Regressive Events in Brain Development and Scenarios for Vertebrate Brain Evolution

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 102-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Finlay ◽  
Kenneth C. Wikler ◽  
Dale R. Sengelaub
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Regressive Events

Regressive Events in Brain Development and Scenarios for Vertebrate Brain Evolution (Part 2 of 2)

1987 ◽  
Vol 30 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 109-117
Author(s):  
Barbara L. Finlay ◽  
Kenneth C. Wikler ◽  
Dale R. Sengelaub
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Regressive Events

scholarly journals Murine Otx1 and Drosophila otd genes share conserved genetic functions required in invertebrate and vertebrate brain development

Development ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 125 (9) ◽  
pp. 1691-1702 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. Acampora ◽  
V. Avantaggiato ◽  
F. Tuorto ◽  
P. Barone ◽  
H. Reichert ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Mammalian Brain ◽  
Gene Products ◽  
Functional Conservation ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Functional Differences ◽  
Mutant Phenotypes ◽  
Insight Into

Despite the obvious differences in anatomy between invertebrate and vertebrate brains, several genes involved in the development of both brain types belong to the same family and share similarities in expression patterns. Drosophila orthodenticle (otd) and murine Otx genes exemplify this, both in terms of expression patterns and mutant phenotypes. In contrast, sequence comparison of OTD and OTX gene products indicates that homology is restricted to the homeodomain suggesting that protein divergence outside the homeodomain might account for functional differences acquired during brain evolution. In order to gain insight into this possibility, we replaced the murine Otx1 gene with a Drosophila otd cDNA. Strikingly, epilepsy and corticogenesis defects due to the absence of Otx1 were fully rescued in homozygous otd mice. A partial rescue was also observed for the impairments of mesencephalon, eye and lachrymal gland. In contrast, defects of the inner ear were not improved suggesting a vertebrate Otx1-specific function involved in morphogenesis of this structure. Furthermore, otd, like Otx1, was able to cooperate genetically with Otx2 in brain patterning, although with reduced efficiency. These data favour an extended functional conservation between Drosophila otd and murine Otx1 genes and support the idea that conserved genetic functions required in mammalian brain development evolved in a primitive ancestor of both flies and mice.

scholarly journals Emergence of neuronal diversity during vertebrate brain development

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bushra Raj ◽  
Jeffrey A. Farrell ◽  
Aaron McKenna ◽  
Jessica L. Leslie ◽  
Alexander F. Schier
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Single Cell ◽  
Time Course ◽  
Temporal Dynamics ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Developmental Time ◽  
Neural Progenitors ◽  
Neuronal Diversity ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
Vertebrate Brain

ABSTRACTNeurogenesis in the vertebrate brain comprises many steps ranging from the proliferation of progenitors to the differentiation and maturation of neurons. Although these processes are highly regulated, the landscape of transcriptional changes and progenitor identities underlying brain development are poorly characterized. Here, we describe the first developmental single-cell RNA-seq catalog of more than 200,000 zebrafish brain cells encompassing 12 stages from 12 hours post-fertilization to 15 days post-fertilization. We characterize known and novel gene markers for more than 800 clusters across these timepoints. Our results capture the temporal dynamics of multiple neurogenic waves from embryo to larva that expand neuronal diversity from ∼20 cell types at 12 hpf to ∼100 cell types at 15 dpf. We find that most embryonic neural progenitor states are transient and transcriptionally distinct from long-lasting neural progenitors of post-embryonic stages. Furthermore, we reconstruct cell specification trajectories for the retina and hypothalamus, and identify gene expression cascades and novel markers. Our analysis reveal that late-stage retinal neural progenitors transcriptionally overlap cell states observed in the embryo, while hypothalamic neural progenitors become progressively distinct with developmental time. These data provide the first comprehensive single-cell transcriptomic time course for vertebrate brain development and suggest distinct neurogenic regulatory paradigms between different stages and tissues.

Genetic links between brain development and brain evolution

2005 ◽  
Vol 6 (7) ◽  
pp. 581-590 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra L. Gilbert ◽  
William B. Dobyns ◽  
Bruce T. Lahn
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Brain Evolution

scholarly journals Understanding Vertebrate Brain Evolution

2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (4) ◽  
pp. 743-756 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. G. Northcutt
Keyword(s):  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Vertebrate Brain

scholarly journals Rapid mosaic brain evolution under artificial selection for relative telencephalon size in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephanie Fong ◽  
Björn Rogell ◽  
Mirjam Amcoff ◽  
Alexander Kotrschal ◽  
Wouter van der Bijl ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Selection ◽  
Poecilia Reticulata ◽  
Brain Size ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Selected Lines ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Offspring Production ◽  
Mosaic Brain Evolution

The vertebrate brain displays enormous morphological variation and the quest to understand the evolutionary causes and consequences of this variation has spurred much research. The mosaic brain evolution hypothesis, stating that brain regions can evolve relatively independently, is an important idea in this research field. Here we provide experimental support for this hypothesis through an artificial selection experiment in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata). After four generations of selection on relative telencephalon volume (relative to brain size) in replicated up-selected, down-selected and control-lines, we found substantial changes in telencephalon size, but no changes in other regions. Comparisons revealed that up-selected lines had larger telencephalon while down-selected lines had smaller telencephalon than wild Trinidadian populations. No cost of increasing telencephalon size was detected in offspring production. Our results support that independent evolutionary changes in specific brain regions through mosaic brain evolution can be important facilitators of cognitive evolution.

Modularity in vertebrate brain development and evolution

BioEssays ◽  
2001 ◽  
Vol 23 (12) ◽  
pp. 1100-1111 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christoph Redies ◽  
Luis Puelles
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Vertebrate Brain ◽  
Development And Evolution

scholarly journals Understanding well–being in the evolutionary context of brain development

2004 ◽  
Vol 359 (1449) ◽  
pp. 1349-1358 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eric B. Keverne
Keyword(s):  
Brain Development ◽  
Positive Emotions ◽  
Brain Evolution ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Regulatory Control ◽  
Brain Maturation ◽  
Association Cortex ◽  
Evolutionary Context ◽  
Emotional Behaviour ◽  
Early Life Events

Much of the work on well–being and positive emotions has tended to focus on the adult, partly because this is when problems are manifest and well–being often becomes an issue by its absence. However, it is pertinent to ask if early life events might engender certain predispositions that have consequences for adult well–being. The human brain undergoes much of its growth and development postnatally until the age of seven and continues to extend its synaptic connections well into the second decade. Indeed, the prefrontal association cortex, areas of the brain concerned with forward planning and regulatory control of emotional behaviour, continue to develop until the age of 20. In this article, I consider the significance of this extended postnatal developmental period for brain maturation and how brain evolution has encompassed certain biological changes and predispositions that, with our modern lifestyle, represent risk factors for well–being. An awareness of these sensitive phases in brain development is important in understanding how we might facilitate secure relationships and high self–esteem in our children. This will provide the firm foundations on which to develop meaningful lifestyles and relationships that are crucial to well–being.

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