9-Methyl Pteroylglutamic Acid, a Synthetic Analogue of Folic Acid: Its Effects on Hexosamine Levels in Fetal Rat Limbs and Other Fetal Tissues

Neonatology ◽  
1982 ◽  
Vol 41 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 52-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard R. Schmidt ◽  
Patricia K. Abbott ◽  
Jerome M. Cotler
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Synthetic Analogue ◽  
Fetal Tissues ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid

Effects of the teratogenic folic acid antagonist, 9-methyl pteroylglutamic acid, on hydroxyproline levels in fetal rat limbs

Development ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 289-294
Author(s):  
R. R. Schmidt ◽  
K. P. Chepenik ◽  
B. V. Paynton
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Folic Acid ◽  
Total Body Weight ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Skeletal Malformations ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Limb Malformations ◽  
Total Body ◽  
Rate Of Accumulation

Pregnant rats were subjected to either a folic-acid-deficient regimen that produces multiple congenital skeletal malformations, or a control folic-acid-supplemented regimen. Fetal limbs were extirpated on days 16 and 18 of gestation, pooled from each litter, homogenized, and aliquots set aside for hydroxyproline, protein and DNA determinations. We found that (1) the amount of protein recovered per treated limb was approximately half that of controls on both days, (2) the amount of protein recovered per treated or controlday-18 limb was twice that of a day-16 limb, (3) treated limbs constituted the same percentage of total body weight as in controls on day 16, but a smaller percentage than in controls on day 18, and (4) the concentration of hydroxyproline (μg/mg protein) was significantly less for treated limbs than for controls on day 18 of gestation. We noted also that: (1) lowest hydroxyproline concentrations were found in limbs from treated fetuses with gross limb malformations, (2) intermediate concentrations were found in limbs of treated fetuses not exhibiting gross limb malformations, and (3) highest concentrations were found in control limbs. We suggest that the treatment resulted in (1) a decreased rate of accumulation of protein in limbs prior to day 16, but not from day 16 to day 18, (2) a decreased rate of accumulation of some non-protein component(s) in treated limbs from day 16 to day 18, and (3) an altered collagen metabolism.

Congenital eye defects in rats following maternal folic-acid deficiency during pregnancy

Development ◽  
1966 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 531-542
Author(s):  
R. Christy Armstrong ◽  
I. W. Monie
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid Deficiency ◽  
Teratogenic Effects ◽  
Maternal Vitamin ◽  
Vitamin Deficiencies ◽  
Fetal Rat ◽  
Acid Deficiency ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Developing Rat

Malformations of fetal rat eyes result from a variety of maternal vitamin deficiencies employed either transiently or continuously during pregnancy. Thus, eye defects have been produced in rat fetuses as a result of maternal deficiencies of vitamin A (Wilson, Jordan & Brent, 1953), pantothenic acid (Lefebvres-Boisselot, 1951; Nelson, Asling & Evans, 1957), niacin (Chamberlain & Nelson, 1963) and pteroylglutamic acid (PGA or folic acid) (Evans, Nelson & Asling, 1951; Nelson, Asling & Evans, 1952; Giroud & Boisselot, 1951; Giroud, Lefebvres & Dupuis, 1952; Giroud, Delmas, Lefebvres &Prost, 1954). Previous studies on the teratogenic effects of PGA-deficiency on the developing rat eye, although informative, have been concerned mainly with stages after the 15th day of pregnancy (the day of finding sperm in the vagina is considered to be day zero).

Effect of Anticonvulsants on the Uptake of 5-Methyltetrahydrofolic Acid by the Choroid Plexus in Rabbits

1977 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 75-80
Author(s):  
H. Taguchi ◽  
Z. Abdul-Cader ◽  
J. Perry ◽  
E. H. Reynolds ◽  
I. Chanarin
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Choroid Plexus ◽  
Incubation Medium ◽  
Pernicious Anaemia ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Anaerobic Conditions ◽  
Acid Therapy ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid

1. The isolated choroid plexus of the rabbit takes up 5-methyltetrahydrofolate from the incubation medium. 2. Other folate analogues (pteroylglutamic acid, methotrexate, 5-formyltetrahydrofolate = folinic acid) inhibited the uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate. 3. The uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate was inhibited by low temperature, anaerobic conditions and dinitrophenol. 4. The anticonvulsant drugs, diphenylhydantoin and phenobarbital, had no effect on 5-methyltetrahydrofolate uptake. 5. The inhibitory effect of pteroylglutamic acid on the uptake of 5-methyltetrahydrofolate by the choroid plexus may explain the effect of long-term folic acid therapy in aggravating vitamin B12 neuropathy in pernicious anaemia.

scholarly journals Role of Folate and Folic Acid During Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1488-1492
Author(s):  
Saniya Sahar
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Neural Tube ◽  
Maternal Nutrition ◽  
Tissue Growth ◽  
Food Fortification ◽  
Nucleotide Synthesis ◽  
Folic Acid Fortification ◽  
C1 Metabolism ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid

Abstract: Pregnancy represents a period of fast tissue growth of maternal and foetal tissues that's related to enhanced energy and nutrient needs. Maternal nutrition throughout gestation period, has being essential for best offspring development, reducing long unwellness burden and for general health throughout life. Maternal Folate throughout pregnancy might have numerous roles in offspring health, as well as neurodevelopment and psychological feature performance in childhood. Folate is crucial for C1 metabolism, a network of pathways concerned in many biological processes as well as nucleotide synthesis, deoxyribonucleic acid repair and methylation reactions. The periconceptional use of pteroylglutamic acid (Folic Acid ) containing supplements reduces the primary incidence, as well as recurrence of neural tube defects. Folic Acid (FA) are artificial form of a necessary vitamin generically considered Folates or B9. It is concerned in one-carbon metabolism, and it's been connected to lowering neural tube Defect (NTD). National programs to mandate fortification of food with Folic Acid have reduced the prevalence of NTDs worldwide . The indisputable protecting role of Folic Acid in the hindrance of NTD, in addition to the low compliance of women to Folic Acid recommendations, has aroused the choice of mandatory Folic Acid fortification, a policy currently in place in over eighty countries worldwide. Mandatory food fortification needs food makers to feature Folic Acid to certain foods (e.g. starch or grain products), whereas voluntary fortification permits Folic Acid to be added to foods at the discretion of manufacturers. Food fortification with Folic Acid because the intervention is likely to achieve increasing Folic Acid intake among populations throughout the world. The objective of this article is to discuss the Role of Folic Acid and Folate during pregnancy and to review the role of Folate and Folic Acid , metabolism , absorption and Folic Acid effects on maternal on the basis of recent findings that are important for implementation of fortified food to design future studies. Keywords: Neurodevelopment, Methylation Reactions, Pteroylglutamic Acid, Bioavailability, Monoglutamates.

FOLIC ACID Supplement* SYNTHESIS OF PTEROYLGLUTAMIC ACID (LIVERL. CASEIFACTOR) AND PTEROIC ACID-PART II

1946 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. i-vi
Author(s):  
M. E. Hultquist ◽  
Erwin Kuh ◽  
Donna B. Cosulich ◽  
M. J. Fahrenbach ◽  
E. H. Northey ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Folic Acid Supplement ◽  
Acid Supplement ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid ◽  
Pteroic Acid

VARIABLE RESPONSE TO VITAMIN B12 OF MEGALOBLASTIC ANEMIA OF INFANCY

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1949 ◽  
Vol 4 (6) ◽  
pp. 723-729
Author(s):  
CALVIN W. WOODRUFF ◽  
HOWARD W. RIPY ◽  
J. CYRIL PETERSON ◽  
WILLIAM J. DARBY
Keyword(s):  
Folic Acid ◽  
Vitamin B12 ◽  
Megaloblastic Anemia ◽  
Variable Response ◽  
Pteroylglutamic Acid

Two cases of megaloblastic anemia in infancy have improved following treatment with vitamin B12. A third case failed to respond to this factor but subsequently responded to pteroylglutamic acid (folic acid). It is suggested that megaloblastic anemia may be a syndrome which embraces more than one entity.

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