Fluoride in Whole Saliva and Dental Caries Experience in Areas with High or Low Concentrations of Fluoride in the Drinking Water

1984 ◽  
Vol 18 (5) ◽  
pp. 450-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Bruun ◽  
A. Thylstrup
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
Whole Saliva

Evaluation of Dental Caries Experience and Salivary Immunoglobulins in Whole Saliva

1972 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
pp. 1487-1491 ◽  
Author(s):  
D.L. Everhart ◽  
W.R. Grigsby ◽  
W.H. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Whole Saliva

scholarly journals Fluoride in the drinking water and dental caries experience by tooth surface susceptibility among adults

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lina Stangvaltaite-Mouhat ◽  
Alina Puriene ◽  
Indre Stankeviciene ◽  
Jolanta Aleksejuniene
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Surface ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Occlusal Surfaces ◽  
Group 3 ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Group 1

Abstract Background Dental caries is the most prevalent non-communicable health condition globally. The surface-based susceptibility hierarchy indicates that surfaces in the same group have similar susceptibility to caries, where the most susceptible group consists of occlusal surfaces of first molars and buccal surfaces of lower first molars, and the least susceptible surfaces are smooth and proximal surfaces of first premolars, canines and incisors. Therefore, fluoride in the drinking water could impact one group more than the other group. The present study examined the association between fluoride levels in the drinking water and dental caries experience in adults in the context of varying tooth surface susceptibility. Methods Data from the cross-sectional National Lithuanian Oral Health Survey conducted in 2017–2019 included a stratified random sample of 1398 35–74-year-olds (52% response rate). Dental caries experience in dentine was measured at a surface level. The surfaces were grouped according to their caries susceptibility (group 1 being the most and group 4 the least susceptible), and dental caries experience was calculated separately for each susceptibility group, creating four outcomes. Information about explanatory variable, fluoride levels in the drinking water, was provided by the water suppliers. The questionnaire inquired about potential determinants: sociodemographic characteristics and oral health-related behaviors. Chi-square, Mann–Whitney U and Kruskal Wallis tests were used for descriptive statistics, and linear regression analyses to examine the association between fluoride levels and four outcomes. Results The proportions of median decayed, missing, filled surfaces decreased following the surface-based susceptibility hierarchy (group 1–33%, group 2–28%, group 3–24%, group 4–15%). When adjusted for potential determinants, higher-level fluoride (≥ 0.7 ppm vs < 0.7 ppm) in the drinking water associated with lower dental caries experience in all surface-based susceptibility hierarchy groups; Group 1: β = − 0.23 (95 %CI − 0.44; − 0.001), Group 2: β = − 0.44 (95 %CI − 0.82; − 0.07), Group 3: β = − 1.14 (95 %CI − 1.88; − 0.41) and Group 4: β = − 6.28 (95 %CI − 9.29; − 3.30). Conclusions The higher-level fluoride in the drinking water associated with lower dental caries experience in adults and this was observed in all surface-based susceptibility groups. However, there is a need to validate the surface-based susceptibility hierarchy in longitudinal adult studies.

scholarly journals UPORABA FLUORIDA IN NJEGOV VPLIV NA ZDRAVJE

2016 ◽  
Vol 85 (5-6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Domen Kanduti ◽  
Petra Šterbenk ◽  
Barbara Artnik
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Drinking Water ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Tooth Enamel ◽  
Paediatric Dentistry ◽  
European Academy ◽  
Low Concentrations ◽  
High Concentrations

Appropriate oral health care is fundamental for any individual’s health. Dental caries is still one of the major public health problems. The most effective way of caries prevention is the use of fluoride. Fluoride occurs naturally in our environment and is always present in our lives. However, the concentration differs from area to area. Exposure can occur through diet, respiration and fluoride supplements. During pregnancy, the placenta acts as a barrier. The fluoride, therefore, crosses the placenta in low concentrations. Drinking water in Slovenia is not fluoridated; the amount of naturally present fluoride is very low. Fluoride can be toxic in extremely high concentrations. The most important effect of fluoride on caries incidence is through its role in the process of remineralisation and demineralisation of tooth enamel. The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) recommends a preventive topical use of fluoride supplements because of their cariostatic effect. 

