Central Mechanisms Responsible for the Actions of OB Protein (Leptin) on Food Intake, Metabolism and Body Energy Storage

1999 ◽  
pp. 12-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
L.A. Campfield
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ob Protein ◽  
Body Energy

scholarly journals An Updated View of Leptin on Implantation and Pregnancy: A Review

2014 ◽  
pp. 543-557
Author(s):  
M. HERRID ◽  
S. K. A. PALANISAMY ◽  
U. A. CILLER ◽  
R. FAN ◽  
P. MOENS ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Biological Fluids ◽  
Reproductive Function ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Immunoglobulin Superfamily ◽  
Recent Experimental Data ◽  
Fed State ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Body Energy

The hormone leptin, which is thought to be primarily produced by adipose tissue, is a polypeptide that was initially characterized by its ability to regulate food intake and energy metabolism. Leptin appears to signal the status of body energy stores to the brain, resulting in the regulation of food intake and whole-body energy expenditure. Subsequently, it was recognized as a cytokine with a wide range of peripheral actions and is involved in the regulation of a number of physiological systems including reproduction. In the fed state, leptin circulates in the plasma in proportion to body adiposity in all species studied to date. However other factors such as sex, age, body mass index (BMI), sex steroids and pregnancy may also affect leptin levels in plasma. In pregnant mice and humans, the placenta is also a major site of leptin expression. Leptin circulates in biological fluids both as free protein and in a form that is bound to the soluble isoform of its receptor or other binding proteins such as one of the immunoglobulin superfamily members Siglec-6 (OB-BP1). Although the actions of leptin in the control of reproductive function are thought to be exerted mainly via the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis, there have also been reports of local direct effects of leptin at the peripheral level, however, these data appear contradictory. Therefore, there is a need to summarize the current status of research outcomes and analyze the possible reasons for differing results and thus provide researchers with new insight in designing experiments to investigate leptin effect on reproduction. Most importantly, our recent experimental data suggesting that reproductive performance is improved by decreasing concentrations of peripheral leptin was unexpected and cannot be explained by hypotheses drawn from the experiments of excessive exogenous leptin administration to normal animals or ob/ob mice.

scholarly journals Central infusion of GLP-1, but not leptin, produces conditioned taste aversions in rats

1997 ◽  
Vol 272 (2) ◽  
pp. R726-R730 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. E. Thiele ◽  
G. Van Dijk ◽  
L. A. Campfield ◽  
F. J. Smith ◽  
P. Burn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Side Effects ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Consummatory Behavior ◽  
Central Administration ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Nonspecific Effects ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide ◽  
Glucagon Like Peptide 1 ◽  
Ob Protein

Leptin (ob protein) and glucagon-like peptide-1-(7-36) amide (GLP-1) are peptides recently proposed to be involved in the regulation of food intake. Although the ability of exogenous leptin and GLP-1 to modulate consummatory behavior is consistent with the suggestion that these peptides are endogenous regulatory agents, central administration of these peptides may have aversive side effects, which could explain the anorexia. In the present experiment, exposure to a saccharine taste was immediately followed by central administration of leptin or GLP-1 to determine if these drugs could produce a conditioned taste aversion (CTA) in rats. At doses equated for producing comparable reductions in short-term food intake, GLP-1, but not leptin, generated a robust CTA. Although leptin caused no aversion, this peptide was the only drug to cause relatively long-term reductions in food consumption (16 h) and body weight (24 h). Hence, the results indicate that central GLP-1 produces aversive side effects, and it is argued that these nonspecific effects may explain the anorectic actions of GLP-1.

Fluoxetine exposure disrupts food intake and energy storage in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus (Teleostei, Cichliformes)

Chemosphere ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 238 ◽  
pp. 124609 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luciana S. Dorelle ◽  
Rodrigo H. Da Cuña ◽  
Daniela E. Sganga ◽  
Graciela Rey Vázquez ◽  
Laura López Greco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Storage ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Cichlid Fish

Mode of action of OB protein (leptin) on feeding

1998 ◽  
Vol 275 (1) ◽  
pp. R174-R179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark C. Flynn ◽  
Thomas R. Scott ◽  
Thomas C. Pritchard ◽  
Carlos R. Plata-Salamán
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Feeding Rate ◽  
Meal Size ◽  
Meal Frequency ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Intracerebroventricular Administration ◽  
Ad Libitum ◽  
Ob Protein ◽  
Dose Dependent

OB protein (leptin) decreases food intake in a variety of species. Here we investigated the effects of the intracerebroventricular administration of recombinant murine OB protein on food consumption and meal parameters in Wistar rats maintained ad libitum. The intracerebroventricular administration of OB protein (0.56–3.5 μg/rat) decreased feeding in a dose-dependent manner. Computer analysis of meal parameters demonstrated that OB protein (3.5 μg/rat, n = 10) decreased nighttime meal size by 42%, whereas meal frequency and meal duration were unaffected. Derived analyses for the nighttime also showed that OB protein decreased the feeding rate (meal size/meal duration) by 30%, whereas the satiety ratio (intermeal intervals/meal size) increased by 100%. A similar profile was observed during the daytime and total daily periods. The intracerebroventricular administration of heat-inactivated OB protein (3.5 μg/rat, n = 10) had no effect on any meal parameter. The results show that OB protein administered intracerebroventricularly inhibits feeding through a specific reduction of meal size.

scholarly journals Decreased food intake does not completely account for adiposity reduction after ob protein infusion.

