scholarly journals Contribution of Infectious Agents to the Development of Celiac Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 547
Author(s):  
Daniel Sánchez ◽  
Iva Hoffmanová ◽  
Adéla Szczepanková ◽  
Věra Hábová ◽  
Helena Tlaskalová-Hogenová
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Healthy State ◽  
Food Antigens ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The ingestion of wheat gliadin (alcohol-soluble proteins, an integral part of wheat gluten) and related proteins induce, in genetically predisposed individuals, celiac disease (CD), which is characterized by immune-mediated impairment of the small intestinal mucosa. The lifelong omission of gluten and related grain proteins, i.e., a gluten-free diet (GFD), is at present the only therapy for CD. Although a GFD usually reduces CD symptoms, it does not entirely restore the small intestinal mucosa to a fully healthy state. Recently, the participation of microbial components in pathogenetic mechanisms of celiac disease was suggested. The present review provides information on infectious diseases associated with CD and the putative role of infections in CD development. Moreover, the involvement of the microbiota as a factor contributing to pathological changes in the intestine is discussed. Attention is paid to the mechanisms by which microbes and their components affect mucosal immunity, including tolerance to food antigens. Modulation of microbiota composition and function and the potential beneficial effects of probiotics in celiac disease are discussed.

Orally Based Diagnosis of Celiac Disease: Current Perspectives

2008 ◽  
Vol 87 (12) ◽  
pp. 1100-1107 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Pastore ◽  
G. Campisi ◽  
D. Compilato ◽  
L. Lo Muzio
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Tissue Transglutaminase ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Life Threatening ◽  
Histopathologic Findings ◽  
Antibody Tests

Celiac disease (CD) is a lifelong immune-mediated disorder caused by the ingestion of wheat gluten in genetically susceptible persons. Most cases of CD are atypical and remain undiagnosed, which exposes the individuals to the risk of life-threatening complications. Serologic endomysial and tissue transglutaminase antibody tests are used to screen at-risk individuals, although a firm diagnosis requires demonstration of characteristic histopathologic findings in the small-intestinal mucosa. A gluten challenge, with a repeat biopsy to demonstrate recurrence of histopathologic changes in the intestinal mucosa after the re-introduction of gluten, is considered for those persons in whom diagnosis remains in doubt. In this paper, we review studies that evaluated: (1) the possibility of using oral mucosa for the initial diagnosis of CD or for local gluten challenge; and (2) the possibility of using salivary CD-associated antibodies as screening tests. Our review shows that orally based diagnosis of CD is attractive and promising, although additional evaluations with standardized collection and analysis methods are needed. There is some evidence of a dissociation between systemic and oral mucosal immune responses in CD. The hypothesis that gluten could stimulate naïve lymphocytes directly in the oral cavity would have important implications for the understanding, diagnosis, and management of CD.

scholarly journals Celiac disease and its histopathology

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 1118-1123 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Pudasaini
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Wheat Gluten ◽  
Duodenal Biopsy ◽  
Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Positive Serology ◽  
Chronic Inflammatory Disorder ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Systemic Manifestations ◽  
Hla Dq2

Celiac disease is gluten induced enteropathy and is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the small intestine characterized by malabsorption. It is a common immune mediated disorder which is triggered by consumption of wheat (gluten). It occurs in genetically predisposed individuals (carriers of HLA-DQ2 and DQ8 haplotypes). It is characterized by inflammation of the small-intestinal mucosa and myriad gastrointestinal and systemic manifestations. A duodenal biopsy with positive serology is the gold standard for the diagnosis of Celiac disease. As there are changing presentation for Celiac disease, communication of pathologist and gastroenterologists is essential for appropriate interpretation of duodenal biopsy.

scholarly journals Expression Pattern of Fatty Acid Binding Proteins in Celiac Disease Enteropathy

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Natalia M. Bottasso Arias ◽  
Marina García ◽  
Constanza Bondar ◽  
Luciana Guzman ◽  
Agustina Redondo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Expression Pattern ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Binding Proteins ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding Proteins ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Small Intestinal

Celiac disease (CD) is an immune-mediated enteropathy that develops in genetically susceptible individuals following exposure to dietary gluten. Severe changes at the intestinal mucosa observed in untreated CD patients are linked to changes in the level and in the pattern of expression of different genes. Fully differentiated epithelial cells express two isoforms of fatty acid binding proteins (FABPs): intestinal and liver, IFABP and LFABP, respectively. These proteins bind and transport long chain fatty acids and also have other important biological roles in signaling pathways, particularly those related to PPARγand inflammatory processes. Herein, we analyze the serum levels of IFABP and characterize the expression of both FABPs at protein and mRNA level in small intestinal mucosa in severe enteropathy and normal tissue. As a result, we observed higher levels of circulating IFABP in untreated CD patients compared with controls and patients on gluten-free diet. In duodenal mucosa a differential FABPs expression pattern was observed with a reduction in mRNA levels compared to controls explained by the epithelium loss in severe enteropathy. In conclusion, we report changes in FABPs’ expression pattern in severe enteropathy. Consequently, there might be alterations in lipid metabolism and the inflammatory process in the small intestinal mucosa.

Reduced expression of Z0-1 and gamma catenin in the small intestinal mucosa of untreated celiac disease

2000 ◽  
Vol 118 (4) ◽  
pp. A369
Author(s):  
Ian Perry ◽  
Chris Tselepis ◽  
D Scott A. Sanders ◽  
Janusz A. Jankowski ◽  
Brian T. Cooper ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Untreated Celiac Disease

scholarly journals HLA-DO-SPECIFIC ALLELES ASSOCIATED WITH CELIAC DISEASE (CD) ARE EXPRESSED IN THE SMALL INTESTINAL MUCOSA (SM)

1989 ◽  
Vol 26 (3) ◽  
pp. 273-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Schweizer ◽  
H L Mearin ◽  
A S Pena ◽  
G J A Offerhaus ◽  
E J Dreef ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Celiac Disease ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal

scholarly journals Dietary effects of faba-bean (Vicia faba L.) tannins on the morphology and function of the small-intestinal mucosa of weaned pigs

1995 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Van Leeumen ◽  
A. J. M. Jansam ◽  
J. Wiebenga ◽  
J. F. J. G. Koninkx ◽  
J. M. V. M. Mouwen
Keyword(s):  
Vicia Faba ◽  
Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Faba Bean ◽  
Condensed Tannins ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Proximal Part ◽  
Jejunal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal Mucosa ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
And Function

The objective of the present study was to evaluate effects of condensed tannins in faba beans (Vicia faba L.) on morphological and functional variables of the small-intestinal mucosa of piglets. In an experiment with young piglets (8–17 kg body weight), fed on either a control diet or a diet containing 200 g/kg of low- or high-tannin faba bean hulls (with < 0·10 and 3·3% catechin equivalents of condensed tannins respectively), morphological and functional characteristics of the jejunal mucosa were determined. Results of the study showed that the morphological variables of the mucosa of the three groups of piglets were similar. Also, no changes due to dietary tannins were observed in sucrase (EC 3.2.1.48)–isomaltase (EC 3.2.1.10) activity in homogenates of mucosa plus submucosa. However, aminopeptidase (EC 3.4.11.2) activity in these homogenates in the proximal part of the small intestine of the animals of the group fed on the high-tannin diet was significantly lower than that in the animals fed on the control diet or the diet with low-tannin hulls (P < 0·05).

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