scholarly journals Primary Intracranial Leiomyosarcoma: Report of a Case and Review of the Literature

Sarcoma ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 2006 ◽  
pp. 1-3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sakeer Hussain ◽  
Anil Nanda ◽  
Marjorie Fowler ◽  
Federico L. Ampil ◽  
Gary V. Burton
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Bony Destruction ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Pet Scans

A 26-year old man presented with a 3-month history of a progressively enlarging palpable parieto-occipital mass. A CT scan indicated the lesion arose from the dura with bony destruction. A stealth assisted craniotomy was performed with the provisional diagnosis of osteoblastic meningioma. Further histopathologic analysis of the intracranial mass was consistent with leiomyosarcoma. Staging evaluation, including CT and PET scans, demonstrated no other sites of disease. Despite complete surgical resection and radiotherapy to the resection site, the disease recurred locally and systematically 5 months later. Primary intracranial mesenchymal tumors are rare and few cases have been previously reported. Outcomes have been universally poor and current therapeutic approaches appear to have only limited benefit.

Primary facial nerve paraganglioma: report and review of the literature

2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (12) ◽  
pp. e237537
Author(s):  
Jonathan Austin Berry ◽  
Cherie Ann O Nathan ◽  
Ashley B Flowers ◽  
Gauri Mankekar
Keyword(s):  
Facial Nerve ◽  
Surgical Resection ◽  
Facial Paralysis ◽  
Clinical Importance ◽  
Mri Imaging ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Surveillance Imaging ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Ct And Mri

This report describes the diagnosis and treatment of a patient with a rare primary facial nerve paraganglioma as well as a review of the current literature. A 60-year-old male patient presented to our clinic with a 4-month history of left-sided progressive facial paralysis House-Brackmann V. Biopsy taken during facial nerve (FN) decompression confirmed the diagnosis of paraganglioma. The left FN was sacrificed during resection of the mass and a 12-7 jump graft, using the left greater auricular nerve, was performed with acceptable outcomes. The rarity of these tumours does not discount their clinical importance or the necessity to include them in the differential when presented with unilateral FN paralysis. Investigation should begin with CT and MRI imaging to identify and localise the potential mass. Histologic confirmation requires tissue. While surveillance imaging is occasionally an option, often complete surgical resection of the mass and sacrifice of the nerve is necessary.

Eddy Current Detection of Cancer in Surgically Excised Tissue

2011 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emily K. Sequin ◽  
Jennifer McFerran-Brock ◽  
Joseph West ◽  
Vish Subramaniam
Keyword(s):  
Ct Scan ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Presenting Symptoms ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Solid Malignancies ◽  
Diagnostic Biopsy ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
Excised Tissue ◽  
Current Detection ◽  
Pet Scans

In current clinical practice, a patient usually undergoes a diagnostic computer tomography (CT) scan for evaluation of specific presenting symptoms. The presence of cancer is then confirmed by a diagnostic biopsy or at surgical exploration by histopathologic analysis. Suspicious finding on the diagnostic CT scan may be followed by an 18F FDG (Fluorodeoxyglucose radiolabeled with 18F) positron emission tomography (PET) scan. In a majority of cases, these pre-operative CT and PET scans are used to identify the approximate location of the tumor(s) before surgical intervention. Surgery remains the most effective means of treating solid malignancies despite advances in chemotherapy and radiation therapy [1].

Neural Substrates of Violent Behaviour a Preliminary Study with Positron Emission Tomography

1987 ◽  
Vol 151 (5) ◽  
pp. 668-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora D. Volkow ◽  
Laurence Tancredi
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Psychiatric Patients ◽  
Neural Substrates ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Cortical Atrophy ◽  
Violent Behaviour ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pet Scans

Brain function was evaluated in four psychiatric patients with a history of repetitive purposeless violent behaviour, using EEG, CT scan, and positron emission tomography (PET). Three patients showed spiking activity in left temporal regions, and two showed CT scan abnormalities characterised by generalised cortical atrophy. The PET scans for the four cases showed evidence of blood flow and metabolic abnormalities in the left temporal lobe. Two patients also had derangement in the frontal cortex. The patients showing the largest defects with the PET scans were those whose CT scans were reported as normal. This paper shows the utility of PET in investigating possible brain derangements that could lead to violent behaviour.

scholarly journals Surgical Management of Pilocytic Astrocytoma of the Optic Nerve: A Case Report and Review of the Literature

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Ifeoluwa Apanisile ◽  
Tamás Karosi
Keyword(s):  
Optic Nerve ◽  
Residual Tumor ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Safe Procedure ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Tissue Mass ◽  
Long Time ◽  
History Of ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
The Right

