Event-Related Potentials as a Tool in the Evaluation of Cognitive Functions in Young Subjects through the Execution of a Simple Task

1987 ◽  
Vol 17 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Amabile ◽  
G. Pozzessere ◽  
F. Fattapposta ◽  
L. Sanarelli ◽  
E. Valle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Simple Task ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Young Subjects

Neuroplasticity in Music Learning

2018 ◽  
pp. 545-563
Author(s):  
Vesa Putkinen ◽  
Mari Tervaniemi
Keyword(s):  
Speech Processing ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Brain Function ◽  
Musical Training ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Training Transfer ◽  
Neural Correlates ◽  
Music Learning ◽  
Functional Brain ◽  
Related Potentials

Studies conducted during the last three decades have identified numerous differences between musicians and non-musicians in neural correlates of sensory, motor, and higher-order cognitive functions. Research employing event-related potentials/fields has been particularly important in this framework. This chapter reviews the evidence that has emerged from these studies with emphasis on longitudinal studies comparing functional brain development in children taking music lessons and those engaged in non-musical activities. The literature provides empirical and theoretical grounds for concluding that musical training enhances sound encoding skills that are relevant for both music and speech processing. The question whether the benefits of musical training transfer to more distantly related cognitive functions remains controversial, however. Finally, it appears likely that training-induced plasticity alone does not account for the differences in brain function between musicians and non-musicians and, conversely, that predisposing factors also play a role.

834 Event Related Potentials (ERPs) for Memory: Toward Localization of Cognitive Functions in Children

Neurosurgery ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 538-538
Author(s):  
Joseph R. Madsen ◽  
Daniel S. Rizzuto ◽  
Michael Kahana
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

scholarly journals Sequential Effects of Increasing Propofol Sedation on Frontal and Temporal Cortices as Indexed by Auditory Event-related Potentials

2004 ◽  
Vol 100 (3) ◽  
pp. 617-625 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wolfgang Heinke ◽  
Ramona Kenntner ◽  
Thomas C. Gunter ◽  
Daniela Sammler ◽  
Derk Olthoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Auditory Cortex ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Auditory Processing ◽  
Primary Auditory Cortex ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Sequential Effects ◽  
Auditory Event ◽  
Propofol Sedation ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Auditory Event Related Potentials

Background It is an open question whether cognitive processes of auditory perception that are mediated by functionally different cortices exhibit the same sensitivity to sedation. The auditory event-related potentials P1, mismatch negativity (MMN), and early right anterior negativity (ERAN) originate from different cortical areas and reflect different stages of auditory processing. The P1 originates mainly from the primary auditory cortex. The MMN is generated in or in the close vicinity of the primary auditory cortex but is also dependent on frontal sources. The ERAN mainly originates from frontal generators. The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of increasing propofol sedation on different stages of auditory processing as reflected in P1, MMN, and ERAN. Methods The P1, the MMN, and the ERAN were recorded preoperatively in 18 patients during four levels of anesthesia adjusted with target-controlled infusion: awake state (target concentration of propofol 0.0 microg/ml), light sedation (0.5 microg/ml), deep sedation (1.5 microg/ml), and unconsciousness (2.5-3.0 microg/ml). Simultaneously, propofol anesthesia was assessed using the Bispectral Index. Results Propofol sedation resulted in a progressive decrease in amplitudes and an increase of latencies with a similar pattern for MMN and ERAN. MMN and ERAN were elicited during sedation but were abolished during unconsciousness. In contrast, the amplitude of the P1 was unchanged by sedation but markedly decreased during unconsciousness. Conclusion The results indicate differential effects of propofol sedation on cognitive functions that involve mainly the auditory cortices and cognitive functions that involve the frontal cortices.

