scholarly journals The source of fatty acids incorporated into proliferating lymphoid cells in immune-stimulated lymph nodes

2003 ◽  
Vol 89 (3) ◽  
pp. 375-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline M. Pond ◽  
Christine A. Mattacks
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Immune Stimulation ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

To explore the hypothesis that proliferating lymphoid cells in immune-stimulated lymph nodes obtain nutrients locally from adjacent adipose tissue, adult guinea pigs were fed for 6 weeks on standard chow or on chow supplemented with 100 g suet, sunflower oil or fish oi/g. All the guinea pigs ate standard chow for the last 5 d, during which swelling of one popliteal lymph node was stimulated by repeated local injection of lipopolysaccharide. The fatty acid compositions of phospholipids in both popliteal and in several mesenteric lymph nodes, and of triacylglycerols in eleven samples of adipose tissue defined by their anatomical relations to lymph nodes, were determined by GC. The proportions of fatty acids in the phospholipids extracted from the stimulated popliteal node correlated best with those of triacylglycerols in the surrounding adipocytes, less strongly with those of adipocytes elsewhere in depots associated with lymphoid tissue, but not with those of nodeless depots. The composition of triacylglycerols in the perinodal adipose tissue changed under local immune stimulation. We conclude that proliferating lymphoid cells in activated lymph nodes obtain fatty acids mainly from the triacylglycerols in adjacent perinodal adipose tissue. Immune stimulation prompts changes in the fatty acid composition of the triacylglycerols of adipocytes in node-containing depots that equip the adipose tissue for provisioning immune responses. Such local interactions show that specialised adipocytes can act as an interface between whole-body and cellular nutrition, and may explain why mammalian adipose tissue is partitioned into a few large and many small depots.

scholarly journals The effects of feeding suet-enriched chow on site-specific differences in the composition of triacylglycerol fatty acids in adipose tissue and its interactionsin vitrowith lymphoid cells

1997 ◽  
Vol 77 (4) ◽  
pp. 621-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christine A. Mattacks ◽  
Caroline M. Pond
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lymph Nodes ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Lymphoid Cells ◽  
Site Specific

The effects of diet on the composition and properties of adipose tissue in relation to lymph nodes were studied in adult guinea-pigs. The proportions of monoenoic triacylglycerol fatty acids were constant in all sites in adipose tissue of similarly fed guinea-pigs, but were substantially greater in samples from guinea-pigs fed on suet-enriched chow. Triacylglycerols in adipose tissue from near nodes contained significantly fewer saturated fatty acids, and significantly more 18:2n−6 and 18:3n−3 than those in samples from sites remote from nodes within the same depot. Depots that interact most strongly with lymphoid cellsin vitrohad the largest and most consistent within-depot differences. The gradients of triacylgiycerol fatty acid composition with distance from lymph nodes in two small intermuscular depots were similar in guinea-pigs fed on plain or suet-enriched chow. These findings are consistent with the hypothesis that adipose tissue around lymph nodes is specialized for local interactions with the lymphoid cells therein, and help to explain the variability of serial or duplicate measurements of adipose tissue composition. When cultured alone, lipopolysaccharide-stimulated lymph node lymphoid cells from suet-fed guinea-pigs incorporated as much labelled thymidine as the controls. Adipose tissue explants from suet-fed guinea-pigs inhibited lymphocyte proliferation much less than those of the controls, although the site-specific differences were similar. The pattern of site-specific differences in glycerol released from explants incubated alone was generally similar for both dietary groups, but except in the popliteal depot, the increases following co-culturing with lymphoid cells were smaller for samples from suet-fed guinea-pigs. These experiments show that minor changes in the fatty acid composition of the diet can substantially alter the interactions between adipose tissue and lymphoid cells.

scholarly journals Fatty acid composition of white adipose tissue and breast milk of Mauritian and French mothers and erythrocyte phospholipids of their full-term breast-fed infants

