Personality Traits in Former Depressed Patients and in Healthy Subjects without Past History of Depression

1984 ◽  
Vol 17 (4) ◽  
pp. 178-186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlo Perris ◽  
Martin Eisemann ◽  
Lars von Knorring ◽  
Hjördis Perris
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
Past History ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Neuroticism in familial depression

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-161 ◽  
Author(s):  
Randy Katz ◽  
Peter McGuffin
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptomatology ◽  
Past History ◽  
The State ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
Familial Vulnerability ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of Depression

SynopsisThis study examined the relationship between personality factors and depression in subjects who may have a familial vulnerability to depression (i.e. first-degree relatives of depressed patients). Four groups comprised our study sample: relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression; relatives who had experienced a psychiatric episode of depression but were currently well; relatives who had never experienced a psychiatric episode of depression but were currently depressed; and relatives who had experienced a past history of depression and were currently depressed. Of the four personality characteristics measured (Psychoticism, Extraversion, Neuroticism and Lie), the only significant effects between groups appeared to be attributable to Neuroticism (N).The strongest association was between current illness and N. There was also a tendency for subjects with a past history of depression to have an inflated N score. However, this appeared to be associated with the presence of current depressive symptomatology. Our findings indicate that when current symptomatology is taken into account Neuroticism does not seem to reflect the trait of liability to depression, but is strongly associated with the state of being depressed.

PREVALENCE AND RELATED FACTORS OF POSTNATAL DEPRESSION IN HIV INFECTED WOMEN

2014 ◽  
pp. 140-152
Author(s):  
Manh Hoan Nguyen ◽  
Ngoc Thanh Cao
Keyword(s):  
Regression Analysis ◽  
Postpartum Depression ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Postnatal Depression ◽  
Past History ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Background and Objective: HIV infection is also a cause of postpartum depression, however, in Vietnam, there has not yet the prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. The objective is to determine prevalence and related factors of postpartum depression in HIV infected women. Materials and Methods: From November 30th, 2012 to March 30th, 2014, a prospective cohort study is done at Dong Nai and Binh Duong province. The sample includes135 HIV infected women and 405 non infected women (ratio 1/3) who accepted to participate to the research. We used “Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) as a screening test when women hospitalized for delivery and 1 week, 6weeks postpartum. Mother who score EPDS ≥ 13 are likely to be suffering from depression. We exclude women who have EPDS ≥ 13 since just hospitalize. Data are collected by a structural questionaire. Results: At 6 weeks postpartum, prevalence of depression in HIV infected women is 61%, in the HIV non infected women is 8.7% (p < 0.001). There are statistical significant differences (p<0.05) between two groups for some factors: education, profession, income, past history of depression, child’s health, breast feeding. Logistical regression analysis determine these factors are related with depression: late diagnosis of HIV infection, child infected of HIV, feeling guilty of HIV infected and feeling guilty with their family. Multivariate regression analysis showed 4 factors are related with depression: HIV infection, living in the province, child’s health, past history of depression. Conclusion: Prevalence of postpartum depression in HIV infected women is 61.2%; risk of depression of postnatal HIV infected women is 6.4 times the risk of postnatal HIV non infected women, RR=6.4 (95% CI:4.3 – 9.4). Domestic women have lower risk than immigrant women from other province, RR=0.72 (95% CI:0.5 – 0.9). Past history of depression is a risk factor with RR=1.7 (95% CI:1.02 – 0.9. Women whose child is weak or die, RR=1.7(95% CI:0.9 – 3.1). Keywords: Postpartum depression, HIV-positive postpartum women

Quality of parenting and vulnerability to depression: results from a family study

1998 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-191 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. DUGGAN ◽  
P. SHAM ◽  
C. MINNE ◽  
A. LEE ◽  
R. MURRAY
Keyword(s):  
Mental Illness ◽  
Family Study ◽  
Past History ◽  
Familial Risk ◽  
Self Report ◽  
History Of ◽  
Quality Of Parenting ◽  
Independent Effects ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
History Of Depression

Background. We examined a group of subjects at familial risk of depression and explored the relationship between the perceptions of parents and a history of depression. We also investigated: (a) whether any difference in perceived parenting found between those with and without a past history of depression was an artefact of the depression; and (b) whether the relationship between parenting and depression was explained by neuroticism.Method. We took a sample of first-degree relatives selected from a family study in depression and subdivided them by their history of mental illness on the SADS-L, into those: (a) without a history of mental illness (N=43); and (b) those who had fully recovered from an episode of RDC major depression (N=34). We compared the perceptions of parenting, as measured by the Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), in these two groups having adjusted for the effect of neuroticism and subsyndromal depressive symptoms. We also had informants report on parenting of their siblings, the latter being subdivided into those with and without a past history of depression.Results. Relatives with a past history of depression showed lower care scores for both mother and father combined compared with the never ill relatives. The presence of a history of depression was associated with a non-significant reduction in the self-report care scores compared to the siblings report. Vulnerable personality (as measured by high neuroticism) and low perceived care were both found to exert independent effects in discriminating between the scores of relatives with and without a history of depression and there was no interaction between them.Conclusion. This study confirmed that low perceived parental care was associated with a past history of depression, that it was not entirely an artefact of having been depressed, and suggested that this association was partially independent of neuroticism.

