The Significance of the Time Relationship Between Temporary Ureteral Occlusion and E. coli Bacteriaemia for the Development of Experimental Chronic Pyelonephritis in the Rabbit

1963 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-170 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Prát ◽  
D. Benešová
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Time Relationship ◽  
Ureteral Occlusion

An Ultrastructural Study of Chronic Pyelonephritis in Macaca Arctoides

1976 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 310-311
Author(s):  
T.W. Smith ◽  
J.A. Roberts ◽  
B.J. Martin
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Transmission Electron Microscopy ◽  
Ultrastructural Study ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Macaca Arctoides ◽  
Left Ureter ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Sizeable Number

Chronic pyelonephritis is one of the most common diseases of the kidney and accounts for a sizeable number of cases of renal insufficiency in man, however its pathogenesis requires further elucidation. Transmission electron microscopy may serve as a uniquely effective means of observing details of the nature of this disease. The present paper describes preliminary results of an ultrastructural study of chronic pyelonephritis in Macaca arctoides (stumptail monkey).The infection was induced in these experiments in a retrograde fashion by means of a unilateral catheterization of the left ureter whereby an innoculum of 10 cc of broth containing approximately 2 billion E. coli per cc and radio-opaque dye were injected under pressure (mimicing vesico-ureteric reflux).

scholarly journals PYLONEPHRITIS IN GIRLS: FEATURES AT THE MODERN STAGE

2018 ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
L. I. Vakulenko
Keyword(s):  
Sexually Transmitted Infections ◽  
Inflammatory Process ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Etiological Factor ◽  
Chlamydia Infection ◽  
Sexually Transmitted ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Urogenital Infections ◽  
Frequent Relapses ◽  
Chronic Course

Girls performed the vast majority of patients with urinary system infections. The prevalence of acute disease and specific gravity of chronic kidney impartments have been increasing with the age and were often accompanied with concomitant urological, gynecological and sexual pathologies. The purpose of the work was to determine the etiological and clinical preconditions of relapse and chronic pyelonephritis in girls. Materials and methods. An analysis of the clinical course of187 cases ofpyelonephritis in girls of the age of1 - 18 years had been performing in period from 2008 to 2018 years. The 60 patients in observed group had acute process and 127 ones were with the chronic course of the disease. Rresults. E. coli was the main etiological factor of the inflammatory process in kidneys. Thus, cases of acute and chronic pyelonephritis composed 63,5% and 44,2% in observed group appropriately. Furthermore, the proportion of grampositive flora increased in the cases of chronic pyelonephritis. In addition, almost 56,7% ofall girls with pyelonephritis had sexually transmitted infections, more likely the patients with chronic forms of the disease (69,3% and 30,0%, respectively (p <0,01). There was domination of the Chlamydia infection in the structure of these pathogens. The research revealed Chlamydia pathogen in the majority of cases — in 29,2% of the examined for urogenital infections girls with pyelonephritis. The presence of mycoplasma infection - 22.1%, trichomonas - 11.5%, candidiasis - 19.5% was less common. 24.8% of girls had clinical signs of vulvitis without identifying the etiological factor Conclusions. E. coli prevails among the etiological factors of pyelonephritis in girls. Most of the girls with pyelonephritis with the recurrent and chronic course have urogenital infections. Moreover, association of bacterial microflora and sexually transmitted infections complicates the course of chronic pyelonephritis in girls; promotes the development and maintenance of urodynamic disorders, frequent relapses and progression of chronic inflammatory process in kidneys. In conclusion, urogenital infection examination should be mandatory for the girls with pyelonephritis.

scholarly journals Interaction of Dr Adhesin with Collagen Type IV Is a Critical Step in Escherichia coli Renal Persistence

2004 ◽  
Vol 72 (8) ◽  
pp. 4827-4835 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rangaraj Selvarangan ◽  
Pawel Goluszko ◽  
Jyotsana Singhal ◽  
Christophe Carnoy ◽  
Steve Moseley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Type Iv Collagen ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Collagen Type Iv ◽  
Collagen Binding ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Critical Step ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Chronic Urinary Tract Infection ◽  
Renal Infection

ABSTRACT The pathogenic mechanism of recurrent or chronic urinary tract infection is poorly understood. Escherichia coli cells bearing Dr fimbriae display unique tropism to the basement membrane (BM)-renal interstitium that enables the bacteria to cause chronic pyelonephritis in experimental mice. The renal receptors for Dr-fimbriated E. coli are type IV collagen and decay-accelerating factor (DAF). We hypothesized that type IV collagen receptor-mediated BM-interstitial tropism is essential for E. coli to cause chronic pyelonephritis. To test the role of the type IV collagen tropism of Dr-fimbriated E. coli in renal persistence, we constructed an isogenic mutant in the DraE adhesin subunit that was unable to bind type IV collagen but retained binding to DAF and examined its virulence in the mouse model. The collagen-binding mutant DrI113T was eliminated from the mouse renal tissues in 6 to 8 weeks, while the parent strain caused persistent renal infection that lasted at least 14 weeks (P ≤ 0.02). Transcomplementation with the intact Dr operon restored collagen-binding activity, BM-interstitial tropism, and the ability to cause persistent renal infection. We conclude that type IV collagen binding mediated by DraE adhesin is a critical step for the development of persistent renal infection in a murine model of E. coli pyelonephritis.

