scholarly journals Comparison of Three Formulations of Calcium Acetate Tablets to Evaluate Tolerance and Control of Hyperphosphatemia in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

Nephron ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 505-506 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.P.W. van den Bergh ◽  
B.G. Kaufmann ◽  
G.J.A. van Riet ◽  
W.M. Böttger ◽  
V.M.C. Verstappen
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Calcium Acetate ◽  
And Control

Interleukin-1β and neurogenic control of blood pressure in normal rats and rats with chronic renal failure

2000 ◽  
Vol 279 (6) ◽  
pp. H2786-H2796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shaohua Ye ◽  
Pantea Mozayeni ◽  
Michael Gamburd ◽  
Huiqin Zhong ◽  
Vito M. Campese
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Lateral Ventricle ◽  
Mrna Abundance ◽  
And Control ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Local Expression

Increased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity plays a role in the genesis of hypertension in rats with chronic renal failure (CRF). The rise in central SNS activity is mitigated by increased local expression of neuronal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) mRNA and NO2/NO3 production. Because interleukin (IL)-1β may activate nitric oxide in the brain, we have tested the hypothesis that IL-1β may modulate the activity of the SNS via regulation of the local expression of neuronal NOS (nNOS) in the brain of CRF and control rats. To this end, we first found that administration of IL-1β in the lateral ventricle of control and CRF rats decreased blood pressure and norepinephrine (NE) secretion from the posterior hypothalamus (PH) and increased NOS mRNA expression. Second, we observed that an acute or chronic injection of an IL-1β-specific antibody in the lateral ventricle raised blood pressure and NE secretion from the PH and decreased NOS mRNA abundance in the PH of control and CRF rats. Finally, we measured the IL-1β mRNA abundance in the PH, locus coeruleus, and paraventricular nuclei of CRF and control rats by RT-PCR and found it to be greater in CRF rats than in control rats. In conclusion, these studies have shown that IL-1β modulates the activity of the SNS in the central nervous system and that this modulation is mediated by increased local expression of nNOS mRNA.

Correction formula for carbamylated haemoglobin in diabetic uraemic patients

2001 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-119 ◽  
Author(s):  
A M A Hammouda ◽  
G E Mady
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Free Amino ◽  
Urea Concentration ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Amino Groups ◽  
Correction Formula ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
And Control

The measurement of carbamylated haemoglobin is a useful indicator of uraemic state during the preceding few weeks in patients with renal failure. In diabetic uraemic patients with hyperglycaemia, glycation of haemoglobin may interfere with its carbamylation, as both reactions involve the free amino groups of the protein. The aim of this study was to investigate the carbamylation of haemoglobin in the presence of hyperglycaemia. The study included 29 patients with chronic renal failure on regular haemodialysis, 14 diabetic and 15 non-diabetic patients, and 10 healthy controls. We found a significant correlation between the degree of haemoglobin carbamylation and mean blood urea concentration in both uraemic and control subjects. Carbamylation of haemoglobin was higher in both diabetic and non-diabetic chronic renal failure patients, but there were no significant differences between the groups regarding mean blood urea concentration or level of haemoglobin carbamylation. Carbamylated haemoglobin per unit of blood urea concentration was lower in the diabetic patients. Using a correction formula to account for the degree of haemoglobin glycation, there was no longer a significant difference in carbamylation per unit of blood urea concentration. In vitro incubation of red blood cells from six healthy and six diabetic non-uraemic patients in 70mmol/L urea showed a significantly lower carbamylation in the diabetic patients, but there was no significant difference when using corrected carbamylated haemoglobin values. We conclude that glycation of haemoglobin affects its carbamylation and that monitoring of uraemia in a diabetic patient necessitates the use of carbamylated haemoglobin value corrected for the degree of glycation.

scholarly journals Effect of Cool Dialysate on Depression in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure Treated with Hemodialysis: A Randomized Clinical Trial

2021 ◽  
Vol In Press (In Press) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maryam Farhadi ◽  
Zahra Mirhosseini ◽  
Sedigheh Rastaghi ◽  
Mostafa Rad
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Trial ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Depression Severity ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
P Values ◽  
Severity Of Depression ◽  
The Mean ◽  
And Control

