Body energy balance and food intake: a neuroendocrine regulatory mechanism

1983 ◽  
Vol 63 (1) ◽  
pp. 314-386 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Le Magnen
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Regulatory Mechanism ◽  
Body Energy

Genetic evaluation of dairy bulls for energy balance traits using random regression

2001 ◽  
Vol 73 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. P. Coffey ◽  
G. C. Emmans ◽  
S. Brotherstone
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy State ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Random Regression ◽  
Early Lactation ◽  
Breeding Values ◽  
Genetic Merit ◽  
Condition Score ◽  
Body Energy

AbstractCurrent selection objectives for dairy cattle breeding may be favouring cows that are genetically predisposed to mobilize body tissue. This may have consequences for fertility since cows may resume reproductive activity only once the nadir of negative energy balance (NEB) has passed. In this study, we repeatedly measured food intake, live weight, milk yield and condition score of Holstein cattle in their first lactation. They were given either a high concentrate or low concentrate diet and were either selected or control animals for genetic merit for kg milk fat plus milk protein. Orthogonal polynomials were used to model each trait over time and random regression techniques allowed curves to vary between animals at both the genetic and the permanent environmental levels. Breeding values for bulls were calculated for each trait for each day of lactation. Estimates of genetic merit for energy balance were calculated from combined breeding values for either (1) food intake and milk yield output, or (2) live weight and condition-score changes.When estimated from daily fluxes of energy calculated from food intake and milk output, the average genetic merit of bulls for energy balance was approximately -15 MJ/day in early lactation. It became positive at about day 40 and rose to +18 MJ/day at approximately day 150. When estimated from body energy state changes the NEB in early lactation was also -15 MJ/day. It became positive at about day 80 and then rose to a peak of +10 MJ/day. The difference between the two methods may arise either because of the contribution of food wastage to intake measures or through inadequate predictions of body lipid from equations using live weight and condition score or a combination of both. Body energy mobilized in early lactation was not fully recovered until day 200 of lactation. The results suggest that energy balance may be estimated from changes in body energy state that can be calculated from body weight and condition score. Since body weight can be predicted from linear type measures, it may be possible to calculate breeding values for energy balance from national evaluations for production and type. Energy balance may be more suitable as a breeding objective than persistency.

Reproductive rhythm and litter weaning age as they affect rabbit doe performance and body energy balance

2005 ◽  
Vol 81 (2) ◽  
pp. 289-296 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Xiccato ◽  
A. Trocino ◽  
C. Boiti ◽  
G. Brecchia
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Post Partum ◽  
Water Concentration ◽  
Body Water ◽  
Dry Period ◽  
Body Protein ◽  
Weaning Age ◽  
Mating Interval ◽  
Body Energy

Abstract One hundred and twenty multiparous does were synchronized to give birth the same day (initial kindling). The trial lasted until the successive (final) kindling. Immediately following initial kindling, 22 does were selected for comparative slaughter. The remaining does were assigned to three reproductive rhythms and mated 2 (R2), 11 (R11) or 26 (R26) days post partum. Within each rhythm, the does were further divided into two groups with litters weaned at 21 (W21) or 25 (W25) days of age. A total of 54 does were pregnant and were slaughtered soon after final kindling. By increasing the kindling-to-mating interval from 2 to 26 days, total milk production was increased (5590 to 6065 g for R2 and R26, respectively;P< 0·05); voluntary food intake during lactation was not affected (356 g/day on average), but during the dry period was reduced (182 to 169 g/day;P< 0·05) in this way accounting for a decrease during the experimental period on the whole (299 to 249 g/day;P< 0·01). At the final kindling, the number of kits born per litter was lower in does submitted to the R11 than to the R26 rhythm (P< 0·01). By increasing the kindling-to-mating interval, doe body water concentration decreased, while fat and energy increased (P< 0·01) and higher empty body gain was recorded (from −123 to −4, and to +97 g, in R2, R11 and R26 does, respectively;P< 0·001). As a result, body protein, fat and energy balances changed from negative values to approach equilibrium as reproductive rhythm became extensive (energy balance: −0·14, −0·02 and +0·01 of the initial body content in R2, R11 and R26 does, respectively;P< 0·001). At 28 days after kindling, blood leptin concentration was higher (P< 0·01) and IGF-1 lower (P< 0·05) in R26 does. Daily food intake throughout the experiment was lower (P< 0·05) in W21 does due to the longer dry period. Increasing weaning age from 21 to 25 days increased both number of kits born alive per litter (from 7·4 to 9·6;P< 0·05) and doe body water concentration, while body energy tended to decrease (P< 0·1). At 28 days after kindling lower blood leptin concentration was recorded in W21 than W25 does (1·87 v. 2·76 μg/l,P< 0·05).