Optic nerve astrocytomas (ONAs) are frequent types of optic nerve gliomas (ONGs), which can affect the visual pathway. An 18-year-old male patient was admitted to our department with right-sided intraorbital/retrobulbar swelling, which progressively grew over several months. Clinical examination showed right-sided diplopia, mydriasis, low visual acuity (0.4), exophthalmus (3 cm), epiphora, and severe retrobulbar pain. There was a family history of high-grade (IV) astrocytomas in which two of the family members died due to the disease. Preoperative MRI scan revealed a soft tissue mass around the retrobulbar area of the right eye with intact orbital bony walls. Surgery was performed whereby it was dissected freely from the muscles and was separated from the optic nerve and the globe. Histopathologic analysis confirmed a benign astrocytoma. The follow-up examination revealed no recurrent or residual tumor. A systemic review of the literature indicates that early diagnosis and experienced multidisciplinary management are required in case of unilateral, resectable forms of ONAs with no distant metastasis, in order to provide a long-time survival of patients. Surgical intervention of unilateral ONAs is a relatively safe procedure, allowing complete or partial tumor removal with minimal morbidity and low recurrence rate.

scholarly journals Pulmonary Hydatid Cysts and Tuberculosis in a Child – A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-105 ◽  
Author(s):  
T Begum ◽  
S Afroza ◽  
F Ahmed ◽  
AKM Razzaque ◽  
AA Kibria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pulmonary Tuberculosis ◽  
Hydatid Cyst ◽  
Ct Scan ◽  
Radiological Finding ◽  
Hydatid Cysts ◽  
Fluid Level ◽  
Provisional Diagnosis ◽  
Antitubercular Drugs ◽  
History Of ◽  
Pulmonary Hydatid Disease

A 7 years old male child presented with history of cough, fever, haemoptysis and chest pain for 2 years. On examination he was moderately pale and wasted. Respiratory system examination revealed features of consolidation in both lungs. His provisional diagnosis was pulmonary tuberculosis. TC was 1500/cumm ESR- 70mm in first hour, MT was negative and sputum for AFB was also negative. Radiological finding of chest revealed two large well defined dense opacities in both mid and lower zones of both lungs and there was no calcification or air fluid level. CT scan of chest showed large irregular enhancing mass lesion having air fluid level in right lower zone, well defined cystic lesions in both lungs, no calcification was seen. On the basis of xray and CT scan report we reviewed our diagnosis as pulmonary hydatid disease. Tablet albendazole was started preoperatively. The cyst was removed surgically and specimen was sent for histopathology. Report showed hydatid cyst and pulmonary tuberculosis. So confirmed diagnosis was Hydatid cyst and pulmonary tuberculosis.He was treated with antitubercular drugs and continuation of tablet Albendazole for 6 months. He was followed up regularly and was doing well. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/jbcps.v29i2.7956 (J Bangladesh Coll Phys Surg 2011; 29: 102-105)

scholarly journals Primary sinonasal ameloblastoma - a rare cause of unilateral nasal obstruction

2019 ◽  
Vol 147 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 639-641
Author(s):  
Ognjen Cukic ◽  
Aleksandar Oroz ◽  
Nenad Miladinovic
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Nasal Cavity ◽  
Maxillary Sinus ◽  
Nasal Obstruction ◽  
Complete Removal ◽  
Odontogenic Epithelium ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
History Of ◽  
Histopathologic Analysis ◽  
The Right

Introduction. Ameloblastoma is a rare, locally invasive benign jaw tumour, originating from odontogenic epithelium, and their presence in the sinonasal tract is usually due to their spread from the gnathic region of the maxilla. Primary sinonasal ameloblastoma is extremely rare, with only a handful of reported cases so far. The objective of this article was to describe a patient with a primary ameloblastoma of the right maxillary sinus and nasal cavity. Case outline. We report a case of a 67-year-old male patient with a year-long history of progressive unilateral nasal obstruction. Clinical and computed tomography examination revealed a mass in the right maxillary sinus and right nasal cavity. After an in-office biopsy under local anesthesia, which suggested the diagnosis of ameloblastoma, the patient underwent complete removal of the mass by a medial partial maxillectomy. Histopathologic analysis confirmed the diagnosis of ameloblastoma. Conclusion. Primary sinonasal ameloblastoma is clinically and radiographically similar to the more common pathology of this particular area and should be included in the differential diagnosis of the unilateral nasal obstruction. The treatment of choice is complete surgical resection. Due to the rarity of the disease, and a small number of cases described so far in the literature, there is still no consensus regarding the optimal surgical technique.

scholarly journals Schwannoma of the Appendix Orifice

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Maha Alkhattab ◽  
Amenah Dhannoon ◽  
Rishabh Sehgal ◽  
Conor Gormley ◽  
Margaret Sheehan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Right Hemicolectomy ◽  
Anatomical Location ◽  
Mesenchymal Tumors ◽  
Benign Schwannoma ◽  
Standard Management ◽  
Routine Surveillance ◽  
Complete Surgical Resection ◽  
Spindle Cell Proliferation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Benign Nature

