History of Dietary Protein Therapy for the Treatment of Chronic Renal Disease from the Mid 1800s until the 1950s

2002 ◽  
Vol 22 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 278-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joel D. Kopple
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Protein Therapy ◽  
History Of ◽  
The 1950S

scholarly journals Renal Pelviceal Keratinizing Squamous Metaplasia with Sparing of Pyramidal Zones

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Richard H. Siderits ◽  
Jared Fingerman ◽  
Anup Hazra ◽  
Cheryl Rimmer ◽  
Marc Colaco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Urinary Tract ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Pelvis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Squamous Metaplasia ◽  
Upper Urinary Tract ◽  
Muscularis Mucosa ◽  
Chronic Infections ◽  
History Of

Metaplastic changes in the urothelium of the upper urinary tract are relatively infrequent. Metaplasia may present as either squamous or less often glandular differentiation. The process may be associated with chronic inflammation or associated chronic infections. There may be malignant transformation to either squamous cell carcinoma or adenocarcinoma. The demarcation of the metaplastic process in the minor calyces has not been well documented to date. We report the case of a 74-year-old female patient who presented with a history of chronic renal disease and acute pyohydronephrosis. The patient underwent a nephroureterectomy which revealed keratinizing desquamative squamous metaplasia throughout the renal pelvis and upper urinary tract with abrupt termination of metaplasia at the junction of the renal pelvis and the minor calyx (pyramidal zone). Immunohistochemical evaluation documents metaplastic urothelium stained positive for CK5, before converting sharply to simple cuboidal epithelium in the minor calyx (pyramidal zones) which stained positive CK7. At the junction of the metaplastic components and low cuboidal lined minor calyceal surfaces, the underlying stroma showed loss of ureteral muscularis mucosa with transition to renal parenchymal type stroma. We believe that this observation is unique and potentially relevant to the etiology and pathophysiology of pelviceal metaplasia.

The Effects of Dietary Protein Restriction and Blood-Pressure Control on the Progression of Chronic Renal Disease

1994 ◽  
Vol 330 (13) ◽  
pp. 877-884 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saulo Klahr ◽  
Andrew S. Levey ◽  
Gerald J. Beck ◽  
Arlene W. Caggiula ◽  
Lawrence Hunsicker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Renal Disease ◽  
Blood Pressure Control ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Pressure Control ◽  
Protein Restriction ◽  
Dietary Protein Restriction

COVID-19 related hospitalization costs; assessment of influencing factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammad Haji Aghajani ◽  
Mohammad Sistanizad ◽  
Amirmohammad Toloui ◽  
Arian Madani Neishaboori ◽  
Asma Pourhoseingholi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Teaching Hospital ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Diseases ◽  
Loss Of Consciousness ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Hospitalization Costs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Stage Renal Disease ◽  
End Stage

Objective: Our aim is to assess the effective factors on hospitalization costs of COVID-19 patients. Methods: Data related to clinical characteristics and cost of hospitalized COVID-19 patients from February 2020 until July 2020, in a public teaching hospital in Tehran, Iran was gathered in a retrospective cohort study. The corresponding factors influencing the diagnostic and therapeutic costs were evaluated, using a generalized linear model. Results: The median COVID-19 related diagnostic and therapeutic costs in a public teaching hospital in Iran, for one hospitalized COVID-19 patient was equal to 271.1 US dollars (USD). In patients who were discharged alive from the hospital, the costs increased with patients’ pregnancy (P<0.001), loss of consciousness during hospitalization (P<0.001), a history of drug abuse (P=0.006), history of chronic renal disease (P<0.001), end stage renal disease (P=0.002), history of brain surgery (P=0.001), history of migraine (P=0.001), cardiomegaly (P=0.033) and occurrence of myocardial infarction during hospitalization (P<0.001). In deceased patients, low age P<0.001), history of congenital disease (P=0.024) and development of cardiac dysrhythmias during hospitalization (P=0.044) were related to increase in therapeutic costs. Conclusion: Median diagnostic and therapeutic costs in COVID-19 patients, hospitalized in a public teaching hospital in Iran were 271.1 USD. Hoteling and medications made up most of the costs. History of cardiovascular disease and new onset episodes of such complications during hospitalization were the most important factors contributing to the increase of therapeutic costs. Moreover, pregnancy, loss of consciousness, and renal diseases are of other independent factors affecting hospitalization costs in COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Is there a "point of no return" in progressive renal disease?

1991 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 832-840
Author(s):  
G Maschio ◽  
L Oldrizzi ◽  
C Rugiu
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Antihypertensive Drugs ◽  
Interstitial Fibrosis ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Systemic Hypertension ◽  
Glomerular Sclerosis ◽  
Renal Disease Progression ◽  
Point Of No Return

The pathogenesis of progressive renal damage is most probably multifactorial. Whatever the mechanisms involved in renal disease progression, the existence of a "point of no return" has been hypothesized, that is, a stage of structural and functional damage beyond which progression of renal disease occurs independently of dietary measures and/or pharmacological treatment. In experimental animals, dietary protein and phosphate restriction is not fully successful in ameliorating the progression of functional deterioration if administered when renal injury is severe and long standing. Similarly, late treatment with various pharmacological agents (mainly antihypertensive drugs) is less effective than early administration of the same substances. A serum creatinine of 176 mumol/L seems a critical point discriminating the results of either dietary protein and phosphate restriction or antihypertensive treatment in patients with chronic renal disease. The protective effects of both dietary and nondietary intervention seem to be most effective when at least 50% of the residual renal mass is still functioning. The extent to which glomerular sclerosis, vascular hyalinosis, and interstitial fibrosis have already developed can probably blunt or avert the expected results of treatment. Some clinical tests may identify those patients who would benefit from measures such as the reduction in glomerular hemodynamic stress, the long-term inhibition of the renin-angiotensin system, and the aggressive treatment of systemic hypertension. The continuous search for a rational preventive treatment before the disease process has reached the "point of no return" will undoubtedly constitute a formidable task for the modern nephrologist.

scholarly journals Dietary protein and progression of chronic renal disease

BMJ ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 309 (6962) ◽  
pp. 1101-1102 ◽  
Author(s):  
N P Mallick
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Chronic Renal Disease
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