Biliary and Total Extrarenal Clearance of Inulin and Iohexol in Pigs

Nephron ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 91 (2) ◽  
pp. 300-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. van Westen ◽  
T. Almén ◽  
Chun-ming Chai ◽  
B. Frennby ◽  
S. Månsson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extrarenal Clearance

A Brief Presentation of the Characteristics of Hemodialysis Membranes

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (3) ◽  
pp. 332-334 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andra Elena Balcangiu Stroescu ◽  
Maria Daniela Tanasescu ◽  
Alexandru Diaconescu ◽  
Laura Raducu ◽  
Daniela Gabriela Balan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Rapid Progression ◽  
Extrarenal Clearance ◽  
Short Presentation ◽  
Clearance Methods

The survival of CKD patients has known significant improvement with the appearance of extrarenal clearance methods. Being a domain in a rapid progression, the hemodialysis membranes have been, in time, one of the key modifying points. In this paper will make a short presentation of the features of hemodialysis membranes and will point out aspects which need future research.

Renal and extrarenal clearance of99mTc-MAG3: A comparison with125I-OIH and51Cr-EDTA in patients representing all levels of glomerular filtration rate

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (12) ◽  
pp. 1379-1384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael Rehling ◽  
Bente V. Nielsen ◽  
Erling B. Pedersen ◽  
Lene E. Nielsen ◽  
Hans E. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Extrarenal Clearance

scholarly journals Decreased extrarenal clearance of cefoperazone in hepatocellular diseases.

1981 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
B Cochet ◽  
J Belaieff ◽  
AF Allaz ◽  
M Rudhardt ◽  
L Balant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Extrarenal Clearance

scholarly journals AN ESTIMATION OF THE RENAL AND EXTRARENAL CLEARANCE OF RADIOIODINE IN MAN

1951 ◽  
Vol 30 (7) ◽  
pp. 778-780 ◽  
Author(s):  
William M. McConahey ◽  
F. Raymond Keating ◽  
Marschelle H. Power
Keyword(s):  
Extrarenal Clearance

Drawbacks of the constant-infusion technique for measurement of renal function

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (4) ◽  
pp. F543-F552 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. Van Acker ◽  
G. C. Koomen ◽  
L. Arisz
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Steady State ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Constant Infusion ◽  
Urinary Recovery ◽  
Infusion Method ◽  
Pah Clearance ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Infusion Technique ◽  
Extrarenal Clearance

We investigated the validity of the steady-state constant infusion method (CIM), in which quantitative urinary recovery and constant plasma concentrations of the solute infused are required. Successive 3-h clearances of inulin and p-aminohippuric acid (PAH) were determined for 27 h in 25 patients with renal disease. Results were compared with the standard method of bladder clearance (StM) and with a modified CIM (ModCIM). The 24-h urinary recovery was incomplete for both inulin and PAH. Mean 24-h ModCIM inulin clearance overestimated StM by 4.5 ml.min-1 x 1.73 m-2 (range 0–9, P < 0.001) independent of the extent of renal impairment and pointed to slow distribution and/or extrarenal clearance of inulin. For PAH, the difference between ModCIM and StM clearance was related to the average PAH clearance by ModCIM and StM (r = 0.78). Furthermore, neither plasma inulin nor PAH became completely constant, because of the circadian rhythm in renal function. In conclusion, the conditions of the steady-state CIM technique are not fulfilled, and the method is not suitable for accurate measurement of inulin and PAH clearance, especially when the clearance is low.

10. Renal and extrarenal clearance of 99Tcm-MAG3, 125I-OIH and 51Cr-EDTA in patients with normal and insufficient renal function

1995 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 413
Author(s):  
M. Rehling ◽  
B. V. Nielsen ◽  
E. B. Pedersen ◽  
L. E. Nielsen ◽  
H. E. Hansen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
51Cr Edta ◽  
Extrarenal Clearance

scholarly journals Generation of a New Cystatin C–Based Estimating Equation for Glomerular Filtration Rate by Use of 7 Assays Standardized to the International Calibrator

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (7) ◽  
pp. 974-986 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anders Grubb ◽  
Masaru Horio ◽  
Lars-Olof Hansson ◽  
Jonas Björk ◽  
Ulf Nyman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glomerular Filtration Rate ◽  
Small Molecules ◽  
Glomerular Filtration ◽  
Cystatin C ◽  
Filtration Rate ◽  
Clinical Laboratory ◽  
Estimating Equation ◽  
High Agreement ◽  
Laboratory Investigations ◽  
Extrarenal Clearance

