Inflammatory Components of Adipose Tissue as Target for Treatment of Metabolic Syndrome

2009 ◽  
pp. 95-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rina Yu ◽  
Chu-Sook Kim ◽  
Ji-Hye Kang
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue

Correction of morphofunctional disorders with grapes polyphenols in rats with experimental metabolic syndrome

2018 ◽  
pp. 43-48
Author(s):  
Ю.И. Шрамко ◽  
А.В. Кубышкин ◽  
А.А. Давыдова ◽  
И.И. Фомочкина ◽  
Л.Л. Алиев ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Normal Structure ◽  
Hepatic Tissue ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Grape Polyphenols ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Experimental Group

Цель работы состояла в изучении влияния полифенолов винограда на органы-мишени при экспериментальном метаболическом синдроме у крыс. Методы. В течение 12 недель полифенолы винограда применялись у крыс линии Вистар. Все крысы находились на стандартном рационе. Животные были разделены на 6 групп: 1-я контрольная получала питьевую воду; 2-я контрольная и все 4 экспериментальные - 2,5% раствор фруктозы в качестве питья. 1-я экспериментальная группа дополнительно получала препарат «Фэнокор» с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 181,53 г/дм, 2-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 1,73 г/дм; 3-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 4,33 г/дм и 4-я экспериментальная - виноматериал с суммарным содержанием полифенолов 8,58 г/дм. После окончания опыта у крыс проводили морфологические исследования висцеральной жировой ткани, тканей миокарда и печени. Результаты. Анализ результатов показал, что применение полифенольных продуктов переработки винограда в концентрациях 181,53 г/дм при моделировании метаболического синдрома приводило к минимизации морфофункциональных нарушений в висцеральной жировой ткани (уменьшение интенсивности лимфоплазмоцитарной инфильтрации), миокарде (мышечные волокна имели типичное строение и адипоциты между ними встречались лишь очагово) и печени (имелись лишь слабые очаговые дистрофические изменения гепатоцитов). Заключение. Результаты работы свидетельствуют о возможности применения виноматериалов с наибольшей концентрацией полифенолов и препарата «Фэнокор» в коррекции и профилактике поражений при метаболическом синдроме. The aim of this work was to study the effect of grape polyphenols on target organs in rats with experimental metabolic syndrome. Methods. Grape polyphenols were used in Wistar rats for 12 weeks. All rats received a standard diet. The animals were divided into 6 groups: group 1, control, received drinking water; group 2, the second control, and four experimental groups received a 2.5% fructose solution for drinking. The first experimental group additionally received a drug, Fenocor, containing polyphenols at 181.53 g/dm; the second experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 1,73 g/dm; the third experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 4,33 g/dm; and the fourth experimental group - wine material containing polyphenols at 8,58 g/dm. At the end of experiment, morphological studies of visceral adipose tissue, myocardial tissue, and hepatic tissue were performed. Results. The treatment of rats with experimental metabolic syndrome with grape polyphenolic products at a concentration of 181.53 g/dm minimized morphological and functional disorders in visceral adipose tissue (intensity of lymphoplasmocytic infiltration was decreased), myocardium (muscle fibers had normal structure with only occasional adipocytes between them), and liver (only slight focal degenerative changes were observed in hepatocytes). Conclusion. The study indicated a possibility of using wine materials with the highest concentration of polyphenols and the drug Fenocor for correction and prevention of damages in metabolic syndrome.

Postprandial inflammatory response in adipose tissue of patients with metabolic syndrome after the intake of different dietary models

2011 ◽  
Vol 55 (12) ◽  
pp. 1759-1770 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria E. Meneses ◽  
Antonio Camargo ◽  
Pablo Perez-Martinez ◽  
Javier Delgado-Lista ◽  
Cristina Cruz-Teno ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Inflammatory Response

Abstract 3672: Loss of Perivascular Adipocyte Paracrine Function Leads to Increased Vascular Tone and Glucose Intolerance in Hypertension