1999 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 263-271 ◽  
Author(s):  
Prity Pugo-Gunsam ◽  
Philippe Guesnet ◽  
Anwar Hussein Subratty ◽  
Dev Anand Rajcoomar ◽  
Chantal Maurage ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
White Adipose Tissue ◽  
Erythrocyte Phospholipids ◽  
Breast Fed ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

The fatty acid compositions of white adipose tissue, colostrum and mature milk triacylglycerols from Mauritian (n 13) and French (n 15) women were analysed and compared in order to highlight cultural differences in dietary intakes and their influence on milk fatty acid composition. Erythrocyte phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine fatty acid compositions were also investigated in their term infants, breast-fed over a period of 6 weeks. Fatty acid composition (g/100 g) of all samples was determined by GLC and anthropometric measurements were assessed in the two populations at birth and on day 42. Comparisons of white adipose tissue fatty acid compositions demonstrated lower levels of saturated (23·64 (se 1·54) v. 29·75 (se 0·67), P < 0·01) and monounsaturated (39·44 (se 1·27) v. 54·84 (se 0·75), P < 0·001) fatty acids and higher levels of polyunsaturated fatty acids (n−6 series: 32·47 (se 1·31) v. 14·32 (se 0·47), P < 0·001 and n−3 series: 2·87 (se 0·49) v. 0·80 (se 0·07), P < 0·01) in Mauritian than in French samples respectively. Accordingly, milk fat of the Mauritian women contained higher levels of parent essential fatty acids and their longer-chain derivatives than did milk fat from French women. Higher levels of parent essential fatty acids but lower levels of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids were found in erythrocyte phospholipids of Mauritian infants compared with French infants. Infants' erythrocyte arachidonate and docosahexaenoate contents did not correlate with any anthropometric variables at birth or at day 42, neither did they correlate with anthropometric variation over the study period. Our results suggest the lack of a simple relationship between the amount of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in human milk and their accretion in the erythrocyte phospholipids of breast-fed infants when provided concomitantly with high levels of both linoleic and α-linolenic acids in ratios which fall within recommended ranges.

Effect of Noradrenaline on Glycerol Turnover and Lipolysis in the Whole Body and Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue in Humans in Vivo

1994 ◽  
Vol 86 (2) ◽  
pp. 177-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kurpad ◽  
K. Khan ◽  
A. G. Calder ◽  
S. Coppack ◽  
K. Frayn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose Tissue ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Glycerol Release ◽  
Noradrenaline Infusion ◽  
Esterified Fatty Acids ◽  
Subcutaneous Adipose

1. The effect of infusion of noradrenaline (0.42 μmol min−1 kg−1) on the exchange of non-esterified fatty acids, glycerol and other metabolites across subcutaneous abdominal adipose tissue was investigated in five healthy subjects using an arteriovenous catheterization technique and measurement of adipose tissue blood flow using the 133Xe clearance technique. At the same time, the net rate of fat oxidation in the whole body was assessed by indirect calorimetry, and the turnover of glycerol in the whole body and in subcutaneous adipose tissue was estimated using [5-2H]glycerol, which was administered as a primed constant infusion for 1 h before (basal turnover) noradrenaline administration and continued during the 1 h of noradrenaline infusion. 2. The noradrenaline infusion increased the plasma noradrenaline concentration from a basal value of 0.9 ± 0.1 to 12.6 ± 1.2 nmol/(mean ± SEM) at 60 min. It also increased the arterialized concentration of glycerol by 50% (basal value 81 ± 11/μmol/l−1) and that of plasma non-esterified fatty acids three-fold (basal value 357 ± 86 μmol/l). 3. Noradrenaline increased the net release of glycerol by adipose tissue three-fold and that of non-esterified fatty acids three- to four-fold. Although the ratio of non-esterified fatty acid to glycerol release by adipose tissue increased in all subjects from a mean value of 2.7 in the basal period to 3.6 and 3.9 at 50 and 60 min of the noradrenaline infusion, respectively (P < 0.02), at no time point did the ratio differ significantly from 3.0 4. Noradrenaline increased the estimated rate of appearance of glycerol in the whole body from a basal value of 1.5 ± 0.3 to 2.6 ± 0.3 μmol min−1 kg−1 body weight, and the net rate of triacylglycerol oxidation from 1.2 ± 0.1 to 1.7 ± 0.13 μmol min−1 kg−1. The enrichment of glycerol in venous blood draining adipose tissue was two-fold lower than that predicted from the net addition of glycerol to the blood in the basal period (P < 0.02). 5. This study provides a direct demonstration of a ‘hormone’ stimulating lipolysis in human adipose tissue in viva The effect of noradrenaline in significantly increasing the ratio of non-esterified fatty acid to glycerol release by adipose tissue may be partly explained by accumulation in adipose tissue of diacylglycerol, which is associated with release of non-esterified fatty acids but not glycerol. Finally, since the low enrichment of glycerol in venous blood draining adipose tissue cannot be entirely explained by the net addition of glycerol in adipose tissue, there must be exchange between enriched glycerol in blood and unenriched glycerol in adipose tissue. This raises questions about the accuracy of glycerol turnover studies, which are typically carried out over 1 h.