Suicide in Chronic Schizophrenia

1982 ◽  
Vol 141 (2) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alec Roy
Keyword(s):  
Suicidal Ideation ◽  
Patient Care ◽  
Past History ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenic ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

SummaryA matched controlled study of 30 chronic schizophrenic suicides is presented. Eighty per cent were male and committed suicide at a mean age of 25.8 years after a mean duration of illness of 4.8 years. Significantly more of the suicides had a chronic relapsing schizophrenic illness; 23.3 per cent committed suicide while in-patients, and 50 per cent of the out-patients committed suicide within three months of discharge from in-patient care. Significantly more of the suicides had a past history of depression (56.6 per cent), were depressed in the last episode of contact (53.3 per cent), had their last admission for depression or suicidal ideation (55.2 per cent) and were unemployed (80 per cent).

The assessment of dysfunctional attitudes and their role in the onset, persistence and recurrence of clinical depression

1995 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 379-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Francis C. Charlton ◽  
Mick J. Power
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
Prospective Studies ◽  
Past History ◽  
Cognitive Model ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Dysfunctional Attitudes ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

Dysfunctional attitudes have been proposed as an important vulnerability factor in the cognitive model of depression. Yet it has often proved difficult to demonstrate their existence in non‐symptomatic populations. We examine the ways in which dysfunctional attitudes have been conceptualized and assessed, from self‐report methods to information‐processing tasks. A s dysfunctional attitudes are typically viewed as latent in non‐symptomatic groups, the importance of priming or activating such variables is emphasized, together with recommendations as to how this may best be achieved. Comparative studies of depressed, control, and at‐risk groups are then considered, together with longitudinal studies that have directly testedpredictions of the cognitive model. Prospective studies of non‐depressed, non‐clinical samples have so far had mixed results in demonstrating that dysfunctional attitudes precede depression or that specific attitudes interact with congruent events in the way the model predicts, although more consistent results emerge from clinical samples with a past history of depression. Possible reasons for the variability in findings are presented, together with suggestions for further research and a revised cognitive model of depression.

scholarly journals Problem-Based Review: Paracetamol Overdose

2011 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 212-215
Author(s):  
Tom Heaps ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Emergency Department ◽  
Glasgow Coma Scale ◽  
Past History ◽  
Previous History ◽  
Past Medical History ◽  
Minute Period ◽  
Normal Diameter ◽  
History Of ◽  
Self Harm ◽  
History Of Depression

A 29-year old male presents to the emergency department 1h after an overdose of cocodamol. He admits to taking approximately 60 x 8/500mg tablets, with alcohol, over a 20 minute period. He has a past history of depression, treated by his GP with citalopram 20mg OD. He has no previous history of deliberate self-harm. His past medical history is otherwise unremarkable and he is not on any additional medications. He drinks approximately 40 units of alcohol per week. Physical examination is unremarkable, his pupils are normal diameter and his Glasgow Coma Scale is 15. He weighs 82kg.

The Occurrence of Depression Following Mania

1989 ◽  
Vol 154 (5) ◽  
pp. 705-708 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. P. Lucas ◽  
J. C. Rigby ◽  
S. B. Lucas
Keyword(s):  
Discriminant Analysis ◽  
Family History ◽  
Retrospective Analysis ◽  
Affective Disorder ◽  
Past History ◽  
Premorbid Personality ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

In a retrospective analysis of 100 cases of mania (1981–1985), the incidence of subsequent depression was found to be 30%. Its occurrence was significantly associated with three factors: cyclothymic premorbid personality, family history of affective disorder, and past history of depression. By discriminant analysis, outcome could be predicted successfully in 81% of cases.

scholarly journals Despite worse baseline status depressed patients achieved outcomes similar to those in nondepressed patients after surgery for cervical deformity

2017 ◽  
Vol 43 (6) ◽  
pp. E10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gregory W. Poorman ◽  
Peter G. Passias ◽  
Samantha R. Horn ◽  
Nicholas J. Frangella ◽  
Alan H. Daniels ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neck Pain ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Japanese Orthopaedic Association ◽  
Clinical Depression ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Cervical Deformity ◽  
Depressed Patients ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Impact ◽  
History Of Depression

