The Mechanism of Calcium Deposition in Soft Tissues

2005 ◽  
pp. 279-286 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego Brancaccio ◽  
Mario Cozzolino
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Calcium Deposition

Effects of Nicergoline on Calcium and Magnesium Deposition in the Central Nervous System Tissues of Rats Maintained on Low-Calcium Diets

1992 ◽  
Vol 20 (6) ◽  
pp. 483-491 ◽  
Author(s):  
M Yasui ◽  
T Kihira ◽  
M Tsujimoto ◽  
K Ota
Keyword(s):  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Cerebral Metabolism ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Standard Diet ◽  
Low Calcium Diet ◽  
Low Calcium ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Calcium And Magnesium

Reduction of calcium intake leads to the mobilization of calcium and magnesium from the bone pool and to calcium deposition in the soft tissues, especially in the central nervous system (CNS). The effects of 10α-methoxy-1,6-dimethylergoline-8β-methanol 5-bromonicotinate (nicergoline), an ameliorator of cerebral circulation and metabolism, on the deposition of calcium and magnesium in the CNS, heart, liver, kidney, muscle, abdominal aorta and bones were studied in rats maintained on standard and low-calcium diets. Rats were fed the following diets for 90 days: standard calcium (12.5 g/kg); standard calcium with 60 mg/kg nicergoline; low-calcium (30 mg/kg); and low-calcium with 60 mg/kg nicergoline. The presence of nicergoline did not affect blood chemistry but magnesium concentrations in the liver were significantly (P < 0.05) higher in rats fed standard diet with nicergoline. Magnesium concentrations in the occipital cortex, pons, cerebellum, liver, kidney, muscle and femur of nicergoline-treated rats fed low-calcium diet were significantly ( P < 0.01 − 0.05) higher compared with those in the corresponding controls, whereas the calcium concentrations in the femur of nicergoline-treated rats fed both standard and low-calcium diets were significantly ( P < 0.05) higher than those in the corresponding controls. In general, nicergoline tended to preserve the calcium content in the bone of rats fed a standard diet. Nicergoline may be implicated in calcium metabolism in rats fed low-calcium diets and may activate cerebral metabolism through the maintenance of magnesium concentrations in the CNS and soft tissues.

scholarly journals Parycalcitol + J131 - A New Route to Treatment Secondary Hyperparathyroidism in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease on Long-term Dialysis?

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Radosław Drozd ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Secondary Hyperparathyroidism ◽  
Bone Metabolism ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
The Body ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Phosphate Binding

Two cases with the dramatic course of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patients with chronic kidney disease on long-term dialysis. Has anything possible been done in management of these patients? Complications associated with impaired bone mineralization among patients with chronic kidney disease on long-term dialysis are observed frequently with an array of pathologic processes being found. Kidney osteodystrophy may be associated with either increased or decreased (adynamic bone disease, osteomalacia, aluminum-induced osteopenia) bone metabolism, as well as mixed forms related to the B2 microglobulin amyloidosis. Differential diagnosis of various types of osteopathy is difficult and is usually based on the histologic assessment of the bone biopsy. The most typical bone complication in patients with impaired kidney function is osetodistophy with increased bone metabolism, caused by secondary hyperparathyroidism clinically manifesting as osteitis fibrosa. High serum levels of PTH induce osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Early changes, with characteristic increase in the woven osteoid suggesting early, increased osteoplastic bone resorption may be found in a significant percentage of patients with GFR>60ml/min/1,73m2 of the body surface. Lower values of the GFR are associated with both faster bone synthesis and more active resorption with progressive increase in the intraosseous fibrosis and decreased bone mineralization. As the abnormalities progress, which is especially marked in patients on long-term dialysis, a rage of clinical symptoms, such as: severe bone and joint pain, bone deformation, pathological fractures, especially in the spinal region, calcifications of the soft tissues and vessels, including heart valves and lungs. In children, the most common abnormality is growth impairment. In some patient’s skin calcifications, with subsequent necrosis, due to increased calcium deposition in small and medium arteries. The diagnosis is based on the typical clinical picture, biochemical parameters (calcium and phosphate ratio, parathormone levels, characteristic radiologic charges and sometimes, bone histology. Prevention and treatment of these complications includes effective dialysis, appropriate low-phosphate diet with limitation of the protein supply to the 0.8g/kg of the body mass, adequate calcium and active Vitamin D3 supply, introduction of the phosphate binding medications (sevelamer or lantan) as well as calcimimetic use (substances activating parathyroid gland calcium receptors inhibiting both its up-regulation and PTH secretion). In the severe cases, with insufficient effect of the treatment described above, parathyroidectomy is required after close ultrasound and scintigraphy-based assessment of these glands. However, even such treatment may be insufficient in some cases, as presented below.

