scholarly journals Simulating Epitaxial Textures

1995 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 249-256
Author(s):  
Francis Wagner ◽  
Laurence Lamm ◽  
Didier Deparis
Keyword(s):  
Surface State ◽  
Selection Rules ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Polycrystalline Substrate ◽  
The Way ◽  
Zinc Deposits

The way of calculating the texture of a polycrystalline deposit over a polycrystalline substrate is considered in this paper. The proposed procedure consists in taking into account the epitaxial relationships and in defining some kind of selection rules according to the assumed crystallographic surface state of the substrate. To illustrate the interest of such a procedure, textures are calculated under various conditions and compared with ‘experimental’ textures for electrodeposited zinc deposits over steel sheets.

scholarly journals Effects of Ti and Mn Addition on the Surface State and Phosphatability of Cold Rolled Steel Sheets

1991 ◽  
Vol 77 (3) ◽  
pp. 398-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noriaki USUKI ◽  
Akito SAKOTA ◽  
Shigeru WAKANO ◽  
Minoru NISHIHARA
Keyword(s):  
Surface State ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Cold Rolled Steel ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Cold Rolled

Contributing human and organizational factors to the collapse of the FC Twente stadium roof

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karel Terwel
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Factors ◽  
Construction Sequence ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Roof Structure ◽  
Human And Organizational Factors ◽  
The City ◽  
Steel Roof ◽  
The Way

<p>In 2011 the city of Enschede was shocked by the collapse of the roof of an extension for the FC Twente stadium. The structure collapsed during construction and two fatalities and nine injuries were recorded. The cantilevering steel roof structure was covered with corrugated steel sheets and stabilized by bracings. Investigation showed that the structure was already loaded with the finishing structure before it was completed and stabilized. Contributing influencing human and organizational factors to the incident were the tight schedule resulting in a flawed construction sequence. Furthermore, there was too little attention to the way of execution during design, unjustified trust between parties resulting in inadequate coordination, checking and allocation of responsibilities.</p>

scholarly journals Effects of the Surface State on Phosphatability for High Strength Cold-Rolled Steel Sheets

2015 ◽  
Vol 66 (8) ◽  
pp. 372-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroyuki MASUOKA ◽  
Shunsuke YAMAMOTO ◽  
Shoichiro TAIRA ◽  
Satoru ANDO ◽  
Naoto YOSHIMI
Keyword(s):  
Surface State ◽  
High Strength ◽  
Rolled Steel ◽  
Cold Rolled Steel ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Cold Rolled

scholarly journals Influence of steel sheets surface state on evaluation of cadmium coatings in salt spray

2014 ◽  
Vol 58 (2) ◽  
pp. 48-51
Author(s):  
A. Faltýnková ◽  
M. Hruška ◽  
J. Kudláček
Keyword(s):  
Surface State ◽  
Salt Spray ◽  
Neutral Salt ◽  
Corrosion Attack ◽  
Surface Pretreatment ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Cadmium Plating ◽  
Metal Sheets ◽  
The Status ◽  
Steel Panels

Abstract The work is focused on the evaluation of cadmium layer corrosion according to Boeing specification and how is the status of the underlying material influenced by the corrosion. Plating was applied on the steel panels (type 4130). These metal sheets were partially corroded, therefore there were chosen various surface pretreatment, which removed the corrosion attack and subsequently cadmium plating was carried out. Corrosion neutral salt spray test for 336 hours was done according to ASTM B117.

Self-sacrifice for in-group's history: A diachronic perspective

2018 ◽  
Vol 41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Babińska ◽  
Michal Bilewicz
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Psychology ◽  
Historical Events ◽  
Emotional Events ◽  
Reciprocal Process ◽  
The Way

AbstractThe problem of extended fusion and identification can be approached from a diachronic perspective. Based on our own research, as well as findings from the fields of social, political, and clinical psychology, we argue that the way contemporary emotional events shape local fusion is similar to the way in which historical experiences shape extended fusion. We propose a reciprocal process in which historical events shape contemporary identities, whereas contemporary identities shape interpretations of past traumas.

What is the purpose of cognition?

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aba Szollosi ◽  
Ben R. Newell
Keyword(s):  
Infinite Number ◽  
Human Cognition ◽  
The Way

Abstract The purpose of human cognition depends on the problem people try to solve. Defining the purpose is difficult, because people seem capable of representing problems in an infinite number of ways. The way in which the function of cognition develops needs to be central to our theories.