Schwannomas are rare mesenchymal tumors. They are usually diagnosed incidentally during endoscopic or diagnostic imaging for another reason. Malignant transformation is rare. In this case report, we present an incidental schwannoma protruding through the appendiceal orifice diagnosed during endoscopy. A healthy 56-year-old female underwent a surveillance colonoscopy for family history of colorectal cancer. A prominent and edematous appendiceal orifice was noted, and the area was aggressively biopsied. Histopathological assessment revealed a benign schwannoma. Computerized topography was unremarkable. Subsequently, the patient underwent a right hemicolectomy. Patient is scheduled to undergo routine surveillance in three years. Grossly, schwannomas are white, encapsulated, and well-circumscribed lesions that stain strongly positive for S100, GFAP, and CD57. Histologically, schwannomas demonstrate spindle cell proliferation. Several imaging modalities have been utilized in the diagnosis and management of mesenchymal neoplasms. Despite the benign nature of the diagnosis, complete surgical resection with clear margins remains the gold standard management strategy. Our case highlights the presence of a relatively uncommon tumor in an unusual anatomical location.

Pneumomediastinum: A Rare Presentation of Inflicted Injuries in Infants

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam Lee ◽  
Adam Bajinting ◽  
Abby Lunneen ◽  
Colleen M. Fitzpatrick ◽  
Gustavo A. Villalona
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Retrospective Review ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Rare Presentation ◽  
Spontaneous Pneumomediastinum ◽  
Nonaccidental Trauma ◽  
Comprehensive Literature Review ◽  
Healthy Infants ◽  
History Of

AbstractReports of incidental pneumomediastinum in infants secondary to inflicted trauma are limited. A retrospective review of infants with pneumomediastinum and history of inflicted trauma was performed. A comprehensive literature review was performed. Three infants presented with pneumomediastinum associated with inflicted trauma. Mean age was 4.6 weeks. All patients underwent diagnostic studies, as well as a standardized evaluation for nonaccidental trauma. All patients with pneumomediastinum were resolved at follow-up. Review of the literature identified other cases with similar presentations with related oropharyngeal injuries. Spontaneous pneumomediastinum in previously healthy infants may be associated with inflicted injuries. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of an oropharyngeal perforation related to this presentation.

scholarly journals History of Extensive Disease Small Cell Lung Cancer Treatment: Time to Raise the Bar? A Review of the Literature

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 998
Author(s):  
Chiara Lazzari ◽  
Aurora Mirabile ◽  
Alessandra Bulotta ◽  
Maria Grazia Viganó ◽  
Francesca Rita Ogliari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Cell Lung Cancer ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Small Cell ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Small Cell Lung ◽  
Extensive Disease ◽  
History Of ◽  
Line Standard

Several trials have tried for decades to improve the outcome of extensive disease small cell lung cancer (ED-SCLC) through attempts to modify the standard treatments. Nevertheless, platinum/etoposide combination and topotecan have remained respectively the first and the second line standard treatments for the last 40 years. With the advent of immunotherapy, this scenario has finally changed. Our review aims to provide an overview of the primary studies on the actual therapeutic strategies available for ED-SCLC patients, and to highlight emerging evidence supporting the use of immunotherapy in SCLC patients.

scholarly journals History of IgA Nephropathy Mouse Models

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (14) ◽  
pp. 3142
Author(s):  
Batoul Wehbi ◽  
Virginie Pascal ◽  
Lina Zawil ◽  
Michel Cogné ◽  
Jean-Claude Aldigier
Keyword(s):  
Iga Nephropathy ◽  
Small Animal ◽  
Experimental Models ◽  
Murine Models ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches ◽  
Complement Components ◽  
Simple Description ◽  
Primary Glomerulonephritis ◽  
History Of ◽  
Small Animal Models

IgA nephropathy (IgAN) is the most common primary glomerulonephritis in the world. It was first described in 1968 by Jean Berger and Nicole Hinglais as the presence of intercapillary deposits of IgA. Despite this simple description, patients with IgAN may present very broad clinical features ranging from the isolated presence of IgA in the mesangium without clinical or biological manifestations to rapidly progressive kidney failure. These features are associated with a variety of histological lesions, from the discrete thickening of the mesangial matrix to diffuse cell proliferation. Immunofluorescence on IgAN kidney specimens shows the isolated presence of IgA or its inconsistent association with IgG and complement components. This clinical heterogeneity of IgAN clearly echoes its complex and multifactorial pathophysiology in humans, inviting further analyses of its various aspects through the use of experimental models. Small-animal models of IgAN provide the most pertinent strategies for studying the multifactorial aspects of IgAN pathogenesis and progression. Although only primates have the IgA1 subclass, several murine models have been developed in which various aspects of immune responses are deregulated and which are useful in the understanding of IgAN physiopathology as well as in the assessment of IgAN therapeutic approaches. In this manuscript, we review all murine IgAN models developed since 1968 and discuss their remarkable contribution to understanding the disease.

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