Esterification of Cholesterol Related to Hepatic State in Rats with Hypercholesterolemia: Effects of Saturated Fat (Butter) Versus Unsaturated Fat (Corn Oil)

Pathobiology ◽  
1961 ◽  
Vol 24 (6) ◽  
pp. 1080-1090
Author(s):  
M. Suzuki ◽  
R.M. O’Neal ◽  
W.S. Hartroft
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Unsaturated Fat

SOME EFFECTS OF METHANE INHIBITION IN RUMINANTS (STEERS)

1972 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 703-712 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. D. JOHNSON ◽  
A. S. WOOD ◽  
J. B. STONE ◽  
E. T. MORAN JR.
Keyword(s):  
Corn Oil ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Latin Square ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrate ◽  
Once Daily ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Post Feeding ◽  
Beet Pulp ◽  
Daily Gain

Four steers were used in a 4 × 4 latin square experiment to assess comparative antimethanogenic effects of including bromochloromethane (BCM) (5.5 g once daily), unsaturated fat (corn oil), and saturated fat (tallow) at 5% in experimental diets. Basic dietary ingredients were citrus pulp and beet pulp plus hay. Average daily gain (ADG) and ruminal parameters including soluble carbohydrate and total volatile fatty acid (TVFA) concentrations, VFA’s percentages, and pH were measured. Only BCM proved significantly (P < 0.05) antimethanogenic. Maximal inhibition occurred 0–6 hr post-feeding, by 15 hr inhibition was reduced by 50% and absent at 24 hr. Ruminal TVFA, pH, and average daily gain were not significantly affected (P > 0.05) by CH4 inhibition, although average daily gain showed the following trend: BCM > saturated fat > unsaturated fat > control. Inhibition caused lower (P < 0.05) ruminal acetate, and higher (P < 0.05) propionate over 24 hr post-feeding, higher (P < 0.05) butyrate from 3–15 hr post-feeding, and consistent measurable quantities of valerate and isovalerate. Soluble CHO concentration was maximal 0–6 hr post-feeding.

Development of an animal model of chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis in the rat

2001 ◽  
Vol 280 (6) ◽  
pp. G1178-G1186 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroshi Kono ◽  
Mikio Nakagami ◽  
Ivan Rusyn ◽  
Henry D. Connor ◽  
Branko Stefanovic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Model ◽  
Dietary Fat ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Standard Dose ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Alcoholic Pancreatitis ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Chronic Alcohol ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Ethanol Feeding

This study was designed to develop an animal model of alcoholic pancreatitis and to test the hypothesis that the dose of ethanol and the type of dietary fat affect free radical formation and pancreatic pathology. Female Wistar rats were fed liquid diets rich in corn oil (unsaturated fat), with or without a standard or high dose of ethanol, and medium-chain triglycerides (saturated fat) with a high dose of ethanol for 8 wk enterally. The dose of ethanol was increased as tolerance developed, which allowed approximately twice as much alcohol to be delivered in the high-dose group. Serum pancreatic enzymes and histology were normal after 4 wk of diets rich in unsaturated fat, with or without the standard dose of ethanol. In contrast, enzyme levels were elevated significantly by the high ethanol dose. Increases were blunted significantly by dietary saturated fat. Fibrosis and collagen α1(I) expression in the pancreas were not detectable after 4 wk of enteral ethanol feeding; however, they were enhanced significantly by the high dose after 8 wk. Furthermore, radical adducts detected by electron spin resonance were minimal with the standard dose; however, the high dose increased carbon-centered radical adducts as well as 4-hydroxynonenal, an index of lipid peroxidation, significantly. Radical adducts were also blunted by ∼70% by dietary saturated fat. The animal model presented here is the first to demonstrate chronic alcohol-induced pancreatitis in a reproducible manner. The key factors responsible for pathology are the amount of ethanol administered and the type of dietary fat.