Peculiarity Parameters

1976 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 233-254
Author(s):  
H. M. Maitzen
Keyword(s):  
Magnetic Field ◽  
Magnetic Fields ◽  
Theoretical Work ◽  
Observational Evidence ◽  
Rotator Model ◽  
Peculiar Behaviour ◽  
Field Spectrum ◽  
Oblique Rotator ◽  
Ap Stars ◽  
The Way

Ap stars are peculiar in many aspects. During this century astronomers have been trying to collect data about these and have found a confusing variety of peculiar behaviour even from star to star that Struve stated in 1942 that at least we know that these phenomena are not supernatural. A real push to start deeper theoretical work on Ap stars was given by an additional observational evidence, namely the discovery of magnetic fields on these stars by Babcock (1947). This originated the concept that magnetic fields are the cause for spectroscopic and photometric peculiarities. Great leaps for the astronomical mankind were the Oblique Rotator model by Stibbs (1950) and Deutsch (1954), which by the way provided mathematical tools for the later handling pulsar geometries, anti the discovery of phase coincidence of the extrema of magnetic field, spectrum and photometric variations (e.g. Jarzebowski, 1960).

The mensuration of interfaces

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (1) ◽  
pp. 216-217
Author(s):  
W.M. Stobbs
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
50Th Anniversary ◽  
Numerical Data ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Dynamical Theory ◽  
Large Strains ◽  
Reasonable Approach ◽  
Lattice Resolution ◽  
Analogue To Digital ◽  
The Way

I do not have access to the abstracts of the first meeting of EMSA but at this, the 50th Anniversary meeting of the Electron Microscopy Society of America, I have an excuse to consider the historical origins of the approaches we take to the use of electron microscopy for the characterisation of materials. I have myself been actively involved in the use of TEM for the characterisation of heterogeneities for little more than half of that period. My own view is that it was between the 3rd International Meeting at London, and the 1956 Stockholm meeting, the first of the European series , that the foundations of the approaches we now take to the characterisation of a material using the TEM were laid down. (This was 10 years before I took dynamical theory to be etched in stone.) It was at the 1956 meeting that Menter showed lattice resolution images of sodium faujasite and Hirsch, Home and Whelan showed images of dislocations in the XlVth session on “metallography and other industrial applications”. I have always incidentally been delighted by the way the latter authors misinterpreted astonishingly clear thickness fringes in a beaten (”) foil of Al as being contrast due to “large strains”, an error which they corrected with admirable rapidity as the theory developed. At the London meeting the research described covered a broad range of approaches, including many that are only now being rediscovered as worth further effort: however such is the power of “the image” to persuade that the above two papers set trends which influence, perhaps too strongly, the approaches we take now. Menter was clear that the way the planes in his image tended to be curved was associated with the imaging conditions rather than with lattice strains, and yet it now seems to be common practice to assume that the dots in an “atomic resolution image” can faithfully represent the variations in atomic spacing at a localised defect. Even when the more reasonable approach is taken of matching the image details with a computed simulation for an assumed model, the non-uniqueness of the interpreted fit seems to be rather rarely appreciated. Hirsch et al., on the other hand, made a point of using their images to get numerical data on characteristics of the specimen they examined, such as its dislocation density, which would not be expected to be influenced by uncertainties in the contrast. Nonetheless the trends were set with microscope manufacturers producing higher and higher resolution microscopes, while the blind faith of the users in the image produced as being a near directly interpretable representation of reality seems to have increased rather than been generally questioned. But if we want to test structural models we need numbers and it is the analogue to digital conversion of the information in the image which is required.

Direct observation of Fe-Al-Zn ternary intermetallic compound and its transformation during the early stage of hot-dip galvanizing

1993 ◽  
Vol 51 ◽  
pp. 1116-1117
Author(s):  
C. S. Lin ◽  
W. A. Chiou ◽  
M. Meshii
Keyword(s):  
Intermetallic Compound ◽  
Reaction Rate ◽  
Diffusion Rate ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Zinc Bath ◽  
Steel Sheets ◽  
Direct Observations ◽  
Solid Iron ◽  
Iron And Zinc ◽  
Ternary Intermetallic Compound

The galvannealed steel sheets have received ever increased attention because of their excellent post-painting corrosion resistance and good weldability. However, its powdering and flaking tendency during press forming processes strongly impairs its performance. In order to optimize the properties of galvanneal coatings, it is critical to control the reaction rate between solid iron and molten zinc.In commercial galvannealing line, aluminum is added to zinc bath to retard the diffusion rate between iron and zinc by the formation of a thin layer of Al intermetallic compound on the surface of steel at initial hot-dip galvanizing. However, the form of this compound and its transformation are still speculated. In this paper, we report the direct observations of this compound and its transformation.The specimens were prepared in a hot-dip simulator in which the steel was galvanized in the zinc bath containing 0.14 wt% of Al at a temperature of 480 °C for 5 seconds and was quenched by liquid nitrogen.

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