1996 ◽  
Vol 93 (4) ◽  
pp. 1726-1730 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Levin ◽  
C. Nelson ◽  
A. Gurney ◽  
R. Vandlen ◽  
F. de Sauvage
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Ob Protein

Genetic evaluation of dairy bulls for energy balance traits using random regression

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Coffey ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
S. Brotherstone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Energy

AbstractCurrent selection objectives for dairy cattle breeding may be favouring cows that are genetically predisposed to mobilize body tissue. This may have consequences for fertility since cows may resume reproductive activity only once the nadir of negative energy balance (NEB) has passed. In this study, we repeatedly measured food intake, live weight, milk yield and condition score of Holstein cattle in their first lactation. They were given either a high concentrate or low concentrate diet and were either selected or control animals for genetic merit for kg milk fat plus milk protein. Orthogonal polynomials were used to model each trait over time and random regression techniques allowed curves to vary between animals at both the genetic and the permanent environmental levels. Breeding values for bulls were calculated for each trait for each day of lactation. Estimates of genetic merit for energy balance were calculated from combined breeding values for either (1) food intake and milk yield output, or (2) live weight and condition-score changes.When estimated from daily fluxes of energy calculated from food intake and milk output, the average genetic merit of bulls for energy balance was approximately -15 MJ/day in early lactation. It became positive at about day 40 and rose to +18 MJ/day at approximately day 150. When estimated from body energy state changes the NEB in early lactation was also -15 MJ/day. It became positive at about day 80 and then rose to a peak of +10 MJ/day. The difference between the two methods may arise either because of the contribution of food wastage to intake measures or through inadequate predictions of body lipid from equations using live weight and condition score or a combination of both. Body energy mobilized in early lactation was not fully recovered until day 200 of lactation. The results suggest that energy balance may be estimated from changes in body energy state that can be calculated from body weight and condition score. Since body weight can be predicted from linear type measures, it may be possible to calculate breeding values for energy balance from national evaluations for production and type. Energy balance may be more suitable as a breeding objective than persistency.

scholarly journals Reduction of Food Intake and Weight Gain by the ob Protein Requires a Specific Secondary Structure and Is Reversible

1996 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
Klaus Giese ◽  
Wendy J. Fantl ◽  
Charles Vitt ◽  
James C. Stephans ◽  
Lawrence Cousens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Secondary Structure ◽  
Ob Protein

Whole body energy expenditure and fuel oxidation after 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol administration

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (1) ◽  
pp. R299-R302 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. R. Park ◽  
R. J. Seeley ◽  
L. Benthem ◽  
M. I. Friedman ◽  
S. C. Woods
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Ketone Bodies ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Acid Oxidation ◽  
Metabolic Variables ◽  
Continued Use ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Lines Of Evidence

The fructose analogue 2,5-anhydro-D-mannitol (2,5-AM) increases food intake in nondeprived rats. Several lines of evidence indicate that vagal signals arising from the liver are critical for this effect. In addition, 2,5-AM decreases plasma glucose and increases lipolysis, resulting in an increase in plasma free fatty acids and ketone bodies. In these respects 2,5-AM produces a state analogous to that observed after food deprivation. Using an indirect calorimeter, we determined that 2,5-AM (300 mg/kg ip) causes a potent and long-lasting decrease in respiratory quotient, indicating a decrease in the fraction of total energy derived from carbohydrate oxidation and an increase in the fraction derived from fatty acid oxidation. These metabolic variables were altered without affecting total metabolic rate. This dose of analogue also stimulated significantly greater food intake than injections of vehicle. These results support the continued use of 2,5-AM as a tool to probe the metabolic controls of food intake.

Influence of food intake timing on daily variations of leptin and other metabolic variables in nzw rabbits

2002 ◽  
Vol 2002 ◽  
pp. 100-100
Author(s):  
F. Rosi ◽  
D. Magistrelli ◽  
F. Vitrani
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Homeostasis ◽  
Peptide Hormone ◽  
The Status ◽  
Influence Of Food ◽  
Metabolic Variables ◽  
Plasma Leptin ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Brain

The 16kDa peptide hormone leptin is an adipose tissue-derived regulator of food intake and energy homeostasis, and a signal of the status of body energy stores to the brain. Plasma levels of leptin reflect body fat mass in humans, rodents and ruminants (Houseknecht et al., 1998; Delavaud et al., 2000). The aim of this study was to investigate circadian rhythms of plasma leptin and other metabolic variables in rabbits, to assess the influence of the timing of food intake and to investigate the relationship between leptin and lipid metabolites.

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