Circulation ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 118 (suppl_18) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaivan Khavandi ◽  
Adam Greenstein ◽  
Sarah Withers ◽  
Kazuhiko Sonoyama ◽  
Sarah Lewis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vascular Tone ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Perivascular Adipose Tissue ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipocyte Cell ◽  
Therapeutic Opportunity

In order to investigate the contribution of perivascular adipose tissue (PVAT) to arterial function, a total of 55 small arteries harvested from 35 skin biopsies of patients with Metabolic Syndrome and matched controls were mounted as ring preparations in a wire myograph. Contractility to cumulative doses of Norepinephrine in the presence or absence of PVAT showed an anticontractile effect in arteries from healthy volunteers (p=0.009), which was lost in patients with Metabolic Syndrome. Bioassay studies confirmed that PVAT releases a hydrophilic anticontractile factor in health, which is absent in obesity. Using a soluble fragment of the human Type 1 receptor, we identified that the anticontractile factor was adiponectin, which is the sole mediator of vasodilation, acting by increasing endothelial bioavailability of nitric oxide. Significant endothelial dysfunction was observed in patients with Metabolic Syndrome (p<0.001). Quantitative image analysis of adipose tissue revealed significantly increased adipocyte cell size in patients with Metabolic Syndrome, compared with healthy controls (p<0.006). There was immunohistochemical evidence of inflammation with upregulation of TNF-alpha receptor 1 in these patients (p<0.001). Application of exogenous TNF-alpha abolished the anticontractile effect of PVAT by reducing adiponectin bioavailability. Oxidative stress also induced by cytokines TNF-alpha and IL-6 but not IL-1, reduced adiponectin production from PVAT and increased basal tone. When the obese microenvironment was replicated in vitro by inflicting hypoxia on PVAT, adiponectin activity was lost but then rescued by incubation with cytokine antagonists. Further application of the adiponectin receptor fragment abolished PVAT relaxation. We conclude that in healthy arteries, PVAT releases adiponectin which reduces vascular tone. In obesity, this is lost by a cascade of adipocyte hypertrophy, hypoxia, inflammation and oxidative stress. The resulting vasoconstriction contributes to hypertension, hypertriglyceridaemia and insulin resistance. Direct targeting of adiponectin release from PVAT therefore provides a novel therapeutic opportunity in the Metabolic Syndrome.

Abstract 461: Role of Physical Training Intensity in Metabolic and Cardiovascular Dysfunctions in a Fructose Overload Model

Hypertension ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 60 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jacqueline F Machi ◽  
Nathalia Bernardes ◽  
Danielle S Dias ◽  
Cristiano Mostarda ◽  
Edson Moreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Resistance ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Maximum Speed ◽  
Normal Range ◽  
Maximal Exercise Test ◽  
Baroreceptor Sensitivity ◽  
Chronic Effects ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

This study evaluated the chronic effects of the run and walk in the metabolic and cardiovascular parameters of a metabolic syndrome experimental model. Male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups(n=8): Control (C),Sedentary Fructose (SF), Fructose Run (FR) and Fructose Walk (FW, n= 8). Metabolic syndrome (MS) induction was performed with D-fructose in drinking water for 18 weeks. The exercise training was initiated after the nineth week of treatment with fructose and was held for 8 weeks (60 minutes/day, 5 times / week). The FW and FR were performed on a treadmill (1 h/day; 5 days/wk for 8 wk), with ∼20% and 60% intensities respectively of the maximum speed in a maximal exercise test. Plasma glucose, triglycerides, insulin resistance, adipose tissue, blood pressure, heart rate, baroreceptor sensitivity and sympathetic and parasympathetic tone, were evaluated at the end of protocol. The results showed that run and walking decreased the adipose tissue (FR: 2.97±0.2; FW: 4.26±0.9; SF: 6.49±0.6; C: 3.23±0.2 g). The glycemia values remained within the normal range,(FR: 86.7±2.3; WF: 91.0±1.4; SF: 70.2±1.9; C: 84±2.3 mg/dl), however only the FR group decreased the triglycerides levels (FR: 133±8.8; FW: 159±10.2; SF: 220±6.3; C: 96± 4.2 mg/dl), and the insulin resistance (FR: 4.37±0.1; FW: 3.55±0.2; SF: 2.79±0.3; C: 4.86±0.3 %/min). The FR group showed a reduction in mean arterial pressure (FR: 111±4.5, FW: 125±4.1; SF: 137±2.6, C: 113±1.5 mmHg) and increased of bradycardic (FR 1.76±0.08; FW 1.31±0.10; SF 1.37±0.10; C 1.72±0.14 bpm/mmHg) and tachycardic response to BP changes (FR 4.02±0.32; FW 2.56±0.16; SF 1.97±0.15; C (and C 3.25±0.37 bpm/mmHg). Finally we observed that only the FR group showed an increase of the vagal tone (FR: 72.3±8.1, FW: 47.3±6.7; FS: 40.3±4.6, C: 60.7±6.5 bpm). In conclusion, our results suggest that training walk (FW), a practice widely recommended, is especially effective for the treatment of metabolic disorders, whereas controlled exercise (FR) seems to encompass hemodynamic and metabolic aspects. This application is easy and within reach of the majority of the population, indicating that this practice should be encouraged and may be effective in managing cardiovascular risk in MS as start therapeutic. Sources of Funding:FAPESP.

