Stimulating Effect of Mercuric Chloride and Nickel Sulfate on DNA Synthesis of Thymocytes and Peripheral Lymphoid Cells from Newborn Guinea Pigs

Antigen activation of DNA synthesis in immune thymus-derived lymphocytes of guinea pigs requires the cooperation of macrophages and lymphocytes. We have investigated the role of histocompatibility determinants in this macrophage-lymphocyte interaction using cells from inbred strain 2 and 13 guinea pigs. The data demonstrate that efficient presentation of macrophage-associated antigen to the lymphocyte requires identity between macrophage and lymphocyte at some portion of the major histocompatibility complex. The failure of allogeneic macrophages to effectively initiate immune lymphocyte proliferation was not the result of the presence of an inhibitor of blastogenesis released in mixtures of allogeneic cells, peculiarities of the antigen or lymphoid cells employed, nor differing kinetics of activation by allogeneic macrophages. In addition, data were presented that demonstrated that alloantisera inhibit lymphocyte DNA synthesis by functional interference with macrophage-lymphocyte interaction.

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Sensitization and Testing of Guinea Pigs with Nickel Sulfate

Dermatology ◽

10.1159/000251278 ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 152 (6) ◽

pp. 321-330 ◽

Cited By ~ 17

Author(s):

Jan E. Wahlberg

Keyword(s):

Guinea Pigs ◽

Nickel Sulfate

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The calcium signal for BALB/MK keratinocyte terminal differentiation counteracts epidermal growth factor (EGF) very early in the EGF-induced proliferative pathway

Molecular and Cellular Biology ◽

10.1128/mcb.8.2.557-563.1988 ◽

1988 ◽

Vol 8 (2) ◽

pp. 557-563

Author(s):

P P Di Fiore ◽

J Falco ◽

I Borrello ◽

B Weissman ◽

S A Aaronson

Keyword(s):

Growth Factor ◽

Epidermal Growth Factor ◽

Dna Synthesis ◽

Fold Increase ◽

Inhibitory Effect ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Epidermal Keratinocytes ◽

Calcium Signal ◽

High Calcium ◽

Epidermal Growth

BALB/MK mouse epidermal keratinocytes require epidermal growth factor (EGF) for proliferation and terminally differentiate in response to high calcium concentrations. We show that EGF is an extremely potent mitogen, causing BALB/MK cultures to enter the cell cycle in a synchronous manner associated with a greater than 100-fold increase in DNA synthesis. Analysis of the expression of proto-oncogenes which have been reported to be activated during the cascade of events following growth factor stimulation of fibroblasts or lymphoid cells revealed a very rapid but transient 100-fold increase in c-fos RNA but little or no effect on the other proto-oncogenes analyzed. Exposure of EGF-synchronized BALB/MK cells to high levels of calcium was associated with a striking decrease in the early burst of c-fos RNA as well as the subsequent peak of cell DNA synthesis. Since the inhibitory effect of high calcium on c-fos RNA expression was measurable within 30 min, our studies imply that the EGF proliferative and calcium differentiation signals must interact very early in the pathway of EGF-induced proliferation. Our results also establish that c-fos RNA modulation is an important early marker of cell proliferation in epithelial as well as mesenchymal cells.

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The source of fatty acids incorporated into proliferating lymphoid cells in immune-stimulated lymph nodes

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn2002784 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 89 (3) ◽

pp. 375-382 ◽

Cited By ~ 42

Author(s):

Caroline M. Pond ◽

Christine A. Mattacks

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Whole Body ◽

Immune Stimulation ◽

Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽

Fatty Acid Compositions

To explore the hypothesis that proliferating lymphoid cells in immune-stimulated lymph nodes obtain nutrients locally from adjacent adipose tissue, adult guinea pigs were fed for 6 weeks on standard chow or on chow supplemented with 100 g suet, sunflower oil or fish oi/g. All the guinea pigs ate standard chow for the last 5 d, during which swelling of one popliteal lymph node was stimulated by repeated local injection of lipopolysaccharide. The fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in both popliteal and in several mesenteric lymph nodes, and of triacylglycerols in eleven samples of adipose tissue defined by their anatomical relations to lymph nodes, were determined by GC. The proportions of fatty acids in the phospholipids extracted from the stimulated popliteal node correlated best with those of triacylglycerols in the surrounding adipocytes, less strongly with those of adipocytes elsewhere in depots associated with lymphoid tissue, but not with those of nodeless depots. The composition of triacylglycerols in the perinodal adipose tissue changed under local immune stimulation. We conclude that proliferating lymphoid cells in activated lymph nodes obtain fatty acids mainly from the triacylglycerols in adjacent perinodal adipose tissue. Immune stimulation prompts changes in the fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerols of adipocytes in node-containing depots that equip the adipose tissue for provisioning immune responses. Such local interactions show that specialised adipocytes can act as an interface between whole-body and cellular nutrition, and may explain why mammalian adipose tissue is partitioned into a few large and many small depots.

