A Longitudinal Study of the Protein Content of Human Milk from Well-Nourished Swedish Mothers

1977 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 106-109 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Lönnerdal ◽  
E. Forsum ◽  
L. Hambraeus
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content

Interleukin-10 and -12 in human milk at 3 stages of lactation: A longitudinal study

2007 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 603-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Levent Yilmaz ◽  
Esra Selver Saygili-Yilmaz ◽  
Ramazan Gunesacar
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Interleukin 10

scholarly journals Amino Acid Composition and Protein Content of Mature Human Milk from Nine Countries

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Feng ◽  
Ming Gao ◽  
Timothy Holley ◽  
TianHui Zhou ◽  
Anita Burgher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Acid Composition

scholarly journals Variation in the Protein Composition of Human Milk during Extended Lactation: A Narrative Review

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sergio Verd ◽  
Gemma Ginovart ◽  
Javier Calvo ◽  
Jaume Ponce-Taylor ◽  
Antoni Gaya
Keyword(s):  
Breast Milk ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Mammalian Species ◽  
Protein Composition ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
First Year ◽  
Second Year ◽  
First Year Of Life

The aim of this review is to evaluate changes in protein parameters in the second year postpartum. There is considerable agreement among authors about the declining trend of human milk protein concentrations, but most research on protein content in breast milk focuses on the first year of life and comes from developed countries. Whereas this is the case for exclusive breastfeeding or for breastfeeding into the first year of life, the opposite applies to weaning or extended breastfeeding. This review is predominantly based on observational epidemiological evidence and on comparative research linking breast milk composition with cutting down on breastfeeding. Studies dating back several decades have shown an increase in the proportion of immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, and serum albumin during weaning. According to the limited data available, it seems likely that the regulation of milk protein composition during involution can be ascribed to alterations in tight junctions. In studies on humans and other mammalian species, offspring suckle more from mothers that produce more dilute milk and the increase in milk protein concentration is positively correlated to a decrease in suckling frequency during weaning. High milk protein contents were first reported in nonindustrial communities where breastfeeding is sustained the longest, but recent papers from urbanized communities have taken credit for rediscovering the increase in protein content of human milk that becomes evident with prolonged breastfeeding. This review presents an overview of the changes in breast milk protein parameters in the second year postpartum to enable milk banks’ practitioners to make informed nutritional decisions on preterm infants.

Protein Content and Fortification of Human Milk Influence Gastroesophageal Reflux in Preterm Infants

2009 ◽  
Vol 49 (5) ◽  
pp. 613-618 ◽  
Author(s):  
Arianna Aceti ◽  
Luigi Corvaglia ◽  
Vittoria Paoletti ◽  
Elisa Mariani ◽  
Gina Ancora ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gastroesophageal Reflux ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Preterm Infants

scholarly journals Macronutrient and calorie content in preterm and term human milk at first three week after delivery

2019 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 130-8
Author(s):  
Dessy Shinta Murty ◽  
Hasriza Eka Putra ◽  
Sri Mulatsih ◽  
Neti Nurani ◽  
Tunjung Wibowo
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Full Term ◽  
Caloric Content ◽  
Mature Milk ◽  
The Third ◽  
Macronutrient Content ◽  
Calorie Content ◽  
Preterm Group ◽  
A Prospective Study

Background The macronutrients in human milk change dynamically and vary among mothers. Evaluation of macronutrient content in human milk is needed to improve nutritional management in preterm infants. Objective To measure the macronutrient content in preterm and full term human milk during three lactation periods in the first three weeks after delivery. Methods We conducted a prospective study among 80 mothers of infants who were hospitalized in the Department of Perinatology/NICU at Sardjito Hospital, Yogyakarta. Carbohydrate, fat, protein, and caloric content were measured using a MIRIS human milk analyzer, once per week for three consecutive weeks after delivery. A single, daytime human milk specimen was collected in the morning by directly expressing from the breast. Results Median protein, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric contents of mature milk in the preterm group were 1.40 (IQR 0.38), 3.25 (IQR 1.00), 5.70 (IQR 0.80) g/dL, and 60 kcal/dL, respectively. Median protein, fat, carbohydrate, and caloric contents of mature milk in the full term group were 1.40 (IQR 0.35), 3.30 (IQR 0.77), 5.80 (IQR 0.75) g/dL, and 62 kcal/dL, respectively, at the third week after delivery. In both groups, protein content in the first week was significantly higher than in the third week (P<0.001) after delivery. In contrast, fat content in the first week was significantly lower than in the third week (P< 0.05) after delivery, in both groups. Conclusions There are no significant differences in macronutrient and caloric content between preterm and full term human milk during the first three weeks after delivery. However, there are significant changes in fat and protein content in both preterm and full term human milk during early lactation, between the first and third weeks.