scholarly journals Dynamics, cariogenicity, and geographic distribution of Streptococcus mutans adhesin types suggest adaptation to individual hosts

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nongfei Sheng ◽  
Anders Esberg ◽  
Lena Mårell ◽  
Elisabeth Johansson ◽  
Carina Källestål ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Disease ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Streptococcus Mutans ◽  
Geographic Distribution ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Geographic Differentiation ◽  
Caries Increment ◽  
Whole Saliva

AbstractDental caries, the most common chronic infectious disease, involve Streptococcus mutans SpaP A/B/C and Cnm/Cbm adhesin types of different virulence. We have explored their stability and dynamics over 5 years, their geographic distribution, as well as the potentially increased cariogenicity of specific SpaP B subtypes. We performed qPCR and TaqMan typing using whole saliva and isolates from 452 Swedish adolescents followed from 12 to 17 years of age. Approximately 50% of the children were infected at baseline with a single dominant (44%) or mixed (6%) SpaP A, B, or C type, some of which were also Cnm (6%) or Cbm (1%) positive. Stability (+, +) was high for S. mutans infection (85%) and dominant SpaP A or C (80% and 67%) and Cnm or Cbm (85% and 100%) types, but low for SpaP B (51%) and mixed SpaP A/B/C types (26%). Only five children switched from one SpaP type to another, and none between Cnm and Cbm types. Mixed SpaP A/B/C types were typically lost or changed into dominant types. Moreover, children infected with Cnm (n=26) types were more frequent in the northern (Skellefteå) region (p = 0.0041), and those with Cbm types (n=7) in the southern (Umeå) region. Children infected with SpaP B-2 subtypes had a doubled caries experience (p = 0.009) and 5-year caries increment (p = 0.02) compared to those infected with SpaP A. In conclusion, the stable dominant but instable mixed adhesin types and geographic differentiation of Cnm and Cbm types suggest adaptation of low and high cariogenicity types to specific individuals.

scholarly journals Are mTOR and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress Pathway Genes Associated with Oral and Bone Diseases?

2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 235-241 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariana Bezamat ◽  
Kathleen Deeley ◽  
Shahryar Khaliq ◽  
Ariadne Letra ◽  
Rafaela Scariot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress ◽  
Bone Diseases ◽  
Cellular Growth ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Human Populations ◽  
Regulatory Pathways ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Multiple Conditions

The purpose of this cohort study was to identify associations between combined oral and bone disease phenotypes and genes present in cell regulatory pathways. The studied pathways play important roles in cellular growth, proliferation, differentiation, and homeostasis. DNA samples extracted from whole saliva of 3,912 individuals were genotyped and these data analyzed according to dental caries experience, periapical lesions, periodontitis, osteoporosis, or temporomandibular joint discomfort. Samples were obtained from the Dental Registry and DNA Repository project at the University of Pittsburgh. Twenty-seven polymorphisms in eight genes related to mTOR or endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways were selected for genotyping. Allele frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium were calculated. Analyses were performed comparing genotypes between affected and unaffected individuals for each phenotype, as well as for the associated phenotypes combined. For all analyses, we used the software PLINK with an alpha of 0.002. Borderline associations with multiple variants of several genes were found, suggesting that both pathways may be involved in the susceptibility to multiple conditions affecting the oral cavity and bones. When combining patients that had concomitant dental caries, periodontitis, and periapical pathology, several markers in RHEB showed statistically significant association. Multiple conditions affecting bone and teeth (i.e., dental caries, periodontitis, periapical lesion formation, and osteoporosis) appear to share similar underlying genetic etiological factors, which allow us to hypothesize that instead of individually, they should be studied in conjunction in human populations.