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IMMUNOLOGICAL UNRESPONSIVENESS TO SENSITIZATION WITH SIMPLE CHEMICAL COMPOUNDS

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.118.6.1021 ◽

1963 ◽

Vol 118 (6) ◽

pp. 1021-1035 ◽

Cited By ~ 24

Author(s):

Jack R. Battisto ◽

Merrill W. Chase

Keyword(s):

Specific Antibody ◽

Blood Cells ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

White Blood Cells ◽

Chemical Compounds ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Delayed Type Hypersensitivity ◽

Simple Chemical ◽

Picryl Chloride

Guinea pigs fed picryl chloride to induce specific immunologic unresponsiveness cleared small amounts of venously infused antipicryl antibody at a rate equal to that of normal guinea pigs. Catabolism of passively administered picryl-specific antibody did not alter the unresponsive state of picryl chloride-fed guinea pigs or the responsive state of normal guinea pigs. Lymphoid cells of picryl chloride immunized guinea pigs produced equal amounts of picryl-specific antibody in picryl chloride-fed and normal animals. Allergen-fed guinea pigs remained unresponsive to attempted sensitization with the allergen in excess of 10 months after the final feeding, though some became feebly sensitive between 9 and 11 months. Second attempts to make unresponsive animals hypersensitive were unsuccessful. White blood cells of guinea pigs unresponsive to picryl chloride were unable to transfer delayed-type hypersensitivity for picryl chloride to normal recipients yet readily transferred tuberculin hypersensitivity.

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The effects of feeding suet-enriched chow on site-specific differences in the composition of triacylglycerol fatty acids in adipose tissue and its interactionsin vitrowith lymphoid cells

British Journal Of Nutrition ◽

10.1079/bjn19970061 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 77 (4) ◽

pp. 621-643 ◽

Cited By ~ 25

Author(s):

Christine A. Mattacks ◽

Caroline M. Pond

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Adipose Tissue ◽

Fatty Acid Composition ◽

Fatty Acid ◽

Lymph Nodes ◽

Acid Composition ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Saturated Fatty Acids ◽

Lymphoid Cells ◽

Site Specific

The effects of diet on the composition and properties of adipose tissue in relation to lymph nodes were studied in adult guinea-pigs. The proportions of monoenoic triacylglycerol fatty acids were constant in all sites in adipose tissue of similarly fed guinea-pigs, but were substantially greater in samples from guinea-pigs fed on suet-enriched chow. Triacylglycerols in adipose tissue from near nodes contained significantly fewer saturated fatty acids, and significantly more 18:2n−6 and 18:3n−3 than those in samples from sites remote from nodes within the same depot. Depots that interact most strongly with lymphoid cellsin vitrohad the largest and most consistent within-depot differences. The gradients of triacylgiycerol fatty acid composition with distance from lymph nodes in two small intermuscular depots were similar in guinea-pigs fed on plain or suet-enriched chow. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adipose tissue around lymph nodes is specialized for local interactions with the lymphoid cells therein, and help to explain the variability of serial or duplicate measurements of adipose tissue composition. When cultured alone, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymph node lymphoid cells from suet-fed guinea-pigs incorporated as much labelled thymidine as the controls. Adipose tissue explants from suet-fed guinea-pigs inhibited lymphocyte proliferation much less than those of the controls, although the site-specific differences were similar. The pattern of site-specific differences in glycerol released from explants incubated alone was generally similar for both dietary groups, but except in the popliteal depot, the increases following co-culturing with lymphoid cells were smaller for samples from suet-fed guinea-pigs. These experiments show that minor changes in the fatty acid composition of the diet can substantially alter the interactions between adipose tissue and lymphoid cells.

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SPECIFICITY OF CELLULAR IMMUNE RESPONSES

Journal of Experimental Medicine ◽

10.1084/jem.127.1.25 ◽

1968 ◽

Vol 127 (1) ◽

pp. 25-42 ◽

Cited By ~ 57

Author(s):

William E. Paul ◽

Gregory W. Siskind ◽

Baruj Benacerraf

Keyword(s):

Dna Synthesis ◽

Cell Population ◽

Guinea Pigs ◽

Culture Fluid ◽

Cellular Immune Responses ◽

A Cell ◽

Delayed Reactions ◽

Cellular Immune

In vitro antigen stimulation of DNA synthesis in lymph node cultures from immunized guinea pigs can be obtained with very low (10–4 µg/ml) antigen concentrations in the culture fluid. Immunization with low doses of DNP-GPA leads to a cell population capable of being stimulated, on the average, by low concentration of antigen whereas immunization with large antigen doses results in a sensitive cell population requiring, on the average, high antigen concentrations for stimulation. These findings correlate well with the affinity for hapten of the serum antibodies produced by these guinea pigs. Both delayed reactions in vivo and DNA synthesis in vitro can be stimulated by hapten conjugated to proteins different from that used in primary immunization. However the immunizing conjugate is much more effective in terms of antigen concentration required for a given response. These results can be understood in terms of a thermodynamically driven interaction of antigen (or "processed" antigen) with cell-associated antibody.

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