OBJECTIVEDepression and anxiety have been demonstrated to have negative impacts on outcomes after spine surgery. In patients with cervical deformity (CD), the psychological and physiological burdens of the disease may overlap without clear boundaries. While surgery has a proven record of bringing about significant pain relief and decreased disability, the impact of depression and anxiety on recovery from cervical deformity corrective surgery has not been previously reported on in the literature. The purpose of the present study was to determine the effect of depression and anxiety on patients’ recovery from and improvement after CD surgery.METHODSThe authors conducted a retrospective review of a prospective, multicenter CD database. Patients with a history of clinical depression, in addition to those with current self-reported anxiety or depression, were defined as depressed (D group). The D group was compared with nondepressed patients (ND group) with a similar baseline deformity determined by propensity score matching of the cervical sagittal vertical axis (cSVA). Baseline demographic, comorbidity, clinical, and radiographic data were compared among patients using t-tests. Improvement of symptoms was recorded at 3 months, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. All health-related quality of life (HRQOL) scores collected at these follow-up time points were compared using t-tests.RESULTSSixty-six patients were matched for baseline radiographic parameters: 33 with a history of depression and/or current depression, and 33 without. Depressed patients had similar age, sex, race, and radiographic alignment: cSVA, T-1 slope minus C2–7 lordosis, SVA, and T-1 pelvic angle (p > 0.05). Compared with nondepressed individuals, depressed patients had a higher incidence of osteoporosis (21.2% vs 3.2%, p = 0.028), rheumatoid arthritis (18.2% vs 3.2%, p = 0.012), and connective tissue disorders (18.2% vs 3.2%, p = 0.012). At baseline, the D group had greater neck pain (7.9 of 10 vs 6.6 on a Numeric Rating Scale [NRS], p = 0.015), lower mean EQ-5D scores (68.9 vs 74.7, p < 0.001), but similar Neck Disability Index (NDI) scores (57.5 vs 49.9, p = 0.063) and myelopathy scores (13.4 vs 13.9, p = 0.546). Surgeries performed in either group were similar in terms of number of levels fused, osteotomies performed, and correction achieved (baseline to 3-month measurements) (p < 0.05). At 3 months, EQ-5D scores remained lower in the D group (74.0 vs 78.2, p = 0.044), and NDI scores were similar (48.5 vs 39.0, p = 0.053). However, neck pain improved in the D group (NRS score of 5.0 vs 4.3, p = 0.331), and modified Japanese Orthopaedic Association (mJOA) scores remained similar (14.2 vs 15.0, p = 0.211). At 6 months and 1 year, all HRQOL scores were similar between the 2 cohorts. One-year measurements were as follows: NDI 39.7 vs 40.7 (p = 0.878), NRS neck pain score of 4.1 vs 5.0 (p = 0.326), EQ-5D score of 77.1 vs 78.2 (p = 0.646), and mJOA score of 14.0 vs 14.2 (p = 0.835). Anxiety/depression levels reported on the EQ-5D scale were significantly higher in the depressed cohort at baseline, 3 months, and 6 months (all p < 0.05), but were similar between groups at 1 year postoperatively (1.72 vs 1.53, p = 0.416).CONCLUSIONSClinical depression was observed in many of the study patients with CD. After matching for baseline deformity, depression symptomology resulted in worse baseline EQ-5D and pain scores. Despite these baseline differences, both cohorts achieved similar results in all HRQOL assessments 6 months and 1 year postoperatively, demonstrating no clinical impact of depression on recovery up until 1 year after CD surgery. Thus, a history of depression does not appear to have an impact on recovery from CD surgery.

The risk of minor depression before age 65: results from a community survey

1989 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 393-400 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul Bebbington ◽  
Randy Katz ◽  
Peter McGuffin ◽  
Christopher Tennant ◽  
Jane Hurry
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Past History ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Community Survey ◽  
Social Impairment ◽  
Minor Depression ◽  
Genetic Studies ◽  
The Status ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Depression

SynopsisData from a general population survey of psychiatric disorder in Camberwell were used to calculate the risk of a CATEGO-defined depressive episode before the age of 65, using a modification of Strömgren's method.Current depression was defined as cases within the relevant categories of the CATEGO program and at threshold level or above on the Index of Definition (Wing et al. 1978). A past history of depression was elicited using key symptoms such as persistent tearfulness and depressed mood, already enquired after in the course of the PSE, to identify potential episodes, followed by questions to determine accessory symptoms, duration, and degree of social impairment. Clinical judgement was then used to decide whether the disturbance constituted a significant depressive episode.Risk under one set of assumptions was 46 % for men and 72 % for women. Using another method based on (untenably) conservative assumptions, it became 16 % and 30 % respectively. The status and implications of these high values are discussed, particularly for genetic studies.

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