Platelet Aggregation in Finnish Men and Its Relation to Fatty Acids in Platelets, Plasma and Adipose Tissue

1985 ◽  
Vol 54 (03) ◽  
pp. 563-569 ◽  
Author(s):  
M K Salo ◽  
E Vartiainen ◽  
P Puska ◽  
T Nikkari
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Platelet Aggregation ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Saturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Free Living ◽  
Ω3 Fatty Acids ◽  
Induced Aggregation

SummaryPlatelet aggregation and its relation to fatty acid composition of platelets, plasma and adipose tissue was determined in 196 randomly selected, free-living, 40-49-year-old men in two regions of Finland (east and southwest) with a nearly twofold difference in the IHD rate.There were no significant east-southwest differences in platelet aggregation induced with ADP, thrombin or epinephrine. ADP-induced platelet secondary aggregation showed significant negative associations with all C20-C22 ω3-fatty acids in platelets (r = -0.26 - -0.40) and with the platelet 20: 5ω3/20: 4ω 6 and ω3/ ω6 ratios, but significant positive correlations with the contents of 18:2 in adipose tissue (r = 0.20) and plasma triglycerides (TG) (r = 0.29). Epinephrine-induced aggregation correlated negatively with 20: 5ω 3 in plasma cholesteryl esters (CE) (r = -0.23) and TG (r = -0.29), and positively with the total percentage of saturated fatty acids in platelets (r = 0.33), but had no significant correlations with any of the ω6-fatty acids. Thrombin-induced aggregation correlated negatively with the ω3/6ω ratio in adipose tissue (r = -0.25) and the 20: 3ω6/20: 4ω 6 ratio in plasma CE (r = -0.27) and free fatty acids (FFA) (r = -0.23), and positively with adipose tissue 18:2 (r = 0.23) and 20:4ω6 (r = 0.22) in plasma phospholipids (PL).The percentages of prostanoid precursors in platelet lipids, i. e. 20: 3ω 6, 20: 4ω 6 and 20 :5ω 3, correlated best with the same fatty acids in plasma CE (r = 0.32 - 0.77) and PL (r = 0.28 - 0.74). Platelet 20: 5ω 3 had highly significant negative correlations with the percentage of 18:2 in adipose tissue and all plasma lipid fractions (r = -0.35 - -0.44).These results suggest that, among a free-living population, relatively small changes in the fatty acid composition of plasma and platelets may be reflected in significant differences in platelet aggregation, and that an increase in linoleate-rich vegetable fat in the diet may not affect platelet function favourably unless it is accompanied by an adequate supply of ω3 fatty acids.