scholarly journals Roles of Nuclear Receptors in Vascular Calcification

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 6491
Author(s):  
Giulia Chinetti ◽  
Jaap G. Neels
Keyword(s):  
Nuclear Receptors ◽  
Vascular Calcification ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Vascular Wall ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Wall Calcification ◽  
Clinical Consequences

Vascular calcification is defined as an inappropriate accumulation of calcium depots occurring in soft tissues, including the vascular wall. Growing evidence suggests that vascular calcification is an actively regulated process, sharing similar mechanisms with bone formation, implicating both inhibitory and inducible factors, mediated by osteoclast-like and osteoblast-like cells, respectively. This process, which occurs in nearly all the arterial beds and in both the medial and intimal layers, mainly involves vascular smooth muscle cells. In the vascular wall, calcification can have different clinical consequences, depending on the pattern, localization and nature of calcium deposition. Nuclear receptors are transcription factors widely expressed, activated by specific ligands that control the expression of target genes involved in a multitude of pathophysiological processes, including metabolism, cancer, inflammation and cell differentiation. Some of them act as drug targets. In this review we describe and discuss the role of different nuclear receptors in the control of vascular calcification.

scholarly journals Effects of 3-isobutyryl-2-isopropylpyrazolo[1, 5-a]pyridine(ibudilast) on Calcium Deposition in Soft Tissues of Rabbits with Atherosclerosis

1991 ◽  
Vol 19 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 181-188
Author(s):  
Masayuki YASUI ◽  
Ichiro YANO ◽  
Kiichiro OTA ◽  
Jiro MAEDA ◽  
Akira OSHIMA
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Calcium Deposition

scholarly journals Bisphosphonate-Associated Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: Are We Dealing with a Localized Non-Traditional Calciphylaxis?

2012 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
TF Meiller ◽  
H Almubarak ◽  
DS Weikel ◽  
J Brahim ◽  
MA Scheper
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Clinical Course ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Osteonecrosis Of The Jaw ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Delayed Wound Healing ◽  
Tissue Ischemia ◽  
Vital Component ◽  
Pathophysiologic Mechanisms

The bisphosphonate (BP) family of drugs has been used as a vital component in cancer therapy and many other diseases. One of the main adverse effects related to (BP) is BP-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ). Although this condition was first recognized in 2003, the pathophysiologic mechanism remains undefined. Our hypothesis is that ONJs clinical course and delayed wound healing is in part correlated to a localized non-traditional calciphylaxis. This effect is identified by the evidence of calcium deposition in the connective tissue and around small blood vessels in the soft tissues immediately adjacent to ONJ lesions. This phenomenon helps to fill gaps in the cascade of events which leads to soft tissue ischemia, necrosis, and non-healing ONJ lesions. Our finding adds to the current knowledge of the potential pathophysiologic mechanisms related to ONJ.

scholarly journals Polyurethane Composite Scaffolds Modified with the Mixture of Gelatin and Hydroxyapatite Characterized by Improved Calcium Deposition

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 410
Author(s):  
Iga Carayon ◽  
Paweł Szarlej ◽  
Marcin Łapiński ◽  
Justyna Kucińska-Lipka
Keyword(s):  
Bone Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Bone Fractures ◽  
Degradation Process ◽  
Treatment Method ◽  
Bone Tissue Regeneration ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Main Function ◽  
Motion System ◽  
Polyurethane Composite