A longitudinal study of salivary sialic acid in preterm infants: Comparison of human milk–fed versus formula-fed infants

2001 ◽  
Vol 138 (6) ◽  
pp. 914-916 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bing Wang ◽  
Jennie Brand Miller ◽  
Yun Sun ◽  
Zia Ahmad ◽  
Patricia McVeagh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sialic Acid ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Preterm Infants

Copper, Iron, and Zinc Contents in Human Milk During the First Three Months of Lactation: A Longitudinal Study

2001 ◽  
Vol 80 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosaura Farré ◽  
Cecilia Martìnez-Costa ◽  
Dolores Silvestre ◽  
M. Jesus Lagarda ◽  
Juan Brines ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Iron And Zinc

scholarly journals Diversity of Milks Other Than Cow, Sheep, Goat and Buffalo: In Terms of Nutrition and Technological Use

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 2047
Author(s):  
Marlon Numpaque ◽  
Tuba Şanlı ◽  
Elif Ayse Anli
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Supplementation ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Lower Amount ◽  
Cow’S Milk ◽  
Casein Micelle ◽  
High Protein Content ◽  
Cow's Milk ◽  
The World

The first introduction of human being with milk begins with human milk during infancy, continues with very commonly with cow’s milk and may be with other milk types during lifetime. Cow breeding and utilizing its milk in nutrition is widespread in the world. There are particular species common to their area such as donkey, camel, mare, yak and llama have an important share in milk production in the world. Donkey milk has higher serum protein and lower casein content being similar to human milk so regarded as a good and safer alternative for infants suffering from cow’s milk protein allergy. Mare milk is used as a therapeutic agent for the treatment of some metabolic and allergic illnesses. It is generally consumed as fermented product. Llama milk contains higher amounts of calcium and phosphorus than cow's milk. Camel milk has high vitamin and mineral content and has claimed to have medicinal proteins. Its casein micelle size is larger naturally and it has lower amount of κ-casein these cause difficulties in cheese making and affect curd quality. Reindeer milk is an energy dense food with its high fat and high protein content when compared to cow’s milk. Its high protein content could make it suitable for protein supplementation. Its low lactose content makes its consumption possible by lactose intolerance patients. Yak is richer in almost all main nutritional components when compared with cow’s milk. It can be used in cheese, butter making and dried milk products. The objective of this review was to represent the composition of different animal species’ milks; other than cow, buffalo, sheep and goat, their importance in nutrition and technological use.

scholarly journals A 3‐year longitudinal study of zinc status in infants fed human milk (HM), casein‐based (CBF), or soy‐based formula (SBF) in Korea

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (S1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Taisun H Hyun ◽  
Young‐Hee Han ◽  
Miyong Yon ◽  
Heon‐Seok Han ◽  
Yoon‐Bok Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Zinc Status

Human Milk—Protein—Prematurity

PEDIATRICS ◽  
1963 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 342-342
Author(s):  
WALTER B. OMANS ◽  
LEWIS A. BARNESS ◽  
CATHERINE S. ROSE ◽  
PAUL GYÖRGY
Keyword(s):  
Human Milk ◽  
Protein Content ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Recent Article ◽  
Milk Protein ◽  
Weight Curve ◽  
Isocaloric Diets ◽  
Human Milk Protein

Sometimes, in order to make an article brief, authors quote others, but the interpretations of the new authors may not reflect the context of the original observers. This has occurred in the quotation of several of our papers in a recent article by Pincus et al. First we are quoted as agreeing "that small infants where fed isocaloric diets gain weight more rapidly on a diet having a higher protein content" (author references 12 and 16). In reference 12,2 we state that infants fed 3.0 to 8.0 gm of protein per kilogram gained equally well. Only when the protein intake was below 2.0 gm/kg did the weight curve not rise as well. Indeed, in this paper, we noted a few babies taking more than 8 gm/kg protein who gained very poorly.

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