Acidosis and Glucocorticoids Interact to Provoke Muscle Protein and Amino Acid Catabolism

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 147-152 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian K. England ◽  
Russ Price
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Amino Acid Catabolism

Increased excretion of urea and N tau -methylhistidine by rats and humans after a bout of exercise

1982 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-33 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. L. Dohm ◽  
R. T. Williams ◽  
G. J. Kasperek ◽  
A. M. van Rij
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Protein Degradation ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Exercise Bout ◽  
Essential Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Lifting ◽  
Strenuous Exercise ◽  
Amino Acid Catabolism ◽  
Before And After

This study was undertaken to investigate whether an exercise bout increases muscle protein degradation and amino acid catabolism. The excretion of urea and N tau -methylhistidine before and after an exercise bout was determined for both rats and human subjects. The rats ran on a treadmill until they could no longer run. Two groups of human subjects completed strenuous exercise bouts: one group (runners) ran 10–12 miles while the other group (weight lifters) performed a standard power lift routine that lasted approximately 1 h. In rats, urea excretion was elevated for the first 12 h after the exercise bout whereas N tau -methylhistidine excretion was elevated for 48 h following exercise. The increased N tau -methylhistidine excretion after exercise supports previous reports of increased protein degradation in the perfused hindquarter and increased levels of essential amino acids in muscle, liver, and plasma of exercised rats. In human subjects, both running and weight lifting resulted in increased excretion of urea and N tau -methylhistidine. The results of the present study support the hypothesis that muscle protein breakdown and amino acid catabolism are increased by exercise.

scholarly journals Muscle Protein Hydrolysates and Amino Acid Composition in Fish

Marine Drugs ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 19 (7) ◽  
pp. 377
Author(s):  
Bomi Ryu ◽  
Kyung-Hoon Shin ◽  
Se-Kwon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Composition ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Fish Muscle ◽  
Amino Acid Profile ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Protein Hydrolysates ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis

Fish muscle, which accounts for 15%–25% of the total protein in fish, is a desirable protein source. Their hydrolysate is in high demand nutritionally as a functional food and thus has high potential added value. The hydrolysate contains physiologically active amino acids and various essential nutrients, the contents of which depend on the source of protein, protease, hydrolysis method, hydrolysis conditions, and degree of hydrolysis. Therefore, it can be utilized for various industrial applications including use in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals to help improve the health of humans. This review discusses muscle protein hydrolysates generated from the muscles of various fish species, as well as their amino acid composition, and highlights their functional properties and bioactivity. In addition, the role of the amino acid profile in regulating the biological and physiological activities, nutrition, and bitter taste of hydrolysates is discussed.

scholarly journals AMINO ACID CATABOLISM

1938 ◽  
Vol 122 (2) ◽  
pp. 491-496 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fred H. Snyder ◽  
Ralph C. Corley
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Catabolism

scholarly journals Comprehensive assessment of post-prandial protein handling by the application of intrinsically labelled protein in vivo in human subjects

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Jorn Trommelen ◽  
Andrew M. Holwerda ◽  
Philippe J. M. Pinckaers ◽  
Luc J. C. van Loon
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Metabolism ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Body Protein

All human tissues are in a constant state of remodelling, regulated by the balance between tissue protein synthesis and breakdown rates. It has been well-established that protein ingestion stimulates skeletal muscle and whole-body protein synthesis. Stable isotope-labelled amino acid methodologies are commonly applied to assess the various aspects of protein metabolism in vivo in human subjects. However, to achieve a more comprehensive assessment of post-prandial protein handling in vivo in human subjects, intravenous stable isotope-labelled amino acid infusions can be combined with the ingestion of intrinsically labelled protein and the collection of blood and muscle tissue samples. The combined application of ingesting intrinsically labelled protein with continuous intravenous stable isotope-labelled amino acid infusion allows the simultaneous assessment of protein digestion and amino acid absorption kinetics (e.g. release of dietary protein-derived amino acids into the circulation), whole-body protein metabolism (whole-body protein synthesis, breakdown and oxidation rates and net protein balance) and skeletal muscle metabolism (muscle protein fractional synthesis rates and dietary protein-derived amino acid incorporation into muscle protein). The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of the various aspects of post-prandial protein handling and metabolism with a focus on insights obtained from studies that have applied intrinsically labelled protein under a variety of conditions in different populations.

Nitrogen regulation of amino acid catabolism in Neurospora crassa

1978 ◽  
Vol 16 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 343-354 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas J. Facklam ◽  
George A. Marzluf
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acid ◽  
Neurospora Crassa ◽  
Nitrogen Regulation ◽  
Amino Acid Catabolism

204 Awardee Talk: Recent Advances in Protein Nutrition in Horses

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 109-109
Author(s):  
Kristine Urschel
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Muscle Mass ◽  
Muscle Protein ◽  
Muscle Protein Synthesis ◽  
Protein Digestibility ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Amino Acid Supplementation ◽  
Protein Nutrition ◽  
Active Research

Abstract Protein has been recognized as an essential nutrient for animals for well over 100 years. Protein plays many important structural and metabolic roles, and some of its component amino acids have additional functions, including as regulatory molecules, as energy substrates and in the synthesis of other non-protein molecules. Skeletal muscle makes up approximately 50% of body weight in horses, with protein being the major non-water component. As an athletic species, the development and maintenance of muscle mass is of the utmost importance in horses. Because muscle mass is largely determined by the balance of rates of muscle protein synthesis and breakdown, understanding how these pathways are regulated and influenced by dietary protein and amino acid provision is essential. Historically, much research regarding protein nutrition in horses has focused on the protein digestibility of different feed ingredients, and the adequacy of different protein sources in supporting the growth and maintenance of horses. This presentation will focus on some of the current areas of active research relating to protein nutrition in horses: the activation of the signaling pathways that regulate muscle protein synthesis, amino acid supplementation in athletic horses, protein metabolism in aged and horses and those with insulin dysregulation, and amino acid and protein nutrition in predominantly forage-fed horses. There are many exciting opportunities for future research in the area of protein and amino acid nutrition in horses across the lifespan.

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