Ultrastructure of Bovine Embryos Frozen and Thawed by a Two-Step Freezing Method

1986 ◽  
Vol 125 (1) ◽  
pp. 27-31 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Hyttel ◽  
H. Lehn-Jensen ◽  
T. Greve
Keyword(s):  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Freezing Method

scholarly journals The effect of vitrification in open pulled straws on pregnancy rates after transfer of in vivoproduced bovine embryos

2012 ◽  
Vol 51 (No. 9) ◽  
pp. 454-460 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Lopatarova ◽  
S. Cech ◽  
L. Holy ◽  
R. Dolezel
Keyword(s):  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Conventional Method ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Pregnancy Rates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Group V ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
Conventional Freezing

The aim of this study was to compare pregnancy rates after transfer of in vivo produced embryos cryopreserved using open pulled straw (OPS) vitrification (Group V) or conventional freezing method as a control (Group C). Bovine embryos (Day<sub>6.5&ndash;7.5</sub>) collected from superovulated cows were classified according to developmental stages and morphological qualities (Grade 1 and 2) before cryopreservation and they were transferred to synchronized heifers after thawing. Pregnancy rates after transfer of morulae, early blastocysts and expanded blastocysts in Group V compared to Group C (54.5%, 12/22 vs. 56.0%, 14/25; 53.3%, 16/30 vs. 58.1%, 18/31 and 57.7%, 15/26 vs. 48.3%, 14/29) were not different (P &gt; 0.05). Likewise, pregnancy rates after transfer of embryos of Grade 1 and 2 in Group V compared to Group C (55.1%, 43/78 vs. 54.1%, 46/85 and 36.4%, 12/33 vs. 32.9%, 23/70, respectively) were not different (P &gt; 0.05). The study demonstrated similar viability of embryos which were frozen by vitrification or conventional method irrespective of their quality and developmental stage after transfer into recipients.

211 A COMPARISON OF PREGNANCY MAINTENANCE AFTER EMBRYO TRANSFER OF DAY 7 OR 13 BOVINE EMBRYOS AND THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN INTERFERON-TAU PRODUCTION OF DAY 13 BOVINE EMBRYOS AND PREGNANCY SUCCESS

2007 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 222
Author(s):  
K. Kimura ◽  
N. Hayashi ◽  
H. Iwata
Keyword(s):  
Embryo Transfer ◽  
Early Embryo ◽  
Molecular Techniques ◽  
Length Of Day ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Activity Assay ◽  
Interferon Tau ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Relationship

Cattle embryo transfer (ET) involves the transfer of Day 7 embryos. Recent advances in molecular techniques mean that these techniques are employed in combination with ET. One example is the use of PCR to determine the sex of embryos, which requires the biopsying of blastomeres. This process, however, can compromise embryo development. The identification of embryonic markers to predict whether a pregnancy will survive to term also remains elusive. In cattle, interferon (IFN)-tau is well established as the principle factor for the maintenance of pregnancy. The transfer of Day 7 embryos a time at which minimal IFN-tau production is occurring means that using IFN-tau as a predictor of pregnancy success is limited. Compared to Day 7 embryos, Day 13 embryos are larger, with an increased number of cells that would reduce the risks of biopsy and the measurement of IFN-tau production. Although these characters are beneficial to ET, there are few reports of ET using embryos at this stage. Hence, the aims of our study were to compare the success of pregnancy maintenance after ET of Days 7 and 13 bovine embryos and determine whether IFN-tau production by Day 13 embryos prior to ET could be used as a marker to predict survival to term. Japanese Black cows (n = 10) were superovulated and inseminated (Day 0). On Days 7 (n = 5) and 13 (n = 5), embryos were nonsurgically recovered. Good quality Day 7 embryos were selected and frozen by the conventional slow freezing method until transfer. Day 13 embryos were collected, and their dimensions were recorded; they were subsequently cultured individually for 1 h in TCM-199 with 10% FBS (100 �L). The amount of IFN-tau in the medium was determined by antiviral activity assay using the NIH international standard. Frozen–thawed Day 7 and fresh Day 13 embryos were transferred into synchronized recipient cows (D7ET: n = 39, D13ET: n = 37). Following ET, estrus was monitored twice daily. Ultrasound diagnosis was performed on Days 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 post-estrus. All data were analyzed by Student&apos;s t-test. In total, 20 cows in the D7ET group and 18 cows in the D13ET group went to term. In the animals that did not maintain pregnancy, the percentage of cows that returned to estrus before Day 25 was significantly lower in the D13ET group than in the D7ET group (16.2&percnt; vs. 38.5&percnt;; P &lt; 0.05). However, the number of cows that returned to estrus after Day 30 post-ET was significantly higher in the D13ET than the D7ET group (27.0&percnt; vs. 2.6&percnt;; P &lt; 0.05). In the D13ET group, of the 10 cows that did not return to estrus by Day 50, half had no fetus present but fetal membranes were evident. No significant difference in IFN-tau production or the length of Day 13 embryos was determined between those that went to term and those that did not survive (432 &plusmn; 154 vs. 1448 &plusmn; 1045 pg/embryo, P &equals; 0.36; 1.65 &plusmn; 0.34 vs. 1.40 &plusmn; 0.17 mm, P &equals; 0.55, respectively). In conclusion, the use of Day 13 vs. Day 7 embryos in ET did not improve the pregnancy rate to term although it helped avoid early embryo death, and there was no relationship between IFN-tau production of Day 13 embryos and their pregnancy success.

