Validity of the Newly Established Low-Molecular-Weight Heparin Standard in Cross-Referencing Low-Molecular-Weight Heparins

1988 ◽  
Vol 18 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-47
Author(s):  
J. Fareed ◽  
J.M. Walenga ◽  
A. Racanelli ◽  
D. Hoppensteadt ◽  
X. Huan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins

Pharmacokinetics of Subcutaneous Low Molecular Weight Heparin (Enoxaparin) in Dogs

2009 ◽  
Vol 45 (6) ◽  
pp. 261-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kari V. Lunsford ◽  
Andrew J. Mackin ◽  
V. Cory Langston ◽  
Marjory Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Veterinary Medicine ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Patient Monitoring ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Pharmacodynamic Profile ◽  
Hemorrhagic Complications

Unfractionated heparin has been the standard heparin used in human and veterinary medicine for its anticoagulation effect; however, it has a complex pharmacodynamic profile that requires close monitoring. Low molecular weight heparins have a more predictable bioavailability, allowing standardized dosing without individual patient monitoring. This project was designed to a) evaluate the pharmacokinetics of the subcutaneous (SC) administration of the low molecular weight heparin, enoxaparin, in dogs using anti-Xa activity as a marker of plasma enoxaparin concentrations and b) to establish the dose necessary to maintain activity within an established target range. Enoxaparin at 0.8 mg/kg SC q 6 hours consistently maintained target levels of anti-Xa activity in normal dogs without evidence of hemorrhagic complications.

scholarly journals Modern low-molecular-weight heparins in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolic complications in oncourologic patients

2018 ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
N. V. Vorobyev ◽  
S. V. Popov
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Impaired Renal Function ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Antithrombotic Effect ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic

Oncourologic diseases are accompanied by a risk for subsequent venous thromboembolic complications, which are rated the most dangerous in terms of thrombogenic effect. The article presents a review of the clinical studies of efficacy and safety, and the experience in using of modern low-molecular-weight heparins in clinical practice - drugs of choice for the prevention of venous thromboembolic complications in cancer patients. Particular attention is paid to Bemiparin - a new second-generation low-molecular-weight heparin with a significant antithrombotic effect and improved pharmacological parameters that allow it to be successfully used in patients with impaired renal function in oncourological practice.

Heparin and low-molecular-weight heparin

2008 ◽  
Vol 99 (11) ◽  
pp. 807-818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Mulloy ◽  
Trevor Barrowcliffe ◽  
Elaine Gray
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Venous Thrombosis ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Clinical Status ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Prevention And Treatment

SummaryHeparin is one of the oldest biological medicines, and has an established place in the prevention and treatment of venous thrombosis. Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) have been developed by several manufacturers and have advantages in terms of pharmacokinetics and convenience of administration. They have been shown to be at least as effective and safe as unfractionated heparin and have replaced the latter in many indications. In this article the chemistry, mechanisms of action, measurement of anticoagulant activities, and clinical status of heparin and LMWH are reviewed.

scholarly journals Low Molecular Weight Heparin Induced Skin Necrosis without Platelet Fall Revealing Immunoallergic Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas Godet ◽  
Sébastien Perbet ◽  
Aurélien Lebreton ◽  
Guillaume Gayraud ◽  
Sophie Cayot ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Adverse Event ◽  
Differential Diagnosis ◽  
Renal Replacement Therapy ◽  
Skin Necrosis ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Functional Tests ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Heparin Induced Thrombocytopenia

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWH) are commonly used in the ICU setting for thromboprophylaxis as well as curative decoagulation as required during renal replacement therapy (RRT). A rare adverse event revealing immunoallergic LMWH induced thrombopenia (HIT) is skin necrosis at injection sites. We report the case of a patient presenting with skin necrosis witnessing an HIT after RRT, without thrombocytopenia. The mechanism remains unclear. Anti-PF4/heparin antibodies, functional tests (HIPA and/or SRA), and skin biopsy are of great help to evaluate differential diagnosis with a low pretest probability 4T’s score.

scholarly journals The anti-factor Xa range for low molecular weight heparin thromboprophylaxis

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Y. Wei ◽  
Salena M. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Dose Adjustment ◽  
Factor Xa ◽  
Research Data ◽  
Target Range ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Therapeutic Doses ◽  
Venous Thromboses

Low molecular weight heparins (LMWHs) are now the mainstay option in the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism. In some patients receiving therapeutic doses of LMWH, activity can be measured by quantifying the presence of Anti-factor Xa (AFXa) for dose adjustment. However, currently there are no guidelines for LMWH monitoring in patients on thromboprophylactic, doses, despite certain patient populations may be at risk of suboptimal dosing. This review found that while the AFXa ranges for therapeutic levels of LMWHs are relatively well defined in the literature, prophylactic ranges are much less clear, thus making it difficult to interpret current research data. From the studies published to date, we concluded that a reasonable AFXa target range for LMWH deep venous thromboses prophylaxis might be 0.2-0.5 IU/mL.

scholarly journals Nursing Skill and Responsibility in Administration of Low Molecular Weight Heparin by Prefilled Syringe