The skeleton is a crucial element of the motion system in the human body, whose main function is to support and protect the soft tissues. Furthermore, the elements of the skeleton act as a storage place for minerals and participate in the production of red blood cells. The bone tissue includes the craniomaxillofacial bones, ribs, and spine. There are abundant reports in the literature indicating that the amount of treatments related to bone fractures increases year by year. Nowadays, the regeneration of the bone tissue is performed by using autografts or allografts, but this treatment method possesses a few disadvantages. Therefore, new and promising methods of bone tissue regeneration are constantly being sought. They often include the implantation of tissue scaffolds, which exhibit proper mechanical and osteoconductive properties. In this paper, the preparation of polyurethane (PUR) scaffolds modified by gelatin as the reinforcing factor and hydroxyapatite as the bioactive agent was described. The unmodified and modified scaffolds were tested for their mechanical properties; morphological assessments using optical microscopy were also conducted, as was the ability for calcification using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). Moreover, each type of scaffold was subjected to a degradation process in 5M NaOH and 2M HCl aqueous solutions. It was noticed that the best properties promoting the calcium phosphate deposition were obtained for scaffolds modified with 2% gelatin solution containing 5% of hydroxyapatite.

Calcific leiomyoma. A unique case report

1995 ◽  
Vol 85 (2) ◽  
pp. 96-98 ◽  
Author(s):  
JL Davis ◽  
RD Russell ◽  
JA Giacopelli
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Pain Treatment ◽  
Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Benign Soft Tissue Tumors ◽  
Level Of Understanding ◽  
High Level ◽  
Paroxysmal Pain

Leiomyomas are benign soft tissue tumors originating in smooth muscle. They present clinically as a soft tissue mass causing a well localized, paroxysmal pain. Treatment of choice for such lesions is total excision. Recurrence or malignant transformation of these tumors is rare. Calcific leiomyomas, as diagnosed in this study, have seldom been reported in the foot. When treating lesions involving atopic calcification, it is important to maintain a high level of understanding of the various etiologies, both metabolic and nonmetabolic, which may lead to calcium deposition in the soft tissues.

scholarly journals Pseudotumoral Calcinosis: A Soft Tissue Tumor in a 14-Year-Old Male

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-3
Author(s):  
Abderr Rahim ◽  
Abdelouahed Amrani ◽  
Abderr Rahim ◽  
Badr Rouijel ◽  
Imane Zizi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soft Tissue Tumor ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Tumoral Calcinosis ◽  
Calcium Deposition ◽  
Rare Benign Tumor ◽  
Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right

Pseudotumoral calcinosis is a rare benign tumor, characterized by deep calcium deposition in peri-articular soft tissues. A numerous list of calcium deposit diseases exists making the calcinosis diagnosis very challenging. There are three principal forms or etiologies; primary or idiopathic forms followed by secondary forms due to chronic renal failure or hyperparathyroidism, then genetic forms such as Hyperphosphatemic Familial Tumoral Calcinosis (HFTC). We report a case of 14-year-old boy with primary tumoral calcinosis of the right hip. Total mass resection was performed without any recurrence at one-year follow-up.

Rapid Critical Point Drying of Tissues in a Parr Bomb

1972 ◽  
Vol 30 ◽  
pp. 400-401
Author(s):  
C.A. Baechler ◽  
W. C. Pitchford ◽  
J. M. Riddle ◽  
C.B. Boyd ◽  
H. Kanagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Critical Point ◽  
Critical Pressure ◽  
Soft Tissues ◽  
Biological Tissues ◽  
Critical Temperatures ◽  
Air Drying ◽  
The Past ◽  
Critical Point Drying ◽  
Great Stress ◽  
Infiltration Techniques

Preservation of the topographic ultrastructure of soft biological tissues for examination by scanning electron microscopy has been accomplished in the past by using lengthy epoxy infiltration techniques, or dehydration in ethanol or acetone followed by air drying. Since the former technique requires several days of preparation and the latter technique subjects the tissues to great stress during the phase change encountered during air-drying, an alternate rapid, economical, and reliable method of surface structure preservation was developed. Turnbill and Philpott had used a fluorocarbon for the critical point drying of soft tissues and indicated the advantages of working with fluids having both moderately low critical pressures as well as low critical temperatures. Freon-116 (duPont) which has a critical temperature of 19. 7 C and a critical pressure of 432 psi was used in this study.

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