scholarly journals Immunotropic effects of nitrogenous metabolites in patients with chronic pyelonephritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 217-226
Author(s):  
Igor Kuchma ◽  
Anatoliy Gozhenko ◽  
Igor-Severyn Flyunt ◽  
Sofiya Ruzhylo ◽  
Walery Zukow ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Uric Acid ◽  
T Lymphocytes ◽  
Multiple Correlation Coefficient ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
Immunotropic Activity ◽  
Relative Level ◽  
Distinctive Features ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
Immune Parameters

Background. We have previously shown that nitrogenous metabolites have immunomodulatory effects in healthy rats and humans as well as in patients with encephalopatia. The purpose of this study is their immunotropic activity in patients with chronic pyelonephritis. Materials and Methods. The object of observation were 24 men (aged 23-76 years) with chronic pyelonephritis in remission. The plasma levels and urinary excretion of uric acid, urea and creatinine and parameters of immunity twice (on admission and after 10 days of balneotherapy at the Truskavets’ Spa) was performed. Results. Judging by the multiple correlation coefficient uricemia exhibits maximal immunotropic activity (R=0,772), followed by creatininemia (R=0,643), urea plasma (R=0,584) and creatinineuria (R=0,506) instead, urea and uric acid excretion correlate with immune parameters insignificantly (R=0,327 and 0,262 respectively). Nitrogenous metabolites together upregulate most parameters of phagocytosis by neutrophils Staph. aureus and E. coli, the level in the blood of CD8 T-lymphocytes, CIC, IgM, componentes of leukocytogram as well as entropy of leukocytogram and immunocytogram. Instead, they downregulate the relative level of lymphocytes in general and of CD4 T-lymphocytes in particular. Conclusion. Nitrogenous metabolites exhibit immunotropic activity in both healthy humans and in patients with chronic pyelonephritis in remission. Both common and distinctive features of immunomodulation were revealed.

MICROBIOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF PATHOGENIC FLORA IN CHILDREN WITH ACUTE AND CHRONIC PYELONEPHRITIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 100 (5) ◽  
pp. 131-137
Author(s):  
A.V. Eremeeva ◽  
◽  
V.V. Dlin ◽  
D.A. Kudlay ◽  
A.A. Korsunskiy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Practical Interest ◽  
Antibiotic Sensitivity ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Empiric Therapy ◽  
Chronic Pyelonephritis ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Antimicrobial Sensitivity ◽  
Amoxicillin Clavulanate ◽  
Resistant Strains

The study of dynamically changing antibiotic sensitivity of uropathogenic strains in children with pyelonephritis is of great scientific and practical interest, since the course and outcome of the disease and the success of cure depend on it. Objective of the study: to study the microbial landscape of urine and antimicrobial sensitivity of pathogens in children with acute (AP) and exacerbation of chronic pyelonephritis (CP) for timely correction of empirical antibacterial (AB) therapy. Materials and methods of research: a prospective open non-randomized controlled singlecenter study to study the microbial landscape of urine and antimicrobial sensitivity of pathogens in children with AP and CP was conducted at the Speransky Children's City Clinical Hospital No. 9. Inclusion criteria: compliance with the diagnostic criteria for the onset of AP and CP, age from 1 to 14 years, the possibility of assessing the microbiological spectrum of urine before starting AB therapy, determination in urine cultures of strains producing extended spectrum betalactamases (ESBL) and/or carbapenemases (CP-CRE). Results: 552 results of urine bacteriological tests were analyzed. Bacteriuria was detected in 68,3% (n=376) patients, of which 161 (42,8%) were diagnosed with AP, 215 (57,2%) with CP. The structure of pathogens was dominated by gram-negative flora (53,8–70,8%), among which enterobacteria prevailed (79,5%), the dominant microorganism was E. coli (48%). Gram-positive microflora was represented by Enterococcus faecalis (35%). Among enterobacteriaceae, there was a statistically significant increase (p<0,05) in the number of ESBL and/or CP producers, as well as their associations, from 8,8% in 2016 to 25% in 2019–2020 with a peak increase of up to 31% in 2018. A study of resistograms noted that E. coli retains high levels of sensitivity to amoxicillin/clavulanate, however, since 2019, a high frequency of ceftriaxone-resistant strains has been recorded, and in 2020, the detection rate of resistant strains has increased to cefotaxime of E. coli strains. The highest and most stable activity against E. coli ESBL was shown by meropenem and ertapenem. There is a tendency towards a decrease in the sensitivity of Kl. pneumoniae to amoxicillin/clavuanate, fosfomycin and amikacin. The emergence in 2020 of strains of Enterococcus faecalis resistant to amoxicillin/clavuanate and a tendency to a decrease in sensitivity to gentamicin while maintaining a high sensitivity to amikacin were recorded. Conclusion: the results obtained indicate the importance of monitoring the AB-sensitivity of uropathogenic strains in order to increase the effectiveness of empiric therapy and reduce the prescription of inactive antibacterial drugs in children with AP and CP.