Abstract BACKGROUND Many different cystatin C–based equations exist for estimating glomerular filtration rate. Major reasons for this are the previous lack of an international cystatin C calibrator and the nonequivalence of results from different cystatin C assays. METHODS Use of the recently introduced certified reference material, ERM-DA471/IFCC, and further work to achieve high agreement and equivalence of 7 commercially available cystatin C assays allowed a substantial decrease of the CV of the assays, as defined by their performance in an external quality assessment for clinical laboratory investigations. By use of 2 of these assays and a population of 4690 subjects, with large subpopulations of children and Asian and Caucasian adults, with their GFR determined by either renal or plasma inulin clearance or plasma iohexol clearance, we attempted to produce a virtually assay-independent simple cystatin C–based equation for estimation of GFR. RESULTS We developed a simple cystatin C–based equation for estimation of GFR comprising only 2 variables, cystatin C concentration and age. No terms for race and sex are required for optimal diagnostic performance. The equation, eGFR=130×cystatin C−1.069×age−0.117−7, is also biologically oriented, with 1 term for the theoretical renal clearance of small molecules and 1 constant for extrarenal clearance of cystatin C. CONCLUSIONS A virtually assay-independent simple cystatin C–based and biologically oriented equation for estimation of GFR, without terms for sex and race, was produced.

scholarly journals The Kidney and Homocysteine Metabolism

2001 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 2181-2189 ◽  
Author(s):  
ALLON N. FRIEDMAN ◽  
ANDREW G. BOSTOM ◽  
JACOB SELHUB ◽  
ANDREW S. LEVEY ◽  
IRWIN H. ROSENBERG
Keyword(s):  
Renal Disease ◽  
Renal Clearance ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
Methionine Metabolism ◽  
Normal Kidney ◽  
Plasma Flux ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Acid Clearance ◽  
Extrarenal Clearance ◽  
Uptake Mechanisms

Abstract. Homocysteine (Hcy) is an intermediate of methionine metabolism that, at elevated levels, is an independent risk factor for vascular disease and atherothrombosis. Patients with renal disease, who exhibit unusually high rates of cardiovascular morbidity and death, tend to be hyperhomocysteinemic, particularly as renal function declines. This observation and the inverse relationship between Hcy levels and GFR implicate the kidney as an important participant in Hcy handling. The normal kidney plays a major role in plasma amino acid clearance and metabolism. The existence in the kidney of specific Hcy uptake mechanisms and Hcy-metabolizing enzymes suggests that this role extends to Hcy. Dietary protein intake may affect renal Hcy handling and should be considered when measuring Hcy plasma flux and renal clearance. The underlying cause of hyperhomocysteinemia in renal disease is not entirely understood but seems to involve reduced clearance of plasma Hcy. This reduction may be attributable to defective renal clearance and/or extrarenal clearance and metabolism, the latter possibly resulting from retained uremic inhibitory substances. Although the currently available evidence is not conclusive, it seems more likely that a reduction in renal Hcy clearance and metabolism is the cause of the hyperhomocysteinemic state. Efforts to resolve this important issue will advance the search for effective Hcy-lowering therapies in patients with renal disease.

scholarly journals Enteric Oxalate Secretion Mediated by Slc26a6 Defends against Hyperoxalemia in Murine Models of Chronic Kidney Disease

2020 ◽  
Vol 31 (9) ◽  
pp. 1987-1995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura I. Neumeier ◽  
Robert B. Thomson ◽  
Martin Reichel ◽  
Kai-Uwe Eckardt ◽  
Peter S. Aronson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Burden ◽  
Kidney Injury ◽  
The Body ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Wild Type ◽  
Oxalate Secretion ◽  
Mrna And Protein Expression ◽  
Oxalate Transporters ◽  
Transporter Expression ◽  
Extrarenal Clearance

BackgroundA state of oxalate homeostasis is maintained in patients with healthy kidney function. However, as GFR declines, plasma oxalate (Pox) concentrations start to rise. Several groups of researchers have described augmentation of oxalate secretion in the colon in models of CKD, but the oxalate transporters remain unidentified. The oxalate transporter Slc26a6 is a candidate for contributing to the extrarenal clearance of oxalate via the gut in CKD.MethodsFeeding a diet high in soluble oxalate or weekly injections of aristolochic acid induced CKD in age- and sex-matched wild-type and Slc26a6−/− mice. qPCR, immunohistochemistry, and western blot analysis assessed intestinal Slc26a6 expression. An oxalate oxidase assay measured fecal and Pox concentrations.ResultsFecal oxalate excretion was enhanced in wild-type mice with CKD. This increase was abrogated in Slc26a6−/− mice associated with a significant elevation in plasma oxalate concentration. Slc26a6 mRNA and protein expression were greatly increased in the intestine of mice with CKD. Raising Pox without inducing kidney injury did not alter intestinal Slc26a6 expression, suggesting that changes associated with CKD regulate transporter expression rather than elevations in Pox.ConclusionsSlc26a6-mediated enteric oxalate secretion is critical in decreasing the body burden of oxalate in murine CKD models. Future studies are needed to address whether similar mechanisms contribute to intestinal oxalate elimination in humans to enhance extrarenal oxalate clearance.

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