Fecal Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase: a Parameter for Toxic Damage of the Small Intestinal Mucosa

Digestion ◽  
1981 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 156-162 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.-G. Lehmann ◽  
H. Hufnagel ◽  
H. Lorenz-Meyer
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Toxic Damage ◽  
Small Intestinal

Prevalence and Properties of the Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase Identified in Serum by Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis

1992 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 507-511 ◽  
Author(s):  
W C Griffiths ◽  
P D Camara ◽  
M Rosner ◽  
R Lev ◽  
E M Brooks
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Cellulose Acetate ◽  
Colonic Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Fasting Serum ◽  
Intestinal Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Serum Samples ◽  
Cellulose Acetate Electrophoresis ◽  
Hospital Patients ◽  
Small Intestinal

Abstract We investigated the prevalence and characteristics of intestinal alkaline phosphatase (ALP; EC 3.1.3.1) identified in human serum by cellulose acetate electrophoresis in 8% of fasting serum samples from hospital patients (n = 500) and in 35% of fasting serum samples from patients with diabetes mellitus (n = 106; not differentiated between types 1 and 2). The intestinal ALP electrophoretic band was usually heterogeneous and contained two major subtypes of ALP. Isoelectric focusing of intestinal-ALP-positive serum treated with levamisole and neuraminidase (EC 3.2.1.18) revealed two distinct regions of enzymatic activity that comigrated with ALP extracted from small intestinal and colonic mucosa. Anodic intestinal ALP was resistant to treatment with levamisole and neuraminidase and comigrated with ALP from small intestinal mucosa. The more-cathodic intestinal ALP, which comigrated with ALP from colonic mucosa, was completely inhibited by levamisole and converted by neuraminidase to a species with a more basic pI than that of neuraminidase-digested tissue-nonspecific form. This component of intestinal ALP may be of vascular origin.

scholarly journals The decrease of IGF-I, IGF-binding protein-3 and bone alkaline phosphatase isoforms during gluten challenge correlates with small intestinal inflammation in children with coeliac disease

2001 ◽  
pp. 417-423 ◽  
Author(s):  
UH Jansson ◽  
B Kristiansson ◽  
P Magnusson ◽  
L Larsson ◽  
K Albertsson-Wikland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Igf I ◽  
Igf Binding ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Igf Binding Protein ◽  
Igfbp 3

OBJECTIVE: In children with coeliac disease, the ingestion of gluten causes small intestinal inflammation and a clinical picture of malabsorption, weight reduction and short stature. Decreased alkaline phosphatase (ALP) during gluten challenge was found in a previous study. ALP is a marker of bone formation and ALP activities are correlated with growth velocity. The aim of this study was to characterise the previously observed decrease of total ALP by investigating three specific bone ALP isoforms (bone/intestinal, B1 and B2) and three specific liver ALP isoforms (L1, L2 and L3) and, moreover, to correlate these ALP isoforms with other growth factors and growth markers. In addition, we also studied the association with possible weight changes, small intestinal mucosa inflammation, sex, age and gluten dose during gluten challenge. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bone and liver ALP isoforms, IGF-I, IGF-binding protein (IGFBP)-3 and serum cross-linked carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type I collagen (ICTP) were measured together with change in weight and small intestinal mucosa histopathology in 54 children with earlier enteropathy who participated in a 4-week gluten challenge. RESULTS: We observed a decreased total ALP activity after 4 weeks of gluten challenge, 7.8+/-1.8 to 6.5+/-1.7 microkat/l (means +/- s.d.), which was mainly due to a reduction of the bone ALP isoforms. The sum of all three bone ALP isoforms decreased from 6.3+/-1.7 to 5.1+/-1.6 microkat/l. The decreased activities of the bone ALP isoforms correlated with the observed reductions of IGF-I (r=0.74, P<0.001), IGFBP-3 (r=0.51, P<0.001) and ICTP (r=0.57, P<0.001). The decrease of the growth factors and growth markers correlated with weight reduction, but when influences from the change in weight were adjusted for, the partial correlation of the small intestinal mucosa inflammation was significant for IGF-I (r=-0.56, P<0.001) and IGFBP-3 (r=-0.55, P<0.001). CONCLUSION: The decrease of total ALP was due to a reduction of bone ALP. The decrease of IGF-I and IGFBP-3 was independently correlated with weight change and small intestinal inflammation.