The Effects of Dietary Fats in Rabbits on Platelet Survival, Platelet Turnover, Platelet Density, PGI2 Production and Thrombus Formation in Response to an Aortic Indwelling Cannula

1979 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.D. Winocour ◽  
H.M. Groves ◽  
E. Dejana ◽  
R.L. Kinlough-Rathbone ◽  
J.F. Mustard
Keyword(s):  
Milk Fat ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Thrombus Formation ◽  
Gradient Centrifugation ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fats ◽  
The Other ◽  
Experimental Thrombosis ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Platelet Survival

Diets enriched with saturated fat and/or cholesterol enhance experimental thrombosis and shorten platelet survival. We compared the effect of saturated and unsaturated fat on platelet survival, platelet turnover, platelet density, PGI2 formation and experimental thrombosis. Forty-eight rabbits were given stock laboratory chow (ST) or semi-synthetic diets rich in milk fat (MF), safflower oil (SO) or corn oil (CO) for 33 wks. Detached endothelium from the SO group produced significantly less PGI2 (bioassay) than endothelium from the other groups (SO 2.05, CO 6.72, MF 5.07 ST 7.27 ng/100 mm2). Mean platelet turnover in the MF group (7,800/mm3/hr) was similar to that in the ST group (7,100/mm3/hr) but was significantly greater than in the SO (4,600/mm3/hr) and CO (4,800/mm3/hr) groups (p < 0.01) . Short aortic cannulae had no demonstrable effect on platelet survival or thrombus formation at one wk in any of the groups (thrombus weight SO 26.6 ± 8.8, CO 44.4 ± 13.1, MF 39.8 ± 20.9 mg) but platelet turnover was increased in the SO (7,100/mm3/hr) and CO (5,100/mm3/hr) groups. The diets did not change platelet density (stractandensity gradient centrifugation). The data from these experiments show that MF diets increased platelet turnover and SO diets decreased endothelial PGI2 formation. None of these changes was associated with enhanced thrombosis.

Effect of saturated fat diets on rat liver NADP-linked enzymes

1965 ◽  
Vol 209 (4) ◽  
pp. 773-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
Helen M. Tepperman ◽  
Jay Tepperman
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Enzyme Activity ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Coconut Oil ◽  
Liver Slices ◽  
Fat Diets ◽  
Effect Of Feeding

The aggregate hexosemonophosphate dehydrogenase (HMPD) activity was found to be higher in livers of rats fed a diet containing saturated fat (hydrogenated coconut oil = H) for 7 days and fasted for 48 hr than it was in similarly prepared animals fed a corn oil (CO) diet. Later, a liver HMPD-increasing effect of feeding H was found in nonfasted animals. Lipogenesis (i.e., the incorporation of acetate-1-C14 into fatty acids by liver slices) was shown to be as low or lower in the H group as in the CO. Liver slices prepared from H and CO diet adapted rats were incubated with either acetate-1-C14 or palmitate-1-C14 and the extent of incorporation of C14 into individual fatty acids was measured. With both substrates more radioactivity was found in 16:1, 18:0, and 18:1 in the case of H-fed animals. It is proposed that a component of the signal for eliciting increased NADP-linked enzyme activity in the H rats was an increased rate of oxidation of NADPH attendant on monoene formation and chain lengthening.

Digestive Response of Rainbow Trout, Salmo gairdneri, to Pellet Diets

1969 ◽  
Vol 26 (7) ◽  
pp. 1801-1812 ◽  
Author(s):  
John T. Windell ◽  
David O. Norris ◽  
James F. Kitchell ◽  
James S. Norris
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Methyl Cellulose ◽  
Salmo Gairdneri ◽  
Gastric Evacuation ◽  
Gastric Contents

Quantitative data are presented for three laboratory experiments concerning rate of gastric evacuation of pellets (fed in gelatin capsules) and pellet components. Rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri, acclimated to a constant water temperature of 15 C were killed 12 hr after consuming an experimental meal. Subtraction of amount of dry matter remaining at autopsy from dry matter consumed yielded amount of food digested or evacuated or both, from the stomach per unit time.Meals of encapsulated pellet were evacuated from the stomach more rapidly (65.8% decrease in 12 hr) than encapsulated corn oil (42.6%), gelatin (50.8%), a combination of corn oil and gelatin (47.3%), saturated fat (28.8%), or methyl cellulose (50.3%).Groups of fish consuming five capsules equal to approximately 0.65 % of their body weight evacuated 35.9, 45.1, 64.2, 95.5, and 100% at intervals after killing from 6 to 36 hr, respectively. Similar groups consuming seven capsules equal to approximately 1.0% of their body weight evacuated 23.7, 57.9, 70.5, and 86.6% at intervals after killing from 4 to 20 hr, respectively.Ten groups of trout consuming amounts of dry matter equal to 0.24, 0.40, 0.74, 1.11, 1.31, 1.19, 1.59, 1.56, 1.91, and 2.26% of their body weight evacuated 90.7, 81.3, 64.2, 57.9, 56.6, 52.5, 53.4, 51.3, 58.7, and 50.0% in 12 hr, respectively. Gastric motility remains relatively constant once food has entered the stomach. However, when larger meals are fed a greater quantity is evacuated per unit time. This could only be accomplished by changes in volume of gastric contents pumped per peristaltic stroke or number of strokes per unit time.

