Geographical Distribution of Swine (Hsw1N1) and Hong Kong (H3N2) Influenza Virus Variants in Pigs in Southeast Asia

Intervirology ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kennedy F. Shortridge ◽  
Robert G. Webster
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Geographical Distribution ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus

Amino acid sequence changes in the haemagglutinin of A/Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza virus during the period 1968–77

Nature ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 283 (5746) ◽  
pp. 454-457 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. G. Laver ◽  
G. M. Air ◽  
T. A. Dopheide ◽  
C. W. Ward
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Amino Acid ◽  
Amino Acid Sequence ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus

scholarly journals Effect of receptor specificity of A/Hong Kong/1/68 (H3N2) influenza virus variants on replication and transmission in pigs

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 151-159 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sjouke Van Poucke ◽  
Jennifer Uhlendorff ◽  
Zhongfang Wang ◽  
Veerle Billiau ◽  
John Nicholls ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Receptor Specificity ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus

scholarly journals Prevalence of Hong Kong (H3N2) influenza virus-antibody in swine.

1985 ◽  
Vol 47 (4) ◽  
pp. 633-638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toshihiro HIRANO ◽  
Yoshitaka OGAWA ◽  
Hitoshi GOTO ◽  
Kiheiji SHIMIZU ◽  
Shinichi NORO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Virus Antibody ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus

Pathology in dogs with experimental canine H3N2 influenza virus infection

2010 ◽  
Vol 88 (3) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Jung ◽  
C.S. Lee ◽  
B.K. Kang ◽  
B.K. Park ◽  
J.S. Oh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Influenza Virus Infection ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
Experimental Canine ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus

scholarly journals H3N2 Influenza Virus Transmission from Swine to Turkeys, United States

2004 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2156-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
Young K. Choi ◽  
Jee H. Lee ◽  
Gene Erickson ◽  
Sagar M. Goyal ◽  
Han S. Joo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Virus Transmission ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus

Evaluation of cytokine production by J774.G8 macrophages after treatment with biotherapics

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (36) ◽  
pp. 167-169
Author(s):  
Camila Siqueira ◽  
Diogo Kuczera ◽  
Eneida Da Lozzo ◽  
Dorly Buchi ◽  
José Nelson Couceiro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Viral Infection ◽  
Influenza A ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Viral Particles ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Infected Cells ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
Aseptic Conditions ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus

Introduction: Strains of macrophages, such as murine J774.G8 macrophages, are susceptible to influenza A infection [1]. One of the responses to viral infection involves the production of various types of immunostimulatory cytokines by infected cells [2]. Methods: In the present study, the macrophage strain J774.G8, maintained in RPMI medium, was submitted to treatment with 10% V/V of two different biotherapics prepared from influenza H3N2, both at 30x. Additionally, two control groups were analyzed: macrophages stimulated with water 30x and macrophages without any treatment. Biotherapics were prepared from intact H3N2 influenza virus and H3N2 inactivated by alcohol 70%. The compounding of both biotherapics followed this procedure: one part of viral particles was diluted in 9 parts of sterile distilled water. The 1:10 sample was submitted to 100 mechanical succussions using Autic® Brazilian machine, originating the first dilution, named decimal (1x). 1 ml of this solution was diluted in 9 ml of solvent and was submitted to 100 succussions, generating biotherapic 2x. This procedure was successively repeated, according to Brazilian Homeopathic Pharmacopoeia, to obtain the biotherapic 30x. By the same technique, water vehicle was prepared in the potency of 30x to be used as control. All samples were prepared under sterile and aseptic conditions, using laminar flow cabinet, class II, and were stored in the refrigerator (8ºC), to avoid microbiological contamination. J774.G8 macrophages were stimulated for 2 days, in a total of six stimuli. Immediately before infection with 25 µl of H3N2 influenza virus, the supernatants were collected and frozen at -20 ºC for later analysis. Next, 24 hours after the virus infection, the supernatants were aliquoted and frozen under the same conditions. Three independent experiments were done in triplicate. Analysis of supernatants was performed by flow cytometry using the Mouse Inflammation Kit. The cytokines detected in this experiment were IL-10, IL 12, TNF-α and MCP1. Results: In all cases, there were no significant differences compared to control groups. However, the production of TNF-α detected in macrophages treated by intact and inactivated biotherapics presented a tendency to increase after infection. In fact, similar results were previously detected in other experiments conducted only with the intact biotherapic [3]. The release of the cytokine MCP1 in all experimental situations presented a tendency to decrease after the viral infection when compared to untreated macrophages. No statistically significant difference was detected in the production of IL 12 and IL 10. These experiments will be repeated to confirm the data obtained.

Virulence of a novel reassortant canine H3N2 influenza virus in ferret, dog and mouse models

2016 ◽  
Vol 161 (7) ◽  
pp. 1915-1923 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kwang-Soo Lyoo ◽  
Woonsung Na ◽  
Minjoo Yeom ◽  
Dae-Gwin Jeong ◽  
Chang-Ung Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Influenza Virus ◽  
Mouse Models ◽  
H3n2 Influenza ◽  
H3n2 Influenza Virus
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