Endotoxin Alteration of the Mucopolysaccharide Blood Vessel Coating in Rats

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 148-149
Author(s):  
D. E. Philpott ◽  
A. Takahashi
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Salivary Gland ◽  
Carotid Artery ◽  
Basement Membrane ◽  
Coronary Vessels ◽  
Ruthenium Red ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Old Rats ◽  
The Brain

Two month, eight month and two year old rats were treated with 10 or 20 mg/kg of E. Coli endotoxin I. P. The eight month old rats proved most resistant to the endotoxin. During fixation the aorta, carotid artery, basil arartery of the brain, coronary vessels of the heart, inner surfaces of the heart chambers, heart and skeletal muscle, lung, liver, kidney, spleen, brain, retina, trachae, intestine, salivary gland, adrenal gland and gingiva were treated with ruthenium red or alcian blue to preserve the mucopolysaccharide (MPS) coating. Five, 8 and 24 hrs of endotoxin treatment produced increasingly marked capillary damage, disappearance of the MPS coating, edema, destruction of endothelial cells and damage to the basement membrane in the liver, kidney and lung.

Ribosome Structural Organization

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 332-333
Author(s):  
James A. Lake
Keyword(s):  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Small Subunit ◽  
Structural Studies ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
X Ray ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Complete Sequences

The understanding of ribosome structure has advanced considerably in the last several years. Biochemists have characterized the constituent proteins and rRNA's of ribosomes. Complete sequences have been determined for some ribosomal proteins and specific antibodies have been prepared against all E. coli small subunit proteins. In addition, a number of naturally occuring systems of three dimensional ribosome crystals which are suitable for structural studies have been observed in eukaryotes. Although the crystals are, in general, too small for X-ray diffraction, their size is ideal for electron microscopy.

Sites of Adsorption of the Bacteriophages T3 and T5 on the Wall of Escherichia Coli B.

1967 ◽  
Vol 25 ◽  
pp. 96-97
Author(s):  
Manfred E. Bayer
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Cell Wall ◽  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Uranyl Acetate ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Receptor Sites ◽  
Rigid Cell Wall ◽  
Host Cell Surface ◽  
Bacterial Viruses ◽  
Escherichia Coli B

Bacterial viruses adsorb specifically to receptors on the host cell surface. Although the chemical composition of some of the cell wall receptors for bacteriophages of the T-series has been described and the number of receptor sites has been estimated to be 150 to 300 per E. coli cell, the localization of the sites on the bacterial wall has been unknown.When logarithmically growing cells of E. coli are transferred into a medium containing 20% sucrose, the cells plasmolize: the protoplast shrinks and becomes separated from the somewhat rigid cell wall. When these cells are fixed in 8% Formaldehyde, post-fixed in OsO4/uranyl acetate, embedded in Vestopal W, then cut in an ultramicrotome and observed with the electron microscope, the separation of protoplast and wall becomes clearly visible, (Fig. 1, 2). At a number of locations however, the protoplasmic membrane adheres to the wall even under the considerable pull of the shrinking protoplast. Thus numerous connecting bridges are maintained between protoplast and cell wall. Estimations of the total number of such wall/membrane associations yield a number of about 300 per cell.

Emigration of neutrophils in the central nervous system

1983 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
pp. 788-789
Author(s):  
John L.Beggs ◽  
John D. Waggener ◽  
Wanda Miller ◽  
Jane Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Osmium Tetroxide ◽  
White Blood Cells ◽  
Arterial Perfusion ◽  
E Coli ◽  
Intracisternal Injection ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Brain And Spinal Cord ◽  
Interendothelial Junctions

Studies using mesenteric and ear chamber preparations have shown that interendothelial junctions provide the route for neutrophil emigration during inflammation. The term emigration refers to the passage of white blood cells across the endothelium from the vascular lumen. Although the precise pathway of transendo- thelial emigration in the central nervous system (CNS) has not been resolved, the presence of different physiological and morphological (tight junctions) properties of CNS endothelium may dictate alternate emigration pathways.To study neutrophil emigration in the CNS, we induced meningitis in guinea pigs by intracisternal injection of E. coli bacteria.In this model, leptomeningeal inflammation is well developed by 3 hr. After 3 1/2 hr, animals were sacrificed by arterial perfusion with 3% phosphate buffered glutaraldehyde. Tissues from brain and spinal cord were post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, dehydrated in alcohols and propylene oxide, and embedded in Epon. Thin serial sections were cut with diamond knives and examined in a Philips 300 electron microscope.

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