Prognostic Validity of the Cycloid Psychoses

Helmut Beckmann; Jürgen Fritze; Mario Lanczik

doi:10.1159/000284662

Prognostic Validity of the Cycloid Psychoses

Psychopathology ◽

10.1159/000284662 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 23 (4-6) ◽

pp. 205-211 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Helmut Beckmann ◽

Jürgen Fritze ◽

Mario Lanczik

Keyword(s):

Cycloid Psychoses

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Treatment strategies in cycloid psychoses

Biological Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0006-3223(97)86908-9 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 42 (1) ◽

pp. 12S-13S

Author(s):

G. Solti

Keyword(s):

Treatment Strategies ◽

Cycloid Psychoses

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Switch Processes and Rapid Cycling in Bipolar Affective Disorders, Cycloid Psychoses and Nonsystematic Schizophrenia

Psychopathology ◽

10.1159/000284674 ◽

1990 ◽

Vol 23 (4-6) ◽

pp. 291-302 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Peter Bräunig

Keyword(s):

Affective Disorders ◽

Rapid Cycling ◽

Cycloid Psychoses ◽

Bipolar Affective Disorders

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The Clinical Distinction between the Affective Psychoses and Schizophrenia

The British Journal of Psychiatry ◽

10.1192/s0007125000193225 ◽

1970 ◽

Vol 117 (538) ◽

pp. 261-266 ◽

Cited By ~ 154

Author(s):

R. E. Kendell ◽

Jane Gourlay

Keyword(s):

Turn Of The Century ◽

Dementia Praecox ◽

Mixed States ◽

Defence Mechanisms ◽

Mood Change ◽

Psychiatric Classification ◽

Manic Depressive Psychosis ◽

Manic Depressive ◽

Cycloid Psychoses ◽

Affective Symptoms

The distinction between schizophrenic and affective illnesses has been one of the cornerstones of psychiatric classification ever since Kraepelin introduced the twin concepts of dementia praecox and manic depressive psychosis at the turn of the century. It has also long been recognized that some patients have both schizophrenic and affective symptoms, and various interpretations have been placed on these mixed states. To some continental psychiatrists they constitute a third group of psychoses distinct from both schizophrenia and manic-depressive psychosis—the degeneration psychoses of Kleist or the cycloid psychoses of Leonhard. By others they are regarded as genuine mixed states, with the implication that elements of both schizophrenia and manic depressive illnesses are contributing, perhaps because the genetic or constitutional endowment is mixed, perhaps because two alternative defence mechanisms are being utilized simultaneously. Often, however, mixed symptomatology is simply ignored, either by discounting the schizophrenic symptoms and focusing attention on the mood change, or, as most American psychiatrists do, by glossing over the affective symptoms and regarding the illness as a form of schizophrenia differing in no significant respect from other schizophrenias.

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