Cell Metabolism of the Overloaded Mammalian Heart in Situ

Cardiology ◽  
1959 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
L. Szekeres ◽  
M. Schein
Keyword(s):  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Mammalian Heart

DNA nanolantern-based split aptamer probes for in-situ ATP imaging in living cells and lighting up mitochondria

The Analyst ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yaxin Wang ◽  
Dong-Xia Wang ◽  
Jia-Yi Ma ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Yichen Du ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adenosine Triphosphate ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Living Cells ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Specific Analysis

Accurate and specific analysis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) expression level in living cells can provide valuable information for understanding cell metabolism, physiological activities and pathologic mechanism. Herein, DNA nanolantern-based split...

NMR methods for in-situ biofilm metabolism studies: spatial and temporal resolved measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 7-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Majors ◽  
J.S. McLean ◽  
J.K. Fredrickson ◽  
R.A. Wind
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Resonance ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Shewanella Oneidensis ◽  
Growth Conditions ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Adherent Cell ◽  
Growth Environment ◽  
Environment Control

We are developing novel nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) microscopy, spectroscopy and combined NMR/optical techniques for the study of biofilms under known, controlled growth conditions. Objectives include: time and depth-resolved metabolite concentrations with isotropic spatial resolution on the order of 10 microns, metabolic pathways and flux rates, mass transport and ultimately their correlation with gene expression by optical microscopy in biofilms. We describe the implementation of ex-situ grown biofilms to improve growth environment control and NMR analysis. In-situ NMR depth resolved metabolite profiling techniques are introduced and demonstrated for a Shewanella oneidensis strain MR-1 biofilm. Finally, initial combined confocal fluorescence and magnetic resonance images are shown for a GFP-labeled Shewanella biofilm. These methods are equally applicable to other biofilm systems of interest; thus they may provide a significant contribution toward the understanding of adherent cell metabolism.

scholarly journals Off-Stoichiometric Reactions at the Cell–Substrate Biomolecular Interface of Biomaterials: In Situ and Ex Situ Monitoring of Cell Proliferation, Differentiation, and Bone Tissue Formation

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (17) ◽  
pp. 4080 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giuseppe Pezzotti ◽  
Tetsuya Adachi ◽  
Francesco Boschetto ◽  
Wenliang Zhu ◽  
Matteo Zanocco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Formation ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Mesenchymal Cell ◽  
Ex Situ ◽  
Spectroscopic Techniques ◽  
Material Interface ◽  
Chemical Equations ◽  
Biomedical Titanium Alloy

The availability of osteoinductive biomaterials has encouraged new therapies in bone regeneration and has potentially triggered paradigmatic shifts in the development of new implants in orthopedics and dentistry. Among several available synthetic biomaterials, bioceramics have gained attention for their ability to induce mesenchymal cell differentiation and successive bone formation when implanted in the human body. However, there is currently a lack of understanding regarding the fundamental biochemical mechanisms by which these materials can induce bone formation. Phenomenological studies of retrievals have clarified the final effect of bone formation, but have left the chemical interactions at the cell–material interface uncharted. Accordingly, the knowledge of the intrinsic material properties relevant for osteoblastogenesis and osteoinduction remains incomplete. Here, we systematically monitored in vitro the chemistry of mesenchymal cell metabolism and the ionic exchanges during osteoblastogenesis on selected substrates through conventional biological assays as well as via in situ and ex situ spectroscopic techniques. Accordingly, the chemical behavior of different bioceramic substrates during their interactions with mesenchymal cells could be unfolded and compared with that of biomedical titanium alloy. Our goal was to clarify the cascade of chemical equations behind the biological processes that govern osteoblastogenic effects on different biomaterial substrates.

scholarly journals Ovarian preantral follicles are responsive to FSH as early as the primary stage of development

2020 ◽  
Vol 247 (2) ◽  
pp. 153-168
Author(s):  
Juliana I Candelaria ◽  
Maria B Rabaglino ◽  
Anna C Denicol
Keyword(s):  
Western Blot ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Ovarian Tissue ◽  
Mapk Signaling ◽  
Primary Stage ◽  
Preantral Follicles ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Upregulated Genes ◽  
Hematoxylin Eosin

Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) is required for ovarian antral folliculogenesis and steroidogenesis, and there is increasing evidence that it may play critical roles in preantral follicle development. We hypothesized that preantral follicles begin responding to FSH as early as the primary stage of development. Our objectives were to establish whether the FSH receptor (FSHR) was expressed in bovine preantral follicles and to determine the effects of FSH in these follicles and the surrounding ovarian tissue. Preantral follicles were isolated from bovine ovaries and subjected to immunolocalization of FSHR. Ovarian cortical strips were cultured with FSH or vehicle for 2 or 4 days and subjected to RNA sequencing, hematoxylin/eosin staining and immunostaining for p42/44 MAPK. Finally, cortical strips were cultured for 4 days with FSH before Western blot analysis of total and phosphorylated p42/44 MAPK and total aromatase. We found greater FSHR labeling intensity per cell in preantral follicles at the primary stage compared to other stages (P < 0.05). FSH upregulated genes involved in energy metabolism and MAPK signaling and downregulated genes related to phagosome and allograft rejection in the ovarian cortex. Preantral follicles cultured in situ with FSH had greater expression of total p42/44 MAPK (P < 0.05), but no difference was detected in whole tissue Western blot for phosphorylated p42/44 MAPK or aromatase. We conclude that the FSHR is expressed in preantral follicles as early as the primary stage of development, and that FSH upregulates cell metabolism and activates MAPK signaling pathways in preantral follicles.