2021 ◽  
pp. 85-92
Author(s):  
Vaishali Tembhare ◽  
Gaurav Mujbaile ◽  
Seema Singh ◽  
Achita Sawarkar ◽  
Maduri Shambharkar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Blood Test ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Occult Blood ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Protamine Sulphate ◽  
Subcutaneous Tissues ◽  
Skin Discoloration ◽  
Medicine Administration

Abstract: Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) have proven to be effective in the prevention and treatment of thrombotic disorders, as well as   substitute for unfractionated heparin (UFH). LMWHs are a diverse collection of medicines with different biochemical and pharmacological characteristics, despite the fact that they all have antithrombotic actions. Medicine is administered into the subcutaneous tissues with these injections. Small amounts of injections are delivered by the subcutaneous approach, which involves inserting a small thin needle beneath the skin and slowly injecting the medicine. Low molecular weight heparins make up dalteparin and enoxaparin, two anticoagulants. The rights of medicine administration must be followed by nurses. For patients on LMWH medication, the most essential blood test is prothrombin time. Following administration, look for any signs of bleeding, such as occult blood in the stool, malena, bleeding gums, and skin discoloration/hematoma. The antidote for low molecular weight heparin is protamine sulphate. It is effective at counteracting the effects of LMWH. 100 units of LMWH are neutralised by 1 mg of protamine sulphate.If it's been more than 8 hours since you've given LMWH, provide 0.5 mg protamin per 100 units of LMWH.

scholarly journals Use of Rivaroxaban for Prevention of Venous Thromboembolic Complications in Elderly Patients after Hip Arthroplasty

2016 ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
A. P. Afanas’Ev ◽  
A. A. Kardanov ◽  
A. S. Karandin ◽  
A. V. Korolev
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
Hip Arthroplasty ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Thromboembolic Complications ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Heparin Group ◽  
Venous Thromboembolic

Results of retrospective analysis of the efficacy and safety of venous thromboembolic complications prevention using anticoagulants (low-molecular-weight heparins and rivaroxaban) in elderly (over 75 years) patients after hip arthroplasty are presented. Ninety four patients were divided into 2 groups (n=47) depending on the applied anticoagulant. Follow up period was 6 months after hospitalization. Asymptomatic thrombosis was diagnosed by duplex ultrasonography only in 1 (2.1%) patient from low-molecular-weight heparin group. No one case of either bleeding or hemorrhage was recorded. It is stated that rivaroxaban ensured effective thromboprophylaxis and safety after hip arthroplasty in elderly patients when no restrictions related to the use of low-molecular-weight heparin injections are present.

scholarly journals Are All Low Molecular Weight Heparins Equivalent in the Management of Venous Thromboembolism?

2007 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 385-392 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jawed Fareed ◽  
Walter Jeske ◽  
Daniel Fareed ◽  
Melaine Clark ◽  
Rakesh Wahi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Clinical Trials ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Safety Data ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Efficacy And Safety ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins

Low molecular weight heparins are replacing unfractionated heparin in a number of clinical indications because of their improved subcutaneous bioavailability and more predictable antithrombotic response. Clinical trials have demonstrated that low molecular weight heparins are at least as safe and effective as unfractionated heparin for the initial treatment of venous thromboembolism, and unfractionated heparin and warfarin for primary and secondary thromboprophylaxis. The mechanism behind the antithrombotic action of low molecular weight heparins is not fully understood but is likely to involve inhibition of coagulation factors Xa and IIa (thrombin), release of tissue-factor-pathway inhibitor, and inhibition of thrombin activatable fibrinolytic inhibitor. Different low molecular weight heparins have been shown to have various effects on coagulation parameters. Seven low molecular weight heparins are currently marketed worldwide, each demonstrated distinct chemical entities with unique pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic profiles. Each low molecular weight heparin is approved for specific indications based on the available efficacy and safety data for that product. The relative efficacy and safety of the low molecular weight heparins are unclear because there have been very few direct comparisons in randomized clinical trials. While recommending low molecular weight heparins for the prevention and treatment of venous thromboembolism, clinical guidelines have not specified individual agents. National and international organizations recognize that low molecular weight heparins are distinct entities and that they should not be used interchangeably in clinical practice. Each low molecular weight heparin should be used at the recommended dose when efficacy and safety data exist for the condition being treated. When these data are not available, the dosing and administration of low molecular weight heparins must be adapted from existing data and recommendations.

Low-molecular-weight heparin

ESC CardioMed ◽  
2018 ◽  
pp. 250-253
Author(s):  
Paul Guedeney ◽  
Mathieu Kerneis ◽  
Johanne Silvain ◽  
Gilles Montalescot ◽  
Jean-Philippe Collet
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽  
Unfractionated Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparin ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Pharmacological Properties ◽  
Low Molecular Weight Heparins ◽  
Therapeutic Alternative ◽  
Coronary Syndrome

Low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWHs) are an therapeutic alternative to unfractionated heparin (UFH) for parenteral anticoagulation, with more reliable pharmacological properties and also an easier practical use. LMWHs are recommended for acute coronary syndrome and thromboembolic diseases.

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