Histopathology of the small intestinal mucosa in Nematodirus spathiger infection in rabbits

1993 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Hoste ◽  
S. Mallet ◽  
G. Fort
Keyword(s):  
Alkaline Phosphatase ◽  
Small Intestine ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Leucine Aminopeptidase ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Main Site ◽  
Distal Small Intestine ◽  
Adaptive Process ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Proximal Intestine

AbstractRabbits were experimentally infected with two levels (5000 and 17000) infective larvae of Nematodirus spathiger. Histological (villus length, mucosa to serosa ratio, crypt surface) and biochemical (protein content, alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities) measurements relating to the small intestinal mucosa were examined along the entire length of the organ. In the proximal intestine, the presence of worms was associated with villus abrasion, increased crypt surface and decreased alkaline phosphatase and leucine aminopeptidase activities. Conversely, beyond the main Site of infection in the distal small intestine, some signs of hypertrophied villi and crypts were noted without any changes in enzyme activities. These distal variations were similar to those previously described in experimental Trichostrongylus colubriformis infections of rabbits. These results tend to confirm the use of the rabbit as an experimental model to study Nematodirus infection. They also suggest that the distal adaptive process in the nematode-parasitized small intestine could occur independently of the worm species.

scholarly journals Comparative effect of orally administered sodium butyrate before or after weaning on growth and several indices of gastrointestinal biology of piglets

2009 ◽  
Vol 102 (9) ◽  
pp. 1285-1296 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maud Le Gall ◽  
Mélanie Gallois ◽  
Bernard Sève ◽  
Isabelle Louveau ◽  
Jens J. Holst ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Sodium Butyrate ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Body Growth ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Feed Digestibility ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Villous Height ◽  
Small Intestinal

Sodium butyrate (SB) provided orally favours body growth and maturation of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) in milk-fed pigs. In weaned pigs, conflicting results have been obtained. Therefore, we hypothesised that the effects of SB (3 g/kg DM intake) depend on the period (before v. after weaning) of its oral administration. From the age of 5 d, thirty-two pigs, blocked in quadruplicates within litters, were assigned to one of four treatments: no SB (control), SB before (for 24 d), or after (for 11–12 d) weaning and SB before and after weaning (for 35–36 d). Growth performance, feed intake and various end-point indices of GIT anatomy and physiology were investigated at slaughter. The pigs supplemented with SB before weaning grew faster after weaning than the controls (P < 0·05). The feed intake was higher in pigs supplemented with SB before or after weaning (P < 0·05). SB provided before weaning improved post-weaning faecal digestibility (P < 0·05) while SB after weaning decreased ileal and faecal digestibilities (P < 0·05). Gastric digesta retention was higher when SB was provided before weaning (P < 0·05). Post-weaning administration of SB decreased the activity of three pancreatic enzymes and five intestinal enzymes (P < 0·05). IL-18 gene expression tended to be lower in the mid-jejunum in SB-supplemented pigs. The small-intestinal mucosa was thinner and jejunal villous height lower in all SB groups (P < 0·05). In conclusion, the pre-weaning SB supplementation was the most efficient to stimulate body growth and feed intake after weaning, by reducing gastric emptying and intestinal mucosa weight and by increasing feed digestibility.

scholarly journals Biosynthesis of apolipoprotein C-III in rat liver and small intestinal mucosa.

1984 ◽  
Vol 259 (4) ◽  
pp. 2452-2456 ◽  
Author(s):  
M C Blaufuss ◽  
J I Gordon ◽  
G Schonfeld ◽  
A W Strauss ◽  
D H Alpers
Keyword(s):  
Rat Liver ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Apolipoprotein C ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Daniel Sánchez ◽  
Iva Hoffmanová ◽  
Adéla Szczepanková ◽  
Věra Hábová ◽  
Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The ingestion of wheat gliadin (alcohol-soluble proteins, an integral part of wheat gluten) and related proteins induce, in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD), which is characterized by immune-mediated impairment of the small intestinal mucosa. The lifelong omission of gluten and related grain proteins, i.e., a gluten-free diet (GFD), is at present the only therapy for CD. Although a GFD usually reduces CD symptoms, it does not entirely restore the small intestinal mucosa to a fully healthy state. Recently, the participation of microbial components in pathogenetic mechanisms of celiac disease was suggested. The present review provides information on infectious diseases associated with CD and the putative role of infections in CD development. Moreover, the involvement of the microbiota as a factor contributing to pathological changes in the intestine is discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanisms by which microbes and their components affect mucosal immunity, including tolerance to food antigens. Modulation of microbiota composition and function and the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in celiac disease are discussed.

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