Beneficial Effects of Intraperitoneally Administered Alpha-Tocopheryl Acetate on the Levels of Lipid Peroxide and Activity of Glutathione Peroxidase and Superoxide Dismutase in Skin, Blood and Liver of Thermally Injured Guinea Pigs

2003 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 36-45 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Lussi ◽  
M. Naziroglu ◽  
P. Francescut ◽  
I. Kökçam ◽  
Ş. Yilmaz
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Response of antioxidant enzymes to intermittent and continuous hyperbaric oxygen

1990 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 328-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. L. Harabin ◽  
J. C. Braisted ◽  
E. T. Flynn
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Hyperbaric Oxygen ◽  
Enzyme Activities ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Exposure Duration ◽  
Biochemical Variables ◽  
Time Required

Rats and guinea pigs were exposed to O2 at 2.8 ATA (HBO) delivered either continuously or intermittently (repeated cycles of 10 min of 100% O2 followed by 2.5 min of air). The O2 time required to produce convulsions and death was increased significantly in both species by intermittency. To determine whether changes in brain and lung superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSHPx) correlated with the observed tolerance, enzyme activities were measured after short or long HBO exposures. For each exposure duration, one group received continuous and one intermittent HBO; O2 times were matched. HBO had marked effects on these enzymes: lung SOD increased (guinea pigs 47%, rats 88%) and CAT and GSHPx activities decreased (33%) in brain and lung. No differences were seen in lung GSHPx or brain CAT in rats or brain SOD in either species. In guinea pigs, but less so in rats, the observed changes in activity were usually modulated by intermittency. Increases in hematocrit, organ protein, and lung DNA, which may also reflect ongoing oxidative damage, were also slowed with intermittency in guinea pigs. Intermittency benefited both species by postponing gross symptoms of toxicity, but its modulation of changes in enzyme activities and other biochemical variables was more pronounced in guinea pigs than in rats, suggesting that there are additional mechanisms for tolerance.

Control of superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities in rat lymphoid organs by thyroid hormones

1994 ◽  
Vol 140 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-77 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Pereira ◽  
L F B P Costa Rosa ◽  
D A Safi ◽  
E J H Bechara ◽  
R Curi
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Thyroid Hormones ◽  
Citrate Synthase ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Lymphoid Organs ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Glucose 6 Phosphate Dehydrogenase ◽  
Reducing Equivalents

Abstract This study examined the effect of experimental hyperand hypothyroidism on the superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities of rat lymphoid organs (mesenteric lymph nodes, spleen and thymus) and muscles (soleus and gastrocnemius-white portion) for comparison. The capacity for the generation of reducing equivalents was also investigated: activities of glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (pentose-phosphate pathway) and citrate synthase (Krebs cycle). Hyperthyroidism tended to enhance lipid peroxide content in all tissues. This effect may result from (1) a high capacity for the generation of reducing equivalents in cytosol and mitochondria and (2) a reduced activity of catalase in the lymphoid organs and of glutathione peroxidase in the muscles. The process of lipid peroxidation in these tissues caused by hyperthyroidism was probably slowed down by the augmentation of CuZn- and Mn-superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) activities observed under this condition. Hypothyroidism tended to diminish lipid peroxidation and did not affect citrate synthase and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activities in the lymphoid organs and muscles. Low levels of thyroid hormones tended to diminish Mn-SOD and glutathione peroxidase activities. These findings show that the thyroid hormones might be able to regulate the activities of CuZn- and Mn-SOD, and catalase and glutathione peroxidase in the lymphoid organs and skeletal muscles. Journal of Endocrinology (1994) 140, 73–77

Serum lipid peroxide levels and erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activity in premenopausal and postmenopausal women

2001 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 298-303 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Bednarek-Tupikowska ◽  
A. Bohdanowicz-Pawlak ◽  
B. Bidzinska ◽  
A. Milewicz ◽  
J. Antonowicz-Juchniewicz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Serum Lipid ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Serum Lipid Peroxide

scholarly journals Differences in activities of antioxidant superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase and prooxidant xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase in the normal corneal epithelium of various mammals