scholarly journals Dental caries and its association with increasing water fluoride concentration in district Rudraprayag, Uttarakhand

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 4005
Author(s):  
Nidhi Sharma ◽  
Vartika Saxena ◽  
Manisha Naithani
Keyword(s):  
Drinking Water ◽  
Dental Caries ◽  
Dental Fluorosis ◽  
Fluoride Concentration ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Window ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Fluoride Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Water Fluoride

Background: Evidence from scientific literature confirms both beneficial and detrimental effects of fluoride on human health with only a narrow range between intakes associated with these effects. The limits of this range have been controversial among researchers since the 1930s. Considering this, the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit of fluoride in India has been reduced from 1.5 to 1.0 mg/l in 1998. This study aimed to evaluate the association between increasing water fluoride levels and dental caries prevention on permanent teeth.Methods: This cross-sectional study involved 1400 children (aged 6–19 years). Caries experience and dental fluorosis were recorded using DMFT/deft and Dean's index respectively. Also, fluoride concentration in drinking water was analyzed. Around 14.4% of children had dental caries with maximum frequency among 9-10 years of age. A significant negative correlation between caries experience and water fluoride level was found (p<0.05), with the lowest DMFT scores at the fluoride level of 0.61–2 mg/l and the highest at 0.0–0.3 mg/l. Whereas, high prevalence of dental fluorosis was observed above 0.7 mg/l.Results: The study revealed that the presence of 0.3-0.7 mg/l fluoride in drinking water reduces dental caries, without an objectionable rise in dental fluorosis.Conclusions: It can be suggested that fluoride has anticaries property but due to a ‘narrow therapeutic window’ of 0.3-0.7 mg/l, in a country like India where endemic fluorosis is prevalent, its topical application should be encouraged which is almost equally effective with less systemic adverse effects.

scholarly journals Salivary Antimicrobial Peptide Expression and Dental Caries Experience in Children

2005 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 3883-3888 ◽  
Author(s):  
Renchuan Tao ◽  
Richard J. Jurevic ◽  
Kimberly K. Coulton ◽  
Marjorie T. Tsutsui ◽  
Marilyn C. Roberts ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dental Caries ◽  
Antimicrobial Peptides ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Oral Disease ◽  
Biological Factor ◽  
Caries Experience ◽  
Whole Saliva ◽  
Peptide Expression ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

ABSTRACT Dental caries is a major worldwide oral disease problem in children. Although caries are known to be influenced by dietary factors, the disease results from a bacterial infection; thus, caries susceptibility may be affected by host factors such as salivary antimicrobial peptides. This study aimed to determine a possible correlation between caries prevalence in children and salivary concentrations of the antimicrobial peptides human beta-defensin-3 (hBD-3), the cathelicidin LL37, and the alpha-defensins HNP1-3 (a mixture of HNP1, 2, 3). Oral examinations were performed on 149 middle school children, and unstimulated whole saliva was collected for immunoassays of the three peptides and for assay of caries-causing bacteria in saliva. The median salivary levels of hBD-3, LL37, and HNP1-3 were in the microgram/ml range but were highly variable in the population. While levels of LL37 and hBD-3 did not correlate with caries experience, the median HNP1-3 levels were significantly higher in children with no caries than in children with caries. Children with high caries levels did not have high levels of salivary Streptococcus mutans, and the HNP1-3 level was not correlated with salivary S. mutans. By immunohistochemistry we localized HNP1-3 in submandibular salivary duct cells. HNPs are also released by neutrophils into the gingival crevicular fluid. Both sources may account for their presence in saliva. Low salivary levels of HNP1-3 may represent a biological factor that contributes to caries susceptibility. This observation could lead to new ways to screen for caries susceptibility and to new means of assessing the risk for this common oral problem.

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