Effects of selected antidepressants on food intake and body energy balance in rats

Appetite ◽  
1989 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 197
Author(s):  
G. Bautz ◽  
N. Spirt ◽  
D. Citerone ◽  
L.A. Campfield
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Body Energy

Lesion of central nucleus of amygdala promotes fat gain without preventing effect of exercise on energy balance

1995 ◽  
Vol 269 (4) ◽  
pp. R781-R786 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Bovetto ◽  
D. Richard
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Energy Deposition ◽  
Treadmill Running ◽  
Central Nucleus ◽  
Exercise Training Program ◽  
Balance Exercise ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Body Energy ◽  
Intact Rats

Male Wistar rats with intact or lesioned central nucleus of amygdala (CeA) were kept at rest or subjected to a treadmill running program for 21 consecutive days. Food intake and body weight were monitored throughout the exercise training program. At the end of the program, rats were killed and their carcasses processed for analysis of the contents in energy, fat, and protein. Exercise and CeA lesions induced opposite effects on energy balance; exercise delayed gains in body energy and fat, whereas CeA lesions promoted them. Total energy intake was lower in exercised rats than in sedentary ones over the 12 and 24 h that followed exercise. Food intake was higher in lesioned rats than in intact animals over the second half of the 12-h period that followed exercise. There was no interaction effect of exercise and CeA lesions on energy balance and intake and on body composition. Plasma levels of adrenocorticotropin hormone and corticosterone were higher in exercised rats than in sedentary ones, but there was no difference between lesioned and intact rats. This study, as well as confirming the effect of exercise on energy balance, indicates that CeA lesions may promote energy deposition in rats. Above all the present results provide evidence that CeA does not represent a necessary neuroanatomic structure in the effect of exercise on energy balance.

196-LB: Synergetic and Distinct Roles in the Control of Food Intake and Energy Balance for Subpopulations of NTS Neurons

Diabetes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 196-LB
Author(s):  
WENWEN C. CHENG ◽  
ERMELINDA NDOKA ◽  
BASMA MAERZ ◽  
KAREN J. ROELOFS ◽  
CHRISTOPHER J. RHODES ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake

Regulation of energy balance and controls of food intake in humans

Appetite ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theresa A. Spiegel
Keyword(s):  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake

Secretin as a satiation whisperer with the potential to turn into an obesity-curbing knight

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katharina Schnabl ◽  
Yongguo Li ◽  
Mueez U-Din ◽  
Martin Klingenspor
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Food Intake ◽  
Weight Control ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Physiological Mechanism ◽  
Gut Hormones ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Abstract The obesity pandemic requires effective preventative and therapeutic intervention strategies. Successful and sustained obesity treatment is currently limited to bariatric surgery. Modulating the release of gut hormones is considered promising to mimic bariatric surgery with its beneficial effects on food intake, body weight and blood glucose levels. The gut peptide secretin was the first molecule to be termed a hormone; nevertheless, it only recently has been established as a legitimate anorexigenic peptide. In contrast to gut hormones that crosstalk with the brain either directly or by afferent neuronal projections, secretin mediates meal-associated brown fat thermogenesis to induce meal termination, thereby qualifying this physiological mechanism as an attractive, peripheral target for the treatment of obesity. In this perspective, it is of pivotal interest to deepen our yet superficial knowledge on the physiological roles of secretin as well as meal-associated thermogenesis in energy balance and body weight regulation. Of note, the emerging differences between meal-associated thermogenesis and cold-induced thermogenesis must be taken into account. In fact, there is no correlation between these two entities. In addition, the investigation of potential effects of secretin in hedonic-driven food intake, bariatric surgery as well as chronic treatment using suitable application strategies to overcome pharmacokinetic limitations will provide further insight into its potential to influence energy balance. The aim of this article is to review the facts on secretin’s metabolic effects, address prevailing gaps in our knowledge, and provide an overview on the opportunities and challenges of the therapeutic potential of secretin in body weight control.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document