Fatty Acid Data and Crop Surveys Indicate Sources of Red Sunflower Seed Weevil (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Populations and Suggest Strategies for Management

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarrad R Prasifka ◽  
Beth Ferguson ◽  
James V Anderson
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Oleic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Sunflower Seed ◽  
Cultural Practices ◽  
High Oleic ◽  
Fatty Acid Data ◽  
Smicronyx Fulvus ◽  
Combined Data ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

Abstract The red sunflower seed weevil, Smicronyx fulvus L., is a univoltine seed-feeding pest of cultivated sunflower, Helianthus annuus L. Artificial infestations of S. fulvus onto sunflowers with traditional (&lt;25% oleic acid), mid-oleic (55–75%), or high oleic (&gt;80%) fatty acid profiles were used to test if fatty acids could be used as natural markers to estimate the proportion of weevils developing on oilseed sunflowers rather than wild Helianthus spp. and confection (non-oil) types. Oleic acid (%) in S. fulvus confirmed the fatty acid compositions of mature larvae and weevil adults reflected their diets, making primary (oleic or linoleic) fatty acids feasible as natural markers for this crop-insect combination. Oleic acid in wild S. fulvus populations in North Dakota suggests at least 84 and 90% of adults originated from mid-oleic or high oleic sunflower hybrids in 2017 and 2018, respectively. Surveys in 2017 (n = 156 fields) and 2019 (n = 120 fields) extended information provided by S. fulvus fatty acid data; no significant spatial patterns of S. fulvus damage were detected in samples, damage to oilseed sunflowers was greater than confection (non-oil) types, and the majority of damage occurred in ≈10% of surveyed fields. Combined, data suggest a few unmanaged or mismanaged oilseed sunflower fields are responsible for producing most S. fulvus in an area. Improved management seems possible with a combination of grower education and expanded use of non-insecticidal tactics, including cultural practices and S. fulvus-resistant hybrids.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Chemical Variability of Cured Vanilla Beans (Vanilla tahitensis and Vanilla planifolia)

2009 ◽  
Vol 4 (10) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0900401 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christel Brunschwig ◽  
François Xavier Collard ◽  
Jean-Pierre Bianchini ◽  
Phila Raharivelomanana
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Monounsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Vanilla Planifolia ◽  
Chemical Variability ◽  
Total Fatty Acids ◽  
Curing Method ◽  
Fatty Acid Compositions

In order to establish a chemical fingerprint of vanilla diversity, thirty samples of V. planifolia J. W. Moore and V. tahitensis G. Jackson cured beans from seven producing countries were examined for their aroma and fatty acid contents. Both fatty acid and aroma compositions were found to vary between vanilla species and origins. Vanillin was found in higher amounts in V. planifolia (1.7-3.6% of dry matter) than in V. tahitensis (1.0-2.0%), and anisyl compounds were found in lower amounts in V. planifolia (0.05%) than in V. tahitensis (1.4%-2.1%). Ten common and long chain monounsaturated fatty acids (LCFA) were identified and were found to be characteristic of the vanilla origin. LCFA derived from secondary metabolites have discriminating compositions as they reach 5.9% and 15.8% of total fatty acids, respectively in V. tahitensis and V. planifolia. This study highlights the role of the curing method as vanilla cured beans of two different species cultivated in the same country were found to have quite similar fatty acid compositions.

Effects of cold acclimation on lipid metabolism in adipose tissue

1961 ◽  
Vol 200 (4) ◽  
pp. 847-850 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith K. Patkin ◽  
E. J. Masoro
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
Cold Acclimation ◽  
Long Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Synthetic Capacity ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Chain ◽  
Chain Fatty Acids

Cold acclimation is known to alter hepatic lipid metabolism. Liver slices from cold-acclimated rats have a greatly depressed capacity to synthesize long-chain fatty acids from acctate-1-C14. Since adipose tissue is the major site of lipogenic activity in the intact animal, its fatty acid synthetic capacity was studied. In contrast to the liver, it was found that adipose tissue from the cold-acclimated rat synthesized three to six times as much long-chain fatty acids per milligram of tissue protein as the adipose tissue from the control rat living at 25°C. Evidence is presented indicating that adipose tissue from cold-acclimated and control rats esterify long-chain fatty acids at the same rate. The ability of adipose tissue to oxidize palmitic acid to CO2 was found to be unaltered by cold acclimation. The fate of the large amount of fatty acid synthesized in the adipose tissue of cold-acclimated rats is discussed.

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