Background: Depression is one of the most common psychiatric problems in hemodialysis patients. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of cool dialysate on depression in patients with chronic renal failure treated with hemodialysis. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was performed on 66 hemodialysis patients suffering from depression. Patients were selected by a convenience sampling method and divided equally into intervention and control groups randomly by permuted block allocation, each group containing 33 patients. Data were acquired with the Beck Depression inventory-I. The intervention and control groups underwent one month of treatment with cool dialysate at 35.5 and 37°C, respectively. The severity of depression for each group was measured at the end of each treatment stage and two weeks after the intervention. Data were analyzed using R version 25 software with a confidence level of 95%. Results: There was no statistically significant difference between the control and intervention groups before and after the intervention (P-values more than 0.05). While the mean of depression severity for the control group decreased from 26.15 ± 1.46 to 22.24 ± 2.00 (P-values < 0.01), the mean of depression severity for the intervention group decreased from 25.56 ± 1.28 to 22.41 ± 1.65 by the intervention (P-value > 0.05). Conclusions: The application of cool dialysate as a non-pharmacological method did not significantly reduce the severity of depression in patients undergoing hemodialysis. Therefore, it is advised to perform further studies that include more research units from different geographical locations, considering a longer intervening duration.

Influência do Tratamento Crônico com L-arginina na Função Renal de Ratos Submetidos a um Modelo Experimental de Doença Renal Crônica/ Influence of Chronic Treatment with L-arginine on Renal Function in Rats Subjected to an Experimental Model of Chronic Ki

1970 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 40-48
Author(s):  
Letícia Pereira De Castro ◽  
Niara da Cunha Borges ◽  
Patrícia Benício Laira ◽  
Nilo César do Vale Baracho
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Renal Function ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Total Protein ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Unilateral Nephrectomy ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Continuous Administration ◽  
Significant Change ◽  
And Control

 Objective: To investigate possible improvements in renal function in rats undergoing chronic renal failure treated with L-arginine. Methods: 28 rats were divided into 4 groups: Control L1- (N=7): treatment with distilled water; L2 - Moderate Uremia (N=7): supplementation with L-arginine (100 mg/kg) with unilateral nephrectomy + nephrectomy ¾ kidney against side; L3 - Moderate Uremia (N=6): supplementation with L-arginine (200 mg/kg) with unilateral nephrectomy + nephrectomy ¾ kidney against side; L4 - Moderate Uremia (N=8): supplementation with L-arginine (500 mg/kg) with unilateral nephrectomy + nephrectomy ¾ kidney against side. Results: Continuous administration of arginine L produced no significant change in creatinine dosage, urea and total protein. In glycemia L2 and L2 albumin there were minor changes. In fluid intake there were specific changes on days 6 and 8, only between L2 and control groups. Analyzing food intake, there were only significant changes (p <0.05) spot, on 5, 7 and 9 between L2 and L1 compared with the control, respectively. Regarding the urinary debit, there were significant change (p <0.01) between L3 and control. Conclusion: It was observed that L-arginine supplementation has no effect on renal failure, does not produce improvements in urea, creatinine, total protein and urinary debit. However, it produces changes in blood glucose and albumin, finding a standard dose response in statistical analysis. Keywords: L-arginine, Chronic Renal Failure, Renal Function. Objetivo: Investigar possíveis melhorias na função renal de ratos submetidos à insuficiência renal crônica e tratados com L-arginina. Metodologia: Foram utilizados 28 ratos divididos em 4 grupos: L1 - Controle (N=7): tratamento com água destilada; L2 - Uremia Moderada (N=7): suplementação com L-arginina (100mg/ kg), com nefrectomia unilateral + nefrectomia ¾ do rim contra lateral; L3 - Uremia Moderada (N=6): suplementação com L-arginina (200mg/kg) com nefrectomia unilateral + nefrectomia ¾ do rim contra lateral; L4 - Uremia Moderada (N=8): suplementação com L-arginina (500mg/kg) com nefrectomia unilateral + nefrectomia ¾ do rim contra lateral. Resultados: A administração contínua de L-arginina não produziu alterações significativas nas dosagens de creatinina, ureia e proteína total. Nas dosagens de glicemia L2 e albumina L2 houve pequenas alterações. Na ingesta hídrica foram encontradas alterações pontuais nos dias 6 e 8, apenas entre os grupos L2 e controle. Analisando a ingesta alimentar, houve apenas alterações significativas (p<0,05) pontuais, nos dias 5, 7 e 9 entre L2 e L1, quando comparados ao controle, respectivamente. Em relação ao debito urinário, existiu alteração significativa (p<0,01) entres L3 e controle. Conclusão: Foi observada que a suplementação de L-arginina não possui efeitos na insuficiência renal, não produz melhorias em ureia, creatinina, proteínas totais e debito urinário. Porém, produz alterações em glicemia e albumina, não encontrando um padrão dose resposta nas análises estatísticas. Palavras-chave: L-arginina, Insuficiência Renal Crônica, Função Renal.

scholarly journals Altered norepinephrine turnover in the brain of rats with chronic renal failure.