2007 ◽  
pp. 105-112
Author(s):  
J Kovačeva ◽  
J Pláteník ◽  
M Vejražka ◽  
S Štípek ◽  
T Ardan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Xanthine Oxidase ◽  
Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Corneal Epithelium ◽  
Guinea Pigs ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase Activity ◽  
Xanthine Oxidoreductase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase Activity ◽  
Oxidoreductase Activity

Under normal conditions, antioxidants at the corneal surface are balanced with the production of reactive oxygen species without any toxic effects. Danger from oxidative stress appears when natural antioxidants are overwhelmed leading to antioxidant/prooxidant imbalance. The aim of the present study was to examine the activities of enzymes contributing to the antioxidant/prooxidant balance in normal corneal epithelium of various mammals. The enzyme activities of antioxidant superoxide dismutase and glutathione peroxidase, as well as prooxidant xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase were examined using biochemical methods. Results show that superoxide dismutase activity is high in rabbits and guinea pigs, whereas in pigs the activity is low and in cows it is nearly absent. In contrast, glutathione peroxidase activity is high in cows, pigs and rabbits, whereas in guinea pigs the activity is low. As far as prooxidant enzymes are concerned, elevated xanthine oxidoreductase/xanthine oxidase activities were found in rabbits, lower activities in guinea pigs, very low activity in cows and no activity in pigs. In conclusion, the above results demonstrate inter-species variations in activities of enzymes participating in antioxidant/prooxidant balance in the corneal epithelium. It is suggested that the levels of antioxidant and prooxidant enzymes studied in the corneal epithelium might be associated with the diurnal or nocturnal activity of animals. UV rays decompose hydrogen peroxide to damaging hydroxyl radicals and perhaps for this reason large animals with diurnal activity (cow, pig) require more effective peroxide removal (high glutathione peroxidase activity) together with the suppression of peroxide production (low superoxide dismutase activity, low xanthine oxidoreductase activity).

scholarly journals Influence of chromium citrate on oxidative stress in the tissues of muscle and kidney of rats with experimentally induced diabetes

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 209-214
Author(s):  
О. О. Sushko ◽  
R. J. Iskra ◽  
L. I. Ponkalo
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Lipid Hydroperoxides ◽  
Peroxide Oxidation ◽  
Glucose Levels

Chromium is one of the important trace elements that is essential for carbohydrate, protein and lipid metabolism. Chromium improves glucose metabolism and reduces insulin resistance due to increased insulin sensitivity. Therefore, it is important to consider the use of chromium citrate as a nutritional supplement with potential hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects. In this research work, we investigated the activity of the antioxidant system and the level of lipid hydroperoxides in the tissues of skeletal muscles and kidneys of experimental diabetic rats and for rats which received in their daily diet chromium citrate in the amounts 0.1 and 0.2 μg/mL of water. We induced the experimental model of diabetes by intraperitoneal injection of alloxan in the amount 150 mg/kg of body weight of the animals. We monitored glucose levels by measuring daily glucose levels with a portable glucose meter. For research, we selected animals with a glucose level > 11.1 mmol/L. We monitored the body weight of rats. On the 40th day of the study, we withdrew the animals from the experiment by decapitation. We selected the tissue for research, namely skeletal muscles and kidneys. In samples of the tissue homogenates, we measured the activity of antioxidant enzymes and the content of lipid peroxide oxidation products. As a result of our research, we found that the products of lipid peroxide oxidation and glutathione peroxidase activity increased in skeletal muscle of animals with diabetes mellitus. The activity of glutathione reductase, catalase, superoxide dismutase, and the content of reduced glutathione decreased at the same time. In the kidneys of diabetic rats, the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, catalase and content of lipid hydroperoxides increased but the activity of superoxide dismutase and the content of reduced glutathione decreased. The addition of chromium citrate to the diet of animals in amounts 0.1 and 0.2 μg/mL led to the suppression of oxidative stress. The activity of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and the content of lipid hydroperoxides, TBA-positive substances decreased. Also, the activity of superoxide dismutase increased with the addition of chromium citrate. These results indicate normalization of antioxidant defense in the skeletal muscle and kidneys of experimental rats with experimental diabetes given chromium citrate in the amount 0.1 mg/mL of water.

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