Ultrastructure of the Frog Pars Intermedia in Relation to Hypothalamic Control of Hormone Release

1968 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 72-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.C. Saland
Keyword(s):  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Hypothalamic Control

Homeostatic Systems

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peggy Mason
Keyword(s):  
Maternal Care ◽  
Neural Control ◽  
Neural Circuits ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Hirschsprung Disease ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Encephalitis Lethargica ◽  
Cord Injury ◽  
Hypothalamic Control ◽  
Regulation Of Blood Pressure

The roles of the hypothalamus in regulating fluid balance and supporting the calm affective state needed for maternal care are described. Hypothalamic control of hormone release is reviewed and related disorders such as Addison’s disease and acromegaly are introduced. Basic thermoregulatory principles are presented and the biological danger of ambient heat is emphasized. The concept of set point is explained in the context of fever, antipyresis and hyperthermia. Neural regulation of blood pressure and orthostatic hypotension are briefly described. The patterns and neural circuits involved in breathing during rest or while exercising or sleeping are detailed. A description of neural control of micturition is used to explain detrusor-sphincter dyssenergia secondary to spinal cord injury. The enteric nervous system is briefly described and Hirschsprung disease is introduced. Finally, the neural control of sleep, disorders of sleep-wake control, and von Economo’s discovery of encephalitis lethargica are detailed.

scholarly journals Isolation, Primary Structure, and Effects onα -Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone Release of Frog Neurotensin**This work was supported by the NSF, INSERM, and the Conseil Régional de Haute-Normandie.

Endocrinology ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 139 (10) ◽  
pp. 4140-4146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurence Desrues ◽  
Marie-Christine Tonon ◽  
Jerome Leprince ◽  
Hubert Vaudry ◽  
J. Michael Conlon
Keyword(s):  
Primary Structure ◽  
Repeated Administration ◽  
Pars Intermedia ◽  
Amino Acid Substitutions ◽  
Hormone Release ◽  
Green Frog ◽  
Rana Ridibunda ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Frog Brain ◽  
Basal Release

Abstract Neurotensin (NT) was isolated in pure form from the small intestine of the European green frog, Rana ridibunda, and its primary structure was established as pGlu-Ala-His-Ile-Ser-Lys-Ala-Arg-Arg-Pro-Tyr-Ile-Leu. This sequence contains five amino acid substitutions (Leu2→Ala, Tyr3→His, Glu4→Ile, Asn5→Ser, and Pro7→Ala) compared with human NT. A peptide with identical chromatographic properties was identified in an extract of frog brain. Synthetic frog NT produced a concentration-dependent increase in αMSH release from perifused frog pars intermedia cells, with an ED50 of 5 × 10−9m. A maximum response (276.3 ± 45.5% above basal release) was produced by a 10−8-m concentration. Repeated administration of NT to melanotrope cells revealed the occurrence of a rapid and pronounced desensitization mechanism. The data are consistent with a possible role for the peptide as a hypophysiotropic factor in amphibians.

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