scholarly journals VI. Contributions to the physiology and pathology of the mammalian heart

1892 ◽  
Vol 183 ◽  
pp. 199-298 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Mode Of Action ◽  
Nerve Impulses ◽  
Mammalian Heart ◽  
Degree Of Exactness ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Difficult Subject

The observations upon which the following communication is based were made upon the Mammalian heart under conditions as nearly approaching the normal as we were able to make compatible with the employment of accurate recording methods. Our object throughout has been to study the mechanism of the Mammalian heart in situ by methods of research which would give to the subject a degree of exactness as closely as possible approximating to that of the work of Kronecker, Coats, Gaskell, Heidenhain, &c., on the excised hearts of cold-blooded animals, and of N. Martin and his school on the excised Mammalian heart. It need hardly be said that the mode of action of the heart of warm-blooded Mammals is a much more difficult subject of study than that of the heart of a Frog or Tortoise. The hearts of these latter animals are simpler in structure, to begin with, than those of a Rabbit, Cat, or Dog, and if the subject be further simplified by excising the organ and keeping thereby under control the nerve impulses which reach it, as well as the pressure and composition of the blood which enters and leaves its cavities (supposing the heart to be supplied with blood at all), some of the difficulties are greatly reduced. In the excised surviving heart of cold-blooded animals we have a piece of machinery whose action and attributes can be studied with a degree of accuracy and ease which corresponds with its comparative simplicity.

Direct Measurement of Conduction Velocity in In situ Specialized Conducting System of Mammalian Heart.

1959 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-57 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. F. Hoffman ◽  
P. F. Cranefield ◽  
J. H. Stuckey ◽  
N. S. Amer ◽  
R. Cappelletti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Conduction Velocity ◽  
Direct Measurement ◽  
Conducting System ◽  
Mammalian Heart

Metabolic co-dependence of the oocyte and cumulus cells: essential role in determining oocyte developmental competence

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-47
Author(s):  
Dulama Richani ◽  
Kylie R Dunning ◽  
Jeremy G Thompson ◽  
Robert B Gilchrist
Keyword(s):  
Oocyte Maturation ◽  
Cell Metabolism ◽  
Cumulus Cell ◽  
Cumulus Cells ◽  
Oocyte Quality ◽  
Developmental Competence ◽  
Atp Production ◽  
Oocyte Developmental Competence ◽  
Metabolic Conditions

Abstract BACKGROUND Within the antral follicle, the oocyte is reliant on metabolic support from its surrounding somatic cells. Metabolism plays a critical role in oocyte developmental competence (oocyte quality). In the last decade, there has been significant progress in understanding the metabolism of the cumulus–oocyte complex (COC) during its final stages of growth and maturation in the follicle. Certain metabolic conditions (e.g. obesity) or ART (e.g. IVM) perturb COC metabolism, providing insights into metabolic regulation of oocyte quality. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE This review provides an update on the progress made in our understanding of COC metabolism, and the metabolic conditions that influence both meiotic and developmental competence of the oocyte. SEARCH METHODS The PubMed database was used to search for peer-reviewed original and review articles. Searches were performed adopting the main terms ‘oocyte metabolism’, ‘cumulus cell metabolism’, ‘oocyte maturation’, ‘oocyte mitochondria’, ‘oocyte metabolism’, ‘oocyte developmental competence’ and ‘oocyte IVM’. OUTCOMES Metabolism is a major determinant of oocyte quality. Glucose is an essential requirement for both meiotic and cytoplasmic maturation of the COC. Glucose is the driver of cumulus cell metabolism and is essential for energy production, extracellular matrix formation and supply of pyruvate to the oocyte for ATP production. Mitochondria are the primary source of ATP production within the oocyte. Recent advances in real-time live cell imaging reveal dynamic fluctuations in ATP demand throughout oocyte maturation. Cumulus cells have been shown to play a central role in maintaining adequate oocyte ATP levels by providing metabolic support through gap junctional communication. New insights have highlighted the importance of oocyte lipid metabolism for oocyte oxidative phosphorylation for ATP production, meiotic progression and developmental competence. Within the last decade, several new strategies for improving the developmental competence of oocytes undergoing IVM have emerged, including modulation of cyclic nucleotides, the addition of precursors for the antioxidant glutathione or endogenous maturation mediators such as epidermal growth factor-like peptides and growth differentiation factor 9/bone morphogenetic protein 15. These IVM additives positively alter COC metabolic endpoints commonly associated with oocyte competence. There remain significant challenges in the study of COC metabolism. Owing to the paucity in non-invasive or in situ techniques to assess metabolism, most work to date has used in vitro or ex vivo models. Additionally, the difficulty of measuring oocyte and cumulus cell metabolism separately while still in a complex has led to the frequent use of denuded oocytes, the results from which should be interpreted with caution since the oocyte and cumulus cell compartments are metabolically interdependent, and oocytes do not naturally exist in a naked state until after fertilization. There are emerging tools, including live fluorescence imaging and photonics probes, which may provide ways to measure the dynamic nature of metabolism in a single oocyte, potentially while in situ. WIDER IMPLICATIONS There is an association between oocyte metabolism and oocyte developmental competence. Advancing our understanding of basic cellular and biochemical mechanisms regulating oocyte metabolism may identify new avenues to augment oocyte quality and assess developmental potential in assisted reproduction.

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