Spontaneous Pointing Behaviour in the Wild Pygmy Chimpanzee (Pan paniscus)

1998 ◽  
Vol 69 (5) ◽  
pp. 289-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joaquim Veà ◽  
Jordi Sabater-Pi
Keyword(s):  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Pygmy Chimpanzee ◽  
In The Wild

A comparative assessment of handedness and its potential neuroanatomical correlates in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) and bonobos (Pan paniscus)

Behaviour ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 152 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 461-492 ◽  
Author(s):  
William D. Hopkins ◽  
Jennifer Schaeffer ◽  
Jamie L. Russell ◽  
Stephanie L. Bogart ◽  
Adrien Meguerditchian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tool Use ◽  
Vocal Communication ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Population Level ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Human Right ◽  
Evolutionary Origins ◽  
Bimanual Actions ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Hand Area

The evolutionary origins of human right-handedness remain poorly understood. Some have hypothesized that tool use served as an important preadaptation for the eventual evolution of population-level right-handedness. In contrast, others have suggested that complex gestural and vocal communication served as prerequisite for the evolution of human right-handedness. In this study, we tested these competing hypotheses by comparing the handedness of bonobos and chimpanzees, two closely related species of Pan, on three different measures of hand use including simple reaching, manual gestures and coordinated bimanual actions. Chimpanzees are well known for their tool using abilities whereas bonobos rarely use tools in the wild. In contrast, many have suggested that bonobos have a more flexible gestural and vocal communication system than chimpanzees. The overall results showed that chimpanzees were significantly more right-handed than bonobos for all three measures suggesting that adaptations for tool use rather than communication may have led to the emergence of human right-handedness. We further show that species differences in handedness may be linked to variation in the size and asymmetry of the motor-hand area of the precentral gyrus. The results are discussed within the context of evolutionary theories of handedness, as well as some limitations in the approach to handedness measurement in nonhuman primates.

scholarly journals The presentation of a hepatitis C viral peptide by distinct major histocompatibility complex class I allotypes from two chimpanzee species.

1996 ◽  
Vol 183 (2) ◽  
pp. 663-668 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Cooper ◽  
H Kowalski ◽  
A L Erickson ◽  
K Arnett ◽  
A M Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Hepatitis C ◽  
Mhc Class I ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Class I ◽  
Major Histocompatibility ◽  
Pygmy Chimpanzee ◽  
Separate Species ◽  
Histocompatibility Complex ◽  
Mhc Class I Molecule

A cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) line, derived from the liver of a common chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) with hepatitis C, specifically recognized a hepatitis C viral 9-mer peptide (KHP-DATYSR in single-letter amino acid code) bound by the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class I molecule, Patr-A04. This same CTL line also recognized the identical peptide bound by a structurally different class I molecule, Papa-A06, derived from the separate chimpanzee species, Pan paniscus or pygmy chimpanzee. These class I allotypes differ by six amino acids but, in spite of the structural differences, share the same antigen-presenting function. This is the first observation of antigen presentation to a given T cell receptor by different MHC class I allotypes from separate species.

scholarly journals Potential zoonotic pathogens hosted by endangered bonobos

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hacène Medkour ◽  
Sergei Castaneda ◽  
Inestin Amona ◽  
Florence Fenollar ◽  
Claudine André ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Taenia Solium ◽  
Strongyloides Stercoralis ◽  
Infectious Agents ◽  
Screening Study ◽  
Specific Pathogen ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Republic Of The Congo ◽  
Stool Samples ◽  
Zoonotic Parasites

AbstractFew publications, often limited to one specific pathogen, have studied bonobos (Pan paniscus), our closest living relatives, as possible reservoirs of certain human infectious agents. Here, 91 stool samples from semicaptive bonobos and bonobos reintroduced in the wild, in the Democratic Republic of the Congo, were screened for different infectious agents: viruses, bacteria and parasites. We showed the presence of potentially zoonotic viral, bacterial or parasitic agents in stool samples, sometimes coinfecting the same individuals. A high prevalence of Human mastadenoviruses (HAdV-C, HAdV-B, HAdV-E) was observed. Encephalomyocarditis viruses were identified in semicaptive bonobos, although identified genotypes were different from those identified in the previous fatal myocarditis epidemic at the same site in 2009. Non-pallidum Treponema spp. including symbiotic T. succinifaciens, T. berlinense and several potential new species with unknown pathogenicity were identified. We detected DNA of non-tuberculosis Mycobacterium spp., Acinetobacter spp., Salmonella spp. as well as pathogenic Leptospira interrogans. Zoonotic parasites such as Taenia solium and Strongyloides stercoralis were predominantly present in wild bonobos, while Giardia lamblia was found only in bonobos in contact with humans, suggesting a possible exchange. One third of bonobos carried Oesophagostomum spp., particularly zoonotic O. stephanostomum and O. bifurcum-like species, as well as other uncharacterized Nematoda. Trypanosoma theileri has been identified in semicaptive bonobos. Pathogens typically known to be transmitted sexually were not identified. We present here the results of a reasonably-sized screening study detecting DNA/RNA sequence evidence of potentially pathogenic viruses and microorganisms in bonobo based on a noninvasive sampling method (feces) and focused PCR diagnostics.

scholarly journals Communication styles in bonobos and chimpanzees: Same same but different?

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marlen Fröhlich ◽  
Paul H Kuchenbuch ◽  
Gudrun Müller ◽  
Barbara Fruth ◽  
Takeshi Furuichi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pan Troglodytes ◽  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Quantitative Comparison ◽  
Communication Styles ◽  
Special Focus ◽  
Communicative Behavior ◽  
Temporal Relationships ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Communicative Abilities ◽  
Species Variability

Comparative studies in relation to language origins have mainly focused on our closest living relatives, bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Direct comparisons however are still lacking and/or concerned individuals living in captive environments only. Here, we carried out a systematic, quantitative comparison of communicative abilities of bonobos and chimpanzees living in four different communities in the wild with a special focus on within- and between-species variability. The analyses focused on communicative exchanges between mother-infant dyads to initiate joint travel. The communicative behavior of twelve bonobo (LuiKotale, Wamba; DRC) and thirteen chimpanzee mother-infant dyads (Taï South, Côte d’Ivoire; Kanyawara, Uganda) was filmed during a total of 1033 (bonobos) and 1189 (chimpanzees) hours of observation. We analyzed ‘signal-response’ structures (e.g. response waiting, gestural sequences, temporal relationships) in 316 bonobo and 415 chimpanzee carry initiations, while taking into account dyadic role, infant age and site. Differences in behavior could not be attributed to within-species variability. Bonobos solicited carries more frequently from shorter distances and via coordinated responses. Chimpanzees used a higher frequency of response waiting and sequences, showing overall more persistence. Our findings suggest that interactional intelligence paved the way to language with communication styles being influenced by social matrices.

Anatomy and Systematic Significance of the Penis of the Pygmy Chimpanzee, Pan paniscus

1981 ◽  
Vol 35 (2-3) ◽  
pp. 218-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert J. Izor ◽  
Sandra L. Walchuk ◽  
Laurie Wilkins
Keyword(s):  
Pan Paniscus ◽  
Pygmy Chimpanzee ◽  
Systematic Significance
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