1994 ◽  
Vol 4 (11) ◽  
pp. 1901-1907
Author(s):  
R Bigazzi ◽  
E Kogosov ◽  
V M Campese
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Locus Coeruleus ◽  
Turnover Rate ◽  
Nucleus Tractus Solitarius ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Sprague Dawley Rats ◽  
Norepinephrine Turnover ◽  
Hypothalamic Nuclei ◽  
And Control

Disturbances of the sympathetic nervous system have been described in chronic renal failure, but their role in the genesis and maintenance of hypertension frequently associated with this condition has not been established. The neuroadrenergic activity in brain nuclei involved in the regulation of blood pressure in uremic animals has also not been previously evaluated. In these studies, the neuroadrenergic activity was measured in the anterior, lateral, and posterior hypothalamic nuclei, in the locus coeruleus, and in the nucleus tractus solitarius of Sprague Dawley rats 5/6 nephrectomized or sham operated 4 wk before the experiments. Neuroadrenergic activity was determined by calculating norepinephrine (NE) turnover rate (in picograms per milligram per hour), 3, 6 and 12 h after inhibition of NE synthesis with L-methyltyrosine. The endogenous NE concentration was significantly greater in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei (21,501 +/- 1,777 pg/mg wet wt) and in the locus coeruleus (16,152 +/- 1,114 pg/mg wet tissue) of uremic compared with control rats (12,213 +/- 1,404 and 7,991 +/- 622 pg/mg wet wt, respectively). On the other hand, the endogenous NE content of the nucleus tractus solitarius and the anterior hypothalamic nuclei did not differ between uremic and control rats. The turnover rate of NE in the posterior hypothalamic nuclei of uremic rats (2150 +/- 430 pg/mg per hour) was significantly faster (P < 0.05) than in control rats (977 +/- 244 pg/mg per hour). The turnover rate of NE in the locus coeruleus of uremic rats (2,584 +/- 323 pg/mg per hour) was also significantly faster than in control animals (400 +/- 140 pg/mg per hour; P < 0.01).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

scholarly journals Based on HIF-1α/Wnt/β-Catenin Pathway to Explore the Effect of Qingshen Granules on Chronic Renal Failure Patients: A Randomized Controlled Trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yiping Wang ◽  
Lei Zhang ◽  
Hua Jin ◽  
Dong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Treatment Group ◽  
Signaling Pathway ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Control Group ◽  
And Control ◽  
E Cadherin

Objectives. This study investigates the effect of Qingshen Granules (QSG) on chronic renal failure patients and the HIF-1α/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. Methods. Subjects were randomly divided into treatment and control groups, with 42 patients in each group. Participants in the treatment group received 10 g oral doses of QSG 3 times a day, for 12 weeks, whereas subjects in the control group were given a placebo. The effective rates of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) symptom, serum creatinine (Scr), and estimate glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) as well as the serum levels of HIF-1α, Wnt1, β-catenin, α-SMA, and E-cadherin were evaluated. Results. Eighty patients completed the treatment program and two dropped out. After 12 weeks, the effective rates of TCM symptom and eGFR were found to be higher in the treatment group than in the control group, with statistically significant differences (P = 0.024 and 0.019, respectively). Meanwhile, lower levels of HIF-1α, Wnt1, β-catenin, α-SMA, and E-cadherin were detected in the treatment group, and the differences were statistically significant (P ≤ 0.001, P = 0.001, P ≤ 0.001, P ≤ 0.001, and P = 0.039). No adverse events occurred during the study. Conclusions. QSG can alleviate the clinical symptoms of chronic renal failure (CRF) and protect renal function in patients by influencing the HIF-1α/Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway. The treatment exhibits no adverse effects and is thus safe to be used by humans.