Effects of weak mobile phone-Electromagnetic fields (GSM, UMTS) on event related potentials and cognitive functions

2008 ◽  
Vol 29 (6) ◽  
pp. 488-497 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kleinlogel ◽  
Th. Dierks ◽  
Th. Koenig ◽  
H. Lehmann ◽  
A. Minder ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Electromagnetic Fields ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Related Potentials

Endogenous evoked potentials assessment in depression: a review

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 357-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Nandrino ◽  
F El Massioui ◽  
J Everett
Keyword(s):  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Functions ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
The Past ◽  
Recent Advances ◽  
Cognitive Operations ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Methodological Problems ◽  
Specific Disorders

SummaryOver the past 15 years, researchers have shown an increasing interest in using event-related potentials (ERPs) to study depression. These studies generally fall into four classes: 1), ERPs as a means of detecting depression; 2), ERPs as a tool for distinguishing subtypes of depression; 3), ERPs as a measure of pharmacological effectiveness; 4), ERPs as indicators of defective cognitive operations in depressed subjects. Results from these heterogeneous approaches are often inconsistent and disappointing. Although some ERP components often show increased latencies and diminished amplitudes, these changes seem to reflect principally a variety of non-specific disorders affecting a wide range of cognitive functions rather than a precise and consistent deficit of a particular function. These disappointing results seem to be attributable to methodological problems (heterogeneous patient populations, disproportionate use of the odd-ball paradigm), and do not necessarily call into question the value of studying the ERPs. Furthermore, recent advances in ERP methodology have opened up new perspectives for ERP use in psychopathology.

scholarly journals Effects of Age on the Neural Correlates of Retrieval Cue Processing are Modulated by Task Demands

2009 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandrine Duverne ◽  
Shahab Motamedinia ◽  
Michael D. Rugg
Keyword(s):  
Recognition Task ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Retrieval Task ◽  
Retrieval Cues ◽  
Test Items ◽  
Study Material ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Study Test ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Cue Processing

The electrophysiological correlates of retrieval orientation—the differential processing of retrieval cues according to the nature of the sought-for information—were investigated in healthy young (18–20 years old) and older (63–77 years old) adults. In one pair of study–test cycles, subjects studied either words or pictures presented in one of two visually distinct contexts, and then performed a yes/no recognition task with words as test items. In another pair of study–test cycles, subjects again made recognition judgments, but were required, in addition, to signal the study context for each item judged “old.” Young subjects' event-related potentials (ERPs) for new (unstudied) test items were more negative-going when the study material was pictures rather than words, and this effect varied little between the two retrieval tasks. Replicating a previous report [Morcom, A. M., & Rugg, M. D. Effects of age on retrieval cue processing as revealed by ERPs. Neuropsychologia, 42, 1525–1542, 2004], the effects of study material on the ERPs of the older subjects were attenuated and statistically nonsignificant in the recognition task. In the source retrieval task, however, material effects in the older group were comparable in both onset latency and magnitude with those of the young subjects. Thus, the failure of older adults to demonstrate differential cue processing in tests of recognition memory likely reflects the adoption of a specific retrieval strategy rather than the incapacity to process retrieval cues in a goal-directed manner.

scholarly journals Single-subject prediction of response inhibition behavior by event-related potentials

2016 ◽  
Vol 115 (3) ◽  
pp. 1252-1262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Kathrin Stock ◽  
Florin Popescu ◽  
Andres H. Neuhaus ◽  
Christian Beste
Keyword(s):  
Response Inhibition ◽  
Group Membership ◽  
Event Related Potentials ◽  
Cognitive Resources ◽  
Single Subject ◽  
Stimulus Response ◽  
Early Processing ◽  
Related Potentials ◽  
Young Subjects ◽  
Inhibition Performance

Much research has been devoted to investigating response inhibition and the neuronal processes constituting this essential cognitive faculty. However, the nexus between cognitive subprocesses, behavior, and electrophysiological processes remains associative in nature. We therefore investigated whether neurophysiological correlates of inhibition subprocesses merely correlate with behavioral performance or actually provide information expedient to the prediction of behavior on a single-subject level. Tackling this question, we used different data-driven classification approaches in a sample of n = 262 healthy young subjects who completed a standard Go/Nogo task while an EEG was recorded. On the basis of median-split response inhibition performance, subjects were classified as “accurate/slow” and “less accurate/fast.” Even though these behavioral group differences were associated with significant amplitude variations in classical electrophysiological correlates of response inhibition (i.e., N2 and P3), they were not predictive for group membership on a single-subject level. Instead, amplitude differences in the Go-P2 originating in the precuneus (BA7) were shown to predict group membership on a single-subject level with up to 64% accuracy. These findings strongly suggest that the behavioral outcome of response inhibition greatly depends on the amount of cognitive resources allocated to early stages of stimulus-response activation during responding. This suggests that research should focus more on early processing steps during responding when trying to understand the origin of interindividual differences in response inhibition processes.

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