birthweight lambs following intrauterine growth restriction

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 165 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. J. Camm ◽  
M. E. Gibbs ◽  
M. L. Cock ◽  
S. M. Rees ◽  
R. Harding
Keyword(s):  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Postnatal Period ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Trial Duration ◽  
Subsequent Performance ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Assessment Of Learning ◽  
The Times

The present study used behavioural tasks to assess learning ability and behaviour in postnatal lambs, and to examine the effects of low birthweight (LBW) and age on subsequent performance. It was hypothesized that intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and LBW lead to learning and behavioural deficits in the early postnatal period. IUGR and LBW were induced by umbilico-placental embolization from 120 days of gestational age (g.a.) to the onset of labour. Behavioural studies were performed on 6 LBW and 6 control lambs between 2 and 6 weeks after birth. LBW lambs were born at 139 1 days g.a. (2.4 0.2 kg) and control lambs were born at 149 1 days g.a. (4.5 0.4 kg). Three tasks were used to assess the learning ability and behaviour of the lambs: a simple maze, an obstacle course, and a T-maze. LBW lambs took longer to complete the simple maze at all ages, and made a greater number of errors at Week 1 of testing compared to control lambs; the total trial duration and number of errors decreased with age for both groups. In the obstacle course, the times taken to complete the first and third trials were used for analysis; a decrease in trial time and the number of errors from Trial 1 to Trial 3 were indications of the lamb’s ability to learn how to negotiate the objects within the course. LBW lambs recorded longer trial durations for the first trial at Week 5 of testing, and for the third trial at Week 4. LBW lambs made more errors for the first trial at Week 5 of testing than control lambs. In the T-maze, there was no significant effect of treatment or age. It was concluded that differences between the groups may have been the result of LBW lambs being prematurely born. The value of these tasks in the assessment of learning ability and behaviour in young lambs is discussed.

scholarly journals Low birthweight, prematurity, and intrauterine growth restriction: results from the baseline data of the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil (Guarani Birth Cohort)

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carla Tatiana Garcia Barreto ◽  
Felipe Guimarães Tavares ◽  
Mariza Theme-Filha ◽  
Yasmin Nascimento Farias ◽  
Lídia de Nazaré Pantoja ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Perinatal Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Baseline Data ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Intrauterine Growth

Abstract Background Low birthweight (LBW) remains an important global health problem, associated with a range of adverse life-course health outcomes. Evidence suggests that LBW is a relevant determinant of morbidity and mortality in indigenous groups, who generally have limited access to public policies on health and nutrition. Knowledge of the prevalence of LBW and its underlying causes can contribute essential steps to the prevention of its health effects. The study aimed to estimate the prevalence rates of LBW, prematurity, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) and to investigate their determinants in the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil. Methods This cross-sectional study used baseline data collected from the first indigenous birth cohort in Brazil, the Guarani Birth Cohort. Brazil is one of the most ethnically diverse countries in the world, with 305 indigenous peoples and 274 native languages. The Guarani are one of the five largest ethnic groups, with villages located mostly in the southern region. All singleton births from June 1, 2014, to May 31, 2016, were selected in 63 Guarani indigenous villages in the South and Southeast regions. Hierarchical multiple logistic regression was performed. Results Prevalence rates for LBW, prematurity, and IUGR were 15.5, 15.6, and 5.7%, respectively. The odds of LBW were lower in newborns of mothers living in brick and mortar housing (OR: 0.25; 95%CI: 0.07–0.84) and were higher in children of mothers ≤20 years of age (OR: 2.4; 95%CI: 1.29–4.44) and with chronic anemia before pregnancy (OR: 6.41; 95% CI: 1.70–24.16). Prematurity was statistically associated with the type of energy source for cooking (wood-burning stove – OR: 3.87; 95%CI: 1.71–8.78 and bonfires – OR: 2.57; 95%CI: 1.31–5.01). IUGR was associated with primiparity (OR: 4.66; 95%CI: 1.68–12.95) and chronic maternal anemia before pregnancy (OR: 7.21; 95%CI: 1.29–40.38). Conclusions Maternal age, nutritional status, and parity, housing conditions, and exposure to indoor pollution were associated with perinatal outcomes in the Guarani indigenous population. These results indicate the need to invest in access to, and improvement of, prenatal care; also in strengthening the Indigenous Healthcare Subsystem, and in inter-sector actions for the development of housing policies and sanitation and environmental improvements adjusted to needs and knowledge of the indigenous people.

scholarly journals Going Up Inflame: Reviewing the Underexplored Role of Inflammatory Programming in Stress-Induced Intrauterine Growth Restricted Livestock

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zena M. Hicks ◽  
Dustin T. Yates
Keyword(s):  
Fetal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Low Birthweight ◽  
Muscle Growth ◽  
Early Death ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
The Impact

The impact of intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) on health in humans is well-recognized. It is the second leading cause of perinatal mortality worldwide, and it is associated with deficits in metabolism and muscle growth that increase lifelong risk for hypertension, obesity, hyperlipidemia, and type 2 diabetes. Comparatively, the barrier that IUGR imposes on livestock production is less recognized by the industry. Meat animals born with low birthweight due to IUGR are beset with greater early death loss, inefficient growth, and reduced carcass merit. These animals exhibit poor feed-to-gain ratios, less lean mass, and greater fat deposition, which increase production costs and decrease value. Ultimately, this reduces the amount of meat produced by each animal and threatens the economic sustainability of livestock industries. Intrauterine growth restriction is most commonly the result of fetal programming responses to placental insufficiency, but the exact mechanisms by which this occurs are not well-understood. In uncompromised pregnancies, inflammatory cytokines are produced at modest rates by placental and fetal tissues and play an important role in fetal development. However, unfavorable intrauterine conditions can cause cytokine activity to be excessive during critical windows of fetal development. Our recent evidence indicates that this impacts developmental programming of muscle growth and metabolism and contributes to the IUGR phenotype. In this review, we outline the role of inflammatory cytokine activity in the development of normal and IUGR phenotypes. We also highlight the contributions of sheep and other animal models in identifying mechanisms for IUGR pathologies.

Pathological features of the sequence in pregnant women with delayed fetal growth

2019 ◽  
pp. 50-54
Author(s):  
V.O. Golyanovskiy ◽  
◽  
Ye.O. Didyk ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Intrauterine Growth Restriction ◽  
Normal Development ◽  
Intrauterine Infection ◽  
Normal Pregnancy ◽  
Growth Restriction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intrauterine Growth ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Infection And Inflammation

Pregnant women with intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) have an increased risk of adverse perinatal and long-term complications compared with the birth of children with normal body weight. Thus, IUGR is one of the main challenges for the global health system, especially in poor and developing countries. Morpho-functional studies of the placentas help in determining the causes of IUGR, and therefore, timely prevent complications in pregnant women with IUGR. The objective: The purpose of this study is to investigate various morphometric and pathomorphological changes in the placenta, including inflammatory, in cases of IUGR, and to establish a correlation of these results with the etiology and complications for the fetus. Materials and methods. In the current study, 54 placentas of the fetuses with IUGR (the main group) were compared with 50 placentas of the fetuses with normal development (control group). The criteria for the inclusion of IUGR were gestational age more than 30 weeks and all fetuses with a weight less than 10th percentile for this period of pregnancy. The placenta material was studied pathomorphologically with laboratory screening for infection and inflammation. Similarly, the results were determined for placentas of the fetuses with normal development compared to placentas with IUGR. Results. The placenta study showed the presence of calcification in the case of IUGR, as well as in the case of prolonged pregnancy. However, calcification of the placenta in the case of IUGR was more progressive compared with placenta in the normal pregnancy. In addition, the presence of intrauterine infection and inflammation was observed, which could also lead to an adverse outcome for the further progression of pregnancy with IUGR. Conclusion. A comparative macro- and microscopic pathomorphological study of the placentas in the two groups has shown a significant increase in the pathological changes in all the anatomical structures of the fetuses with IUGR. Key words: Intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR), fetal weight, pathomorphological changes of the placenta.

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