Methods for making stereoslides and -prints, with freeze-etched olfactory epithelium as example

1984 ◽  
Vol 42 ◽  
pp. 704-705
Author(s):  
Bert Ph. M. Menco ◽  
Ido F. Menco ◽  
Frans L.T. Verdonk
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscope ◽  
Olfactory Epithelium ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Supporting Cell ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Extensive Study ◽  
Sprague Dawley ◽  
Freezing Method ◽  
Respiratory Epithelia ◽  
Three Dimensional Presentation

Previously we presented an extensive study of the distributions of intramembranous particles of structures in apical surfaces of nasal olfactory and respiratory epithelia of the Sprague-Dawley rat. For the same structures these distributions were compared in samples which were i) chemically fixed and cryo-protected with glycerol before cryo-fixation, after excision, and ii)ultra-rapidly frozen by means of the slam-freezing method. Since a three-dimensional presentation markedly improves visualization of structural features micrographs were presented as stereopairs. Two exposures were made by tiling the sample stage of the electron microscope 6° in either direction with an eucentric goniometer. The negatives (Agfa Pan 25 Professional) were reversed with Kodak Technical Pan Film 2415 developed in D76 1:1. The prints were made from these reversed negatives. As an example tight-junctional features of an olfactory supporting cell in a region where this cell conjoined with two other cells are presented (Fig. 1).

Early development of bovine embryos depends on the cooperative action between oxidative and endoplasmic reticulum stresses

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung-Bin Yoon ◽  
Hae-Jun Yang ◽  
Seong-Eun Mun ◽  
Pil-Soo Jeong ◽  
Seon-A Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Endoplasmic Reticulum ◽  
Early Development ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Cooperative Action

scholarly journals Evaluation of Bovine Embryo Biopsy Techniques according to Their Ability to Preserve Embryo Viability

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Cenariu ◽  
E. Pall ◽  
C. Cernea ◽  
I. Groza
Keyword(s):  
Pregnancy Rate ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Needle Aspiration ◽  
Embryo Biopsy ◽  
Embryo Cryopreservation ◽  
Bovine Embryo ◽  
Bovine Embryos ◽  
Embryo Viability ◽  
Biopsy Methods ◽  
Biopsy Method

The purpose of this research was to evaluate three embryo biopsy techniques used for preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in cattle and to recommend the least invasive one for current use, especially when PGD is followed by embryo cryopreservation. Three hundred bovine embryos were biopsied by either one of the needle, aspiration or microblade method, and then checked for viability by freezing/thawing and transplantation to recipient cows. The number of pregnancies obtained after the transfer of biopsied frozen/thawed embryos was assessed 30 days later using ultrasounds. The results were significantly different between the three biopsy methods: the pregnancy rate was of 57% in cows that received embryos biopsied by needle, 43% in cows that received embryos biopsied by aspiration, and 31% in cows that received embryos biopsied by microblade. Choosing an adequate biopsy method is therefore of great importance in embryos that will undergo subsequent cryopreservation, as it significantly influences their viability after thawing.

scholarly journals Contrasting effects of heat shock during in vitro maturation on development of in vitro‐fertilized and parthenogenetic bovine embryos

2019 ◽  
Vol 54 (10) ◽  
pp. 1357-1365
Author(s):  
Luiz Sergio Almeida Camargo ◽  
Fernanda Queiros Costa ◽  
Michele Munk ◽  
Sabine Wohlres‐Viana ◽  
Raquel Varela Serapião ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Shock ◽  
In Vitro Maturation ◽  
Bovine Embryos

scholarly journals Microinjection of Bovine Embryos with a Foreign Gene and Its Detection at the Blastocyst Stage

1993 ◽  
Vol 76 (11) ◽  
pp. 3392-3399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Esmail Behboodi ◽  
G.B. Anderson ◽  
S. Horvat ◽  
J.F. Medrano ◽  
J.D. Murray ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blastocyst Stage ◽  
Foreign Gene ◽  
Bovine Embryos

scholarly journals Sex Determination of Bovine Embryos Using H-Y Antibodies

1989 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 155-164 ◽  
Author(s):  
Birthe Avery ◽  
Mette Schmidt
Keyword(s):  
Sex Determination ◽  
Bovine Embryos
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