Abstract 186: Reduction Of High density lipoprotein Cholesterol After Successfull Dietary Intervention Is Not Accompanied By A Change In Reverse Cholesterol Transport

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rudolf Poledne
Keyword(s):  
Reverse Cholesterol Transport ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Dietary Cholesterol ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Hdl Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Concentration ◽  
Cholesterol Transport ◽  
High Cholesterol ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Low Cholesterol

Substitution of dietary saturated fat by unsaturated fat and the reduction of dietary cholesterol intake leads to a decrease of LDL cholesterol concentration accompanied usually by a decrease of HDL cholesterol. Method: 18 young male volunteers were fed for 4 weeks either a high cholesterol saturated fat diet or low cholesterol and unsaturated fat diet in crossover design. At the end of both experimental periods, the lipoprotein concentration was determined. In addition, the reverse cholesterol transport from 14 C cholesterol labeled macrophages in tissue cultures was analyzed. Reverse cholesterol transport was calculated as the percentage of radioactivity released from pre-labeled cells to incubation media with serum of each individuals. Results: Highly significant decrease of LDL cholesterol after the unsaturated fat diet was accompanied by a significant decrease of the HDL cholesterol from 1.25 mmol/l to 1.05 mmol/l. Reverse cholesterol transport did not significantly change when the data of high cholesterol saturated fat diet (9.97 ± 1.45) and low cholesterol unsaturated fat diet (9.53 ± 1.41) were compared. There was no correlation between data of the decrease of HDL cholesterol concentration and change in reverse cholesterol transport. Conclusion: We conclude that dietary treatment by hypocholesterolemic diet accompanied by a reduction of HDL cholesterol does not lead to the decrease in reverse cholesterol transport.

scholarly journals Faith in Fat: A Multisite Examination of University Students’ Perceptions of Fat in the Diet

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 2560
Author(s):  
Matthew J. Landry ◽  
Jasmine M. Olvany ◽  
Megan P. Mueller ◽  
Tiffany Chen ◽  
Dana Ikeda ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Nutrition Education ◽  
Food System ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
The United States ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Dietary Guidelines ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Fat Consumption

Despite recent relaxation of restrictions on dietary fat consumption in dietary guidelines, there remains a collective “fear of fat”. This study examined college students’ perceptions of health among foods with no fat relative to foods with different types of fats (unsaturated and saturated). Utilizing a multisite approach, this study collected data from college students at six university dining halls throughout the United States. Data were available on 533 students. Participants were 52% male and consisted largely of first-year students (43%). Across three meal types, the no-fat preparation option was chosen 73% of the time, the unsaturated fat option was selected 23% of the time, and the saturated fat option was chosen 4% of the time. Students chose the no-fat option for all meal types 44% of the time. Findings suggest that college students lack knowledge regarding the vital role played by the type and amount of fats within a healthy diet. Nutrition education and food system reforms are needed to help consumers understand that type of fat is more important than total amount of fat. Efforts across various sectors can encourage incorporating, rather than avoiding, fats within healthy dietary patterns.

scholarly journals Dietary Fat and Cardiovascular Disease: Ebb and Flow Over the Last Half Century

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. S332-S339 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice H Lichtenstein
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Systematic Reviews ◽  
American Heart ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Polyunsaturated Fat ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Media