Impaired Nutritive Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow in Patients with Chronic Renal Failure

1990 ◽  
Vol 79 (3) ◽  
pp. 239-245 ◽  
Author(s):  
John R. Bradley ◽  
Janice R. Anderson ◽  
David B. Evans ◽  
Alan J. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Blood Flow ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Blood Flow ◽  
Control Subjects ◽  
Calf Blood Flow ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Control

1. The possibility that abnormalities of skeletal muscle may limit the exercise tolerance of patients with chronic renal failure was investigated in patients undergoing regular haemodialysis. 2. Blood flow to the calf, a vascular bed consisting predominantly of skeletal muscle, was measured in six patients before and after exercise and compared with values obtained from 12 control subjects. 3. The patients were limited on exertion and had an abnormal response of calf blood flow to bicycle exercise. Resting calf blood flow was similar in patients and control subjects, but the mean increase in calf blood flow in response to submaximal exercise was 0.55 (sem 0.12) ml min−-1 100 ml−-1 in the patients and 1.43 (sem 0.17) ml min−-1 100 ml−-1 in the control subjects. The increase after symptom-limited maximal exercise was 1.50 (sem 0.80) ml min−-1 100 ml−-1 in the patients and 4.20 (sem 0.40) ml min−-1 100 ml−-1 in the control subjects. 4. Skeletal muscle biopsies from eight haemodialysis patients were studied by histochemistry and electron microscopy. 5. Oxidative enzyme activity was increased and there were large subsarcolemmal aggregates of structurally normal mitochondria. Necrotic capillaries were observed as empty basement membrane tubes containing fragments of degenerating endothelium. 6. The changes were compatible with a response to a chronic reduction in skeletal muscle blood flow.

Metabolic and Skeletal Effects of Low and High Doses of Calcium Acetate in Patients with Preterminal Chronic Renal Failure

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (5-6) ◽  
pp. 445-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kenneth R. Phelps ◽  
Marc Stern ◽  
Alice Slingerland ◽  
Mahin Heravi ◽  
David S. Strogatz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Failure ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Calcium Acetate ◽  
Skeletal Effects ◽  
High Doses

scholarly journals Downregulation of Hepatic Cytochrome P450 in Chronic Renal Failure

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 326-332 ◽  
Author(s):  
FRANCOIS LEBLOND ◽  
CARL GUÉVIN ◽  
CHRISTIAN DEMERS ◽  
ISABELLE PELLERIN ◽  
MARIELLE GASCON-BARRÉ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Renal Failure ◽  
Cytochrome P450 ◽  
Chronic Renal Failure ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Liver Microsomes ◽  
Liver Cytochrome ◽  
Cytochrome P450 Activity ◽  
And Control

Abstract. Chronic renal failure (CRF) is associated with a decrease in drug metabolism. The mechanism remains poorly understood. The present study investigated the repercussions of CRF on liver cytochrome P450 (CYP450). Three groups of rats were defined: control, control paired-fed, and CRF. Total CYP450 activity, protein expression of several CYP450 isoforms as well as their mRNA, and the in vitro N-demethylation of erythromycin were assessed in liver microsomes. The regulation of liver CYP450 by dexamethasone and phenobarbital was assessed in CRF rats. Compared with control and control paired-fed rats, creatinine clearance was reduced by 60% (P < 0.01) in CRF rats. Weight was reduced by 30% (P < 0.01) in control paired-fed and CRF rats, compared with control animals. There was no difference in the CYP450 parameters between control and control paired-fed. Compared with control paired-fed rats, total CYP450 was reduced by 47% (P < 0.001) in CRF rats. Protein expression of CYP2C11, CYP3A1, and CYP3A2 were considerably reduced (>40%, P < 0.001) in rats with CRF. The levels of CYP1A2, CYP2C6, CYP2D, and CYP2E1 were the same in the three groups. Northern blot analysis revealed a marked downregulation in gene expression of CYP2C11, 3A1, and 3A2 in CRF rats. Although liver CYP450 was reduced in CRF, its induction by dexamethasone and phenobarbital was present. N-demethylation of erythromycin was decreased by 50% in CRF rats compared with control (P < 0.001). In conclusion, CRF in rats is associated with a decrease in liver cytochrome P450 activity (mainly in CYP2C11, CYP3A1, and 3A2), secondary to reduced gene expression.

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