Metabolic Syndrome and Adipose Tissue: New Clinical Aspects and Therapeutic Targets

2007 ◽  
Vol 13 (21) ◽  
pp. 2148-2168 ◽  
Author(s):  
C.V. Iannucci ◽  
D. Capoccia ◽  
M. Calabria ◽  
F. Leonetti
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Therapeutic Targets ◽  
Clinical Aspects

scholarly journals Mouse breast cancer model-dependent changes in metabolic syndrome-associated phenotypes caused by maternal dioxin exposure and dietary fat

2009 ◽  
Vol 296 (1) ◽  
pp. E203-E210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michele La Merrill ◽  
David S. Baston ◽  
Michael S. Denison ◽  
Linda S. Birnbaum ◽  
Daniel Pomp ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Estrogenic Activity ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Growth Spurt ◽  
Cancer Model ◽  
Serum Triglycerides ◽  
Cancer Models

Diets high in fat are associated with increased susceptibility to obesity and metabolic syndrome. Increased adipose tissue that is caused by high-fat diets (HFD) results in altered storage of lipophilic toxicants like 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo- p-dioxin (TCDD), which may further increase susceptibility to metabolic syndrome. Because both TCDD and HFD are associated with increased breast cancer risk, we examined their effects on metabolic syndrome-associated phenotypes in three mouse models of breast cancer: 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene (DMBA), Tg(MMTV-Neu)202Mul/J (HER2), and TgN(MMTV-PyMT)634Mul/J (PyMT), all on an FVB/N genetic background. Pregnant mice dosed with 1 μg/kg of TCDD or vehicle on gestational day 12.5 were placed on a HFD or low-fat diet (LFD) at parturition. Body weights, percent body fat, and fasting blood glucose were measured longitudinally, and triglycerides were measured at study termination. On HFD, all cancer models reached the pubertal growth spurt ahead of FVB controls. Among mice fed HFD, the HER2 model had a greater increase in body weight and adipose tissue from puberty through adulthood compared with the PyMT and DMBA models. However, the DMBA model consistently had higher fasting blood glucose levels than the PyMT and HER2 models. TCDD only impacted serum triglycerides in the PyMT model maintained on HFD. Because the estrogenic activity of the HFD was three times lower than that of the LFD, differential dietary estrogenic activities did not drive the observed phenotypic differences. Rather, the HFD-dependent changes were cancer model dependent. These results show that cancer models can have differential effects on metabolic syndrome-associated phenotypes even before cancers arise.

Adipose tissue polyunsaturated fatty acids and metabolic syndrome among adult parents and their children

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (12) ◽  
pp. 1237-1244 ◽  
Author(s):  
K.S. Flannagan ◽  
M. Ramírez-Zea ◽  
A.V. Roman ◽  
A.K. Das ◽  
E. Villamor
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids
Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document