ABSTRACT Dietary modification has been the cornerstone of cardiovascular disease (CVD) prevention since the middle of the last century when the American Heart Association (AHA) first issued recommendations. For the vast majority of that time the focus has been on saturated fat, with or without concomitant guidance for total or unsaturated fat. Over the past few years there has been a renewed debate about the relation between dietary saturated fat and CVD risk, prompted by a series of systematic reviews that have come to what appears to be different conclusions. This triggered a robust discourse about this controversy in the media that in turn has led to confusion in the general public. The genesis of the different conclusions among the systematic reviews has been identified in several studies on the basis of isocaloric substitution analyses. When the data were analyzed on the basis of polyunsaturated fat replacing saturated fat, there was a positive relation between dietary saturated fat and CVD. When the data were analyzed on the basis of carbohydrate replacing saturated fat, there was a null relation between dietary saturated fat and CVD. When the substitution macronutrient was not taken into consideration, the differential effects of the macronutrient substitution went unrecognized and the relations judged as null. The lack of distinction among substituted macronutrients accounted for much of what appeared to be discrepancies. Dietary guidance consistent with replacing foods high in saturated fat with foods high in unsaturated fat, first recommended more than 50 y ago, remains appropriate to this day.

scholarly journals The regulation of hepatic stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase in obese-hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice by food intake and the fatty acid composition of the diet

1982 ◽  
Vol 206 (3) ◽  
pp. 561-570 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Enser ◽  
J L Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acid Composition ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Linoleic Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Desaturase Activity ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Obese Mice ◽  
Commercial Diet

1. The effects of food intake and the fatty acid composition of the diet on the hepatic stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity of obese-hyperglycaemic (ob/ob) mice were investigated. 2. Obese mice fed on a commercial mouse diet, ad libitum, had 6.5-fold more activity per liver cell than had lean mice. 3. On a diet containing 14% corn oil the activity was 65% less in obese mice and 62% less in lean mice compared with animals fed on the commercial diet. 4. Feeding with 14% saturated fat in the diet doubled the activity in lean mice compared with those on the commercial diet, but had no effect on the activity in obese mice. 5. Obese mice fed on the corn-oil diet contained a higher proportion of linoleic acid in the liver lipids than did lean mice fed on the commercial diet, but the acyl-CoA desaturase activity was 125% higher than in the lean mice. 6. Limiting the food intake of obese mice by pair-feeding with lean mice decreased their acyl-CoA desaturase activity when the animals were fed on the saturated-fat diet, but the activity remained 75% higher than in lean mice, whereas in obese mice pair-fed on the corn-oil diet the activity was the same as in lean mice. 7. During starvation the acyl-CoA desaturase activity in livers from obese mice decreased more slowly and proportionately less than in livers from lean mice. 8. It is concluded that increased substrate supply as a result of hyperphagia and not low concentration of linoleic acid is the main factor causing high acyl-CoA desaturase activity in obese mice.

scholarly journals The confusion about dietary fatty acids recommendations for CHD prevention

2011 ◽  
Vol 106 (5) ◽  
pp. 627-632 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daan Kromhout ◽  
Johanna M. Geleijnse ◽  
Alessandro Menotti ◽  
David R. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Prospective Cohort ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Dietary Fatty Acids ◽  
Adequate Diet ◽  
Unsaturated Fat ◽  
Prospective Cohort Studies ◽  
Methodological Aspects

A recent meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies has not found an association between dietary saturated fat intake and CHD incidence. This funnelled the discussion about the importance of the recommendation to lower the intake of saturated fat for the prevention of CHD. At the same time a document of the European Food Safety Authority has suggested that specific quantitative recommendations are not needed for individual fatty acids but that more general statements can suffice. In this review, we discuss methodological aspects of the absence of association between SFA intake and CHD incidence in prospective cohort studies. We also summarise the results of the controlled dietary experiments on blood lipids and on CHD incidence in which saturated fat was replaced by either cis-unsaturated fat or carbohydrates. Finally, we propose a nutritionally adequate diet with an optimal fatty acid composition for the prevention of CHD in the context of dietary patterns. Such diets are characterised by a low intake of saturated fat, and as low as possible intake of trans-fat and fulfil the requirements for the intake of n-6 and n-3 fatty acids. No recommendation is needed for the intake of cis-MUFA.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document