Repetitive DNAs and Differentiation of Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes

2011 ◽  
Vol 132 (3) ◽  
pp. 188-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.B. Cioffi ◽  
J.P.M. Camacho ◽  
L.A.C. Bertollo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Neotropical Fishes

scholarly journals Chromosomal Evolution in Lower Vertebrates: Sex Chromosomes in Neotropical Fishes

Genes ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marcelo de Bello Cioffi ◽  
Cassia Fernanda Yano ◽  
Alexandr Sember ◽  
Luiz Antônio Carlos Bertollo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Neotropical Fishes ◽  
Lower Vertebrates

Genomic Organization and Physical Mapping of Tandemly Arranged Repetitive DNAs in Sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus)

2017 ◽  
Vol 152 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-157 ◽  
Author(s):  
Larisa S. Biltueva ◽  
Dimitry Y. Prokopov ◽  
Alexey I. Makunin ◽  
Alexey S. Komissarov ◽  
Anna V. Kudryavtseva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Repetitive Dna ◽  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Repetitive Sequences ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Acipenser Ruthenus ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
And Cluster Analysis ◽  
Cryptic Sex ◽  
Sterlet Acipenser Ruthenus

Acipenseriformes represent a phylogenetically basal clade of ray-finned fish characterized by unusual genomic traits, including paleopolyploid states of extant genomes with high chromosome numbers and slow rates of molecular evolution. Despite a high interest in this fish group, only a limited number of studies have been accomplished on the isolation and characterization of repetitive DNA, karyotype standardization is not yet complete, and sex chromosomes are still to be identified. Here, we applied next-generation sequencing and cluster analysis to characterize major fractions of sterlet (Acipenser ruthenus) repetitive DNA. Using FISH, we mapped 16 tandemly arranged sequences on sterlet chromosomes and found them to be unevenly distributed in the genome with a tendency to cluster in particular regions. Some of the satellite DNAs might be used as specific markers to identify individual chromosomes and their paralogs, resulting in the unequivocal identification of at least 18 chromosome pairs. Our results provide an insight into the characteristic genomic distribution of the most common sterlet repetitive sequences. Biased accumulation of repetitive DNAs in particular chromosomes makes them especially interesting for further search for cryptic sex chromosomes. Future studies of these sequences in other acipenserid species will provide new perspectives regarding the evolution of repetitive DNA within the genomes of this fish order.

scholarly journals Chromosomal Mapping of Repetitive DNAs in Myiopsitta monachus and Amazona aestiva (Psittaciformes, Psittacidae) with Emphasis on the Sex Chromosomes

2017 ◽  
Vol 151 (3) ◽  
pp. 151-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ivanete de Oliveira Furo ◽  
Rafael Kretschmer ◽  
Michelly S. dos Santos ◽  
Carlos A. de Lima Carvalho ◽  
Ricardo J. Gunski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Evolutionary Process ◽  
Distal Region ◽  
Chromosomal Mapping ◽  
W Chromosome ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Myiopsitta Monachus ◽  
First Time ◽  
Whole Chromosome Painting

Here, for the first time, we describe the karyotype of Myiopsitta monachus (Psittacidae, Arini). We found 2n = 48, corresponding to the lowest diploid number observed in Neotropical Psittaciformes so far, with an uncommonly large W chromosome homomorphic to the Z. In order to better understand the evolution of the sex chromosomes in this species, we applied several molecular cytogenetic approaches, including C-banding, FISH mapping of repetitive DNAs (several microsatellite repeats), and whole-chromosome painting on metaphases of M. monachus. For comparison, another species belonging to the same tribe but with a smaller W chromosome (A. aestiva) was also analyzed. The results show that the constitutive heterochromatin has a very diverse distribution pattern in these species revealing heterochromatic blocks in the centromeric region of all chromosomes and in most of the length of the W chromosome in A. aestiva, while in M. monachus they were found in interstitial and telomeric regions. Concerning the microsatellites, only the sequence (CG)n produced signals on the W chromosome of A. aestiva, in the distal region of both arms. However, in M. monachus, (CAA)n, (CAG)n, and (CG)n probes were accumulated on the W chromosome, and, in addition, the sequence (CAG)n also hybridized to heterochromatic regions in macrochromosomes, as well as in microchromosomes. Based on these results, we suggest that the increase in length of the W chromosome in M. monachus is due to the amplification of repetitive elements, which highlights their significant role in the evolutionary process of sex chromosome differentiation.

The contrasting role of heterochromatin in the differentiation of sex chromosomes: an overview from Neotropical fishes

2012 ◽  
Vol 80 (6) ◽  
pp. 2125-2139 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. B. Cioffi ◽  
O. Moreira-Filho ◽  
L. F. Almeida-Toledo ◽  
L. A. C. Bertollo
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Neotropical Fishes

scholarly journals Genomic Differences Between the Sexes in a Fish Species Seen Through Satellite DNAs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carolina Crepaldi ◽  
Emiliano Martí ◽  
Évelin Mariani Gonçalves ◽  
Dardo Andrea Martí ◽  
Patricia Pasquali Parise-Maltempi
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
Satellite Dnas ◽  
Closely Related Species ◽  
Neotropical Fishes ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome System ◽  
Species Specific ◽  
Female Genome ◽  
Shed Light

Neotropical fishes have highly diversified karyotypic and genomic characteristics and present many diverse sex chromosome systems, with various degrees of sex chromosome differentiation. Knowledge on their sex-specific composition and evolution, however, is still limited. Satellite DNAs (satDNAs) are tandemly repeated sequences with pervasive genomic distribution and distinctive evolutionary pathways, and investigating satDNA content might shed light into how genome architecture is organized in fishes and in their sex chromosomes. The present study investigated the satellitome of Megaleporinus elongatus, a freshwater fish with a proposed Z1Z1Z2Z2/Z1W1Z2W2 multiple sex chromosome system that encompasses a highly heterochromatic and differentiated W1 chromosome. The species satellitome comprises of 140 different satDNA families, including previously isolated sequences and new families found in this study. This diversity is remarkable considering the relatively low proportion that satDNAs generally account for the M. elongatus genome (around only 5%). Differences between the sexes in regards of satDNA content were also evidenced, as these sequences are 14% more abundant in the female genome. The occurrence of sex-biased signatures of satDNA evolution in the species is tightly linked to satellite enrichment associated with W1 in females. Although both sexes share practically all satDNAs, the overall massive amplification of only a few of them accompanied the W1 differentiation. We also investigated the expansion and diversification of the two most abundant satDNAs of M. elongatus, MelSat01-36 and MelSat02-26, both highly amplified sequences in W1 and, in MelSat02-26’s case, also harbored by Z2 and W2 chromosomes. We compared their occurrences in M. elongatus and the sister species M. macrocephalus (with a standard ZW sex chromosome system) and concluded that both satDNAs have led to the formation of highly amplified arrays in both species; however, they formed species-specific organization on female-restricted sex chromosomes. Our results show how satDNA composition is highly diversified in M. elongatus, in which their accumulation is significantly contributing to W1 differentiation and not satDNA diversity per se. Also, the evolutionary behavior of these repeats may be associated with genome plasticity and satDNA variability between the sexes and between closely related species, influencing how seemingly homeologous heteromorphic sex chromosomes undergo independent satDNA evolution.

Chromosomal Evolution in the Amolops mantzorum Species Group (Ranidae; Anura) Narrated by Repetitive DNAs

2019 ◽  
Vol 157 (3) ◽  
pp. 172-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Liu ◽  
Menghuan Song ◽  
Wei Luo ◽  
Yun Xia ◽  
Xiaomao Zeng
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Sex Chromosome ◽  
5S Rdna ◽  
Chromosomal Evolution ◽  
Species Group ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Microsatellite Repeats ◽  
Heteromorphic Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Rapid Changes ◽  
5S Rdna Sequence

In an attempt to analyze the organization of repetitive DNAs in the amphibian genome, 7 microsatellite motifs and a 5S rDNA sequence were synthesized and mapped in the karyotypes of 5 Amolops species. The results revealed nonrandom distribution of the microsatellite repeats, usually in the heterochromatic regions, as found in other organisms. These microsatellite repeats showed rapid changes among Amolops species, documenting the recent evolutionary history within this lineage. In contrast, 5S rDNA was localized in chromosomes 5 of all species, suggesting that these chromosomes are homologous within the monophyletic clade. Furthermore, the heteromorphic X and Y sex chromosomes (chromosomes 5) of A.mantzorum, had identical patterns of 5S rDNA, indicating that the subtelocentric Y resulted from a pericentric inversion. Several microsatellite repeats were found in the heteromorphic sex chromosomes, verifying the association of repetitive DNAs with sex chromosome differentiation in A. mantzorum.

Chromosomes and DNA of Anguilla anguilla: a study with restriction endonucleases

Genome ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 838-843 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Cau ◽  
E. Coluccia ◽  
A. M. Deiana ◽  
G. Pichiri ◽  
R. Rossino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Anguilla Anguilla ◽  
Restriction Enzymes ◽  
Restriction Endonucleases ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Fish Chromosomes ◽  
Dna Restriction ◽  
Dna Restriction Enzymes

We have studied fixed chromosomes and purified DNA of Anguilla anguilla L. after digestion with HaeIII, AluI, MboI, and DdeI restriction endonucleases. Our data demonstrated (i) confirmation of the heteromorphic nature of NORs, (ii) absence of detectable sex chromosomes, and (iii) presence of discrete intercalary domains in this species. Our data also permitted us to hypothesize the existence of highly repetitive DNAs, localized in specific heterochromatic regions of A. anguilla chromosomes.Key words: fish, chromosomes, DNA, restriction enzymes.

Heterochromatin heterogeneity and rapid divergence of the sex chromosomes in Chorthippus parallelus parallelus and C. p. erythropus (Orthoptera)

Genome ◽  
1993 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 542-547 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. L. Bella ◽  
L. Serrano ◽  
G. M. Hewitt ◽  
J. Gosálvez
Keyword(s):  
Sex Chromosomes ◽  
Hybrid Zones ◽  
Mitotic Chromosomes ◽  
Chromomycin A3 ◽  
Repetitive Dnas ◽  
Chorthippus Parallelus ◽  
C Banding ◽  
Structure And Dynamics ◽  
Rates Of Evolution ◽  
Rapid Divergence

Mitotic chromosomes from individuals of a Pyrenean hybrid zone between two subspecies of the grasshopper Chorthippus parallelus have been pretreated as for C-banding and subsequently stained with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) and (or) Chromomycin A3 (CMA). The results, which are different from those obtained with Giemsa C-banding or standard DAPI – CMA treatments show (i) hidden heterochromatic heterogeneity that may be correlated with the existence of distinct families of repetitive DNAs, (ii) information about the possible independent origin of the three detected types of heterochromatin, and (iii) a further marker difference between the sex chromosomes of these two subspecies. This last result leads us to discuss the possible differential rates of evolution of sex chromosomes and autosomes in these subspecies and provides us with a new tool for the study of the structure and dynamics of this hybrid zone.Key words: hybrid zones, Orthoptera, cytogenetics